Temperature effects on single cavitation bubble dynamics under the free field condition: Experimental and theoretical investigations on water.

This paper examines how water temperature affects the dynamics of a single cavitation bubble in free field conditions. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are employed to explore the bubble dynamics in water under different temperatures. A series of single bubble experiments are conducted in water using the capacitive discharge method, with water temperature ranging from room temperature to near boiling point under atmospheric pressure.

Controlled Fabrication of pH-Visualised Silk Fibroin-Sericin Dual-Network Hydrogels for Urine Detection in Diapers.

Urine pH serves as an indicator of systemic acid-base balance and helps detect early-stage urinary and renal disorders. However, conventional monitoring methods rely on instruments or manual procedures, limiting their use among vulnerable groups such as infants and bedridden elderly individuals. In this study, a pH-responsive smart hydrogel was developed and integrated into diapers to enable real-time, equipment-free, and visually interpretable urine pH monitoring.

HCAR2 Exerts Anti-Depressive Effects on Corticosterone-Induced Depression in Mice by Modulating Microglial Activity.

Background: The metabolites derived from judicious dietary choices play a crucial role in the management and treatment of depression. Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) functions as a receptor for various diet-derived metabolites. Although a growing body of evidence indicates these metabolites exert beneficial effects on depression, the precise mechanisms underlying these benefits require further investigation.

The impact of statistical adjustment for assay performance on inferences from SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance studies.

Choice of immunoassay influences population seroprevalence estimates. Post-hoc adjustments for assay performance could improve comparability of estimates across studies and enable pooled analyses. We assessed post-hoc adjustment methods using data from 2021-2023 SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies in Alberta, Canada: one that tested 124,008 blood donations using Roche immunoassays (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid total antibody and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S) and another that tested 214,780 patient samples using Abbott immunoassays (SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S).

Machine Learning-Assisted Molecular Orbital Insights into OER Activity Descriptors of Component Gradient Ni-Based LDH Electrocatalysts.

The conventional theories to predict the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in electrochemical water-electrolysis, including the d-band center and the e orbital occupancy, encounter limitations under specific conditions. The d-band center serves as a partial descriptor of adsorption energy, leading to inconsistencies, and the e orbital occupancy theory underestimates the contributions of other orbitals. Here, a machine learning-assisted molecular orbital investigation is conducted to explore 3d orbitals characteristics.

Sociodemographic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies with diverse recruitment strategies, Canada, 2020 to 2023.

Background: Serological testing was a key component of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance. Social distancing interventions, resource limitations, and the need for timely data led to serosurveillance studies using a range of recruitment strategies, which likely influenced study representativeness. Characterizing representativeness in surveillance is crucial to identify gaps in sampling coverage and to assess health inequities.

Using Large Language Models to Enhance Exercise Recommendations and Physical Activity in Clinical and Healthy Populations: Scoping Review.

Background: Regular exercise recommendations (ERs) and physical activity (PA) are crucial for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. However, creating effective exercise programs demand substantial time and specialized expertise from both medical and sports professionals. Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, offer a promising solution by helping create personalized ERs.

Photogenerated Holes Induced Deep Sodium Storage of TiO/CdSe/NFPP Cathode for High-Efficiency Photorechargeable Sodium Batteries.

Resource-friendly photorechargeable sodium batteries (PRSBs) integrate energy storage devices with solar cells, offering a promising path for sustainable energy. Herein, a novel TiO/CdSe/NaFe(PO)PO (NFPP) cathode was prepared layer-by-layer utilizing resource-abundant commercialized NFPP and photoactive CdSe. The aligned energy levels with type II band structure ensure effective transfer of photogenerated holes from CdSe (-5.

Self-reinforced silk nanofibrils networks enable ultrafine fibroin monofilament sutures applied in minimally invasive surgery.

Superfine recycled regenerated silk fibroin (RRSF) monofilament sutures are designed to minimize surgical incisions, prevent scar formation, and facilitate precise suturing in cosmetic and plastic surgeries. However, balancing fineness and strength remains a challenge because the RRSF extraction process disrupts the hierarchical structure of natural silk fibers, leading to suboptimal mechanical properties. This study employed mechanical peeling and grinding to exfoliate β-sheets-rich silk fibroin nanofibrils (SFNF), which served as homologous reinforcing materials uniformly dispersed in the RRSF spinning system.

Synergistic inactivation and mechanism of thermosonication treatment combined with germinants and licorice extracts against Paraclostridium bifermentans.

Spore contamination is a critical factor that contributes to food spoilage and economic losses in the food industry. In this study, we employed a "germination-inactivation-inhibition" strategy to effectively inactivate Paraclostridium bifermentans spores. We systematically screened and optimized the germinants, thermosonication conditions, and inhibitors to determine the most effective combination for spore inactivation.

Estrogen deficiency promotes neurodegeneration in female hemi-parkinsonian mice: The role of regulatory T cells.

Background: Circulating levels of the female hormone estrogen has been associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Immune homeostasis mediated by peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg) is a crucial factor in PD. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of estrogen deficiency on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a rodent model of PD, with particular reference to Treg.

Luteolin Mitigates Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration and Restrains Microglial M1 Polarization by Inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4.

Background: Luteolin is a natural flavonoid and its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects have been confirmed to mitigate neurodegeneration. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is widely distributed in microglia and plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Ghrelin may protect against vascular endothelial injury in Acute traumatic coagulopathy by mediating the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 pathway.

Ghrelin exerts widespread effects in several diseases, but its role and mechanism in Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy (ATC) are largely unknown. The effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation was examined using three assays: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and flow cytometry. The barrier function of the endothelial cells was evaluated using the Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and the endothelial permeability assay.

A Novel RNA Methylation-Related Prognostic Signature and its Tumor Microenvironment Characterization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. RNA methylation plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, which could alter gene expression and even function at multiple levels, such as RNA splicing, stability, translocation, and translation. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of RNA methylation-related genes (RMGs) in HCC and their relationship with survival and clinical features.

Paxlovid reduces the 28-day mortality of patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy of paxlovid on reducing mortality of COVID-19 patients in clinical setting, especially whether paxlovid modifies the risk of death in these severe and critical patients.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study was conducted on the medical records of patients, consecutively admitted for COVID-19 to five hospitals in Chongqing, China from Dec 8, 2022 to Jan 20, 2023. Based on whether patients received paxlovid during their hospitalization, patients were grouped as paxlovid group and non-paxlovid group.

Comparing life cycle environmental impacts of food access and consumption pre- and during COVID 19 in New York State's Capital Region.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced household food shopping, food consumption, and food waste generation. However, the dietary environmental impacts for different income groups during COVID-19 remain unknown. To analyze dietary environmental impacts for various income groups, a process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted based on two electronic food access surveys implemented in the New York State's Capital Region during the COVID-19 pandemic and public and proprietary databases.

Prognostic value of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Recently, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has received extensive concern as an emerging target in antitumor therapy. However, the OXPHOS-involved underlying genes and clinical utilization in HCC remain worth exploring.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Food Acquisition Behavior, and Food Insecurity Before and After the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout.

Objectives: To assess changes in food acquisition behavior, food insecurity, and dietary behavior and identify factors associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption during the transitional period (before and after the initial vaccine rollout for all adults) of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Successive independent samples design. Online surveys were conducted from October 2020 to February 2021 (time 1, before the vaccine rollout) and from October 2021 to December 2021 (time 2, after the vaccine rollout).

Postural control and cognitive flexibility in skilled athletes: Insights from dual-task performance and event-related potentials.

Athletes of skill-oriented sports (hereinafter referred to as "skilled athletes"), such as gymnasts and rhythmic gymnasts, have demonstrated better postural control than nonathletes. However, previous studies have mainly focused on single postural tasks and have not considered how skilled athletes use and allocate attentional resources during postural control. This research used the event-related potential (ERP) to explore the postural control performance of skilled athletes under cognitive processes and their utilization and allocation of attentional resources.