From shadow to sustainability: How informality, environmental taxes, and green innovation reshape carbon and biodiversity futures in the G7 countries.

The shadow economy remains a blind spot in climate-and-biodiversity policy. However, its interaction with fiscal and technological forces can significantly affect the success or failure of sustainability transitions. We propose a novel integrated framework that combines econometric models with deep learning to examine the role of the shadow economy, environmental taxes and green innovation on consumption-based CO emissions and biodiversity in the G7 countries.

Exploring Variability in Spinal Anesthesia Levels Achieved During Cesarean Section Deliveries: A Narrative Review.

Spinal anesthesia (SA) is the preferred technique for cesarean section (CS), but variability in sensory block levels poses challenges. This variability becomes particularly prominent in pregnant women, and while the physiological changes of pregnancy are widely recognized contributors, local anesthetic (LA) properties and some technical factors are also responsible for these variations. Literature from 2015 to 2025 was reviewed on PubMed and Google Scholar to identify physiological, technical, and pharmacological factors responsible for spinal block characteristics in parturients.

Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia for Upper Thoracic Spine Fractures: A Case Series.

Unstable upper thoracic spine (T1-T6) fractures pose a considerable challenge in their management. These cases are often complicated by associated injuries. These types of thoracic fractures need early stabilization and surgical fixation, which have been shown to improve recovery and accelerate neurological outcomes.

Dye Removal from Contaminated Water Through PES Membranes Enhanced with the Incorporation of Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Grafted on Graphene Oxide.

Membrane fouling remains a critical challenge in wastewater treatment that ultimately reduces flux, compromised water quality, and higher operational costs. This study addresses such fouling issues by grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer brushes onto graphene oxide (GO) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and incorporating the functionalized GO-PAA into polyether sulfone (PES) membranes. The functionalized graphene oxide with poly-(acrylic acid) (GO-PAA) was blended into a poly-(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane at different concentrations, and its effects on nanocomposite membrane performance were systematically analyzed.

Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1): Molecular characteristics, clinical relevance and therapeutic interventions in cancer.

Ras Association Domain Family 1 (RASSF1) proteins are key modulators of tumor suppression, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Among its isoforms, RASSF1A is the most extensively studied due to its crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing cancer progression. It primarily functions as a scaffold protein, orchestrating critical signaling pathways such as Ras, Hippo, and p53 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.

The Epidemiology of Atopic Dermatitis among Adults and Adolescents with Alopecia Areata in the United States.

This study evaluated the prevalence, incidence, and relative risk of comorbid atopic dermatitis (AD) among patients with alopecia areata (AA) using data from the Merative MarketScan Research Databases. Eligible patients had ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims for AA between January 1, 2017 and October 31, 2023; were aged ≥12 years; and were continuously enrolled during the ≥5-year baseline period through the 6-month follow-up period; index date was the earliest date of AA diagnosis. AD prevalence (%) and incidence (cases per 1000 person-years) among patients with AA are reported and stratified by disease severity; a subgroup analysis was performed among adolescents (aged 12-17 years).

Indications and Technique for Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia in Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review.

Thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia (TSSA) represents an advanced technique in present clinical anesthetic practice. By lowering the systemic effects of anesthesia, preserving improved hemodynamic stability, and accelerating postoperative recovery, its targeted approach provides significant benefits in certain upper abdominal and thoracic procedures, particularly in high-risk patients. However, careful patient selection, exact technical execution, and in-depth understanding of thoracic anatomy are necessary for its successful implementation.

Spinal Anesthesia Using the Double-Needle Technique for Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture Surgery: A Case Series.

Spinal anesthesia (SA) has emerged as a viable alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for thoracolumbar spine surgeries. The double-needle technique (DNT) aims to enhance the precision and efficacy of SA in these procedures. The DNT (SA at two levels) involves performing two separate spinal punctures at different vertebral interspaces during the same procedure, often used to optimize anesthesia spread.

A Systematic Review of Toxicity, Biodistribution, and Biosafety in Upconversion Nanomaterials: Critical Insights into Toxicity Mitigation Strategies and Future Directions for Safe Applications.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are emerging as highly promising nanomaterials due to their exceptional optical properties, enabling diverse applications in biosensing, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, and drug delivery. However, their potential toxicity should be comprehensively investigated for the safe utilization of UCNPs in several biomedical and environmental applications. This review systematically evaluates the current knowledge on UCNP toxicity from 2008 to 2024, focusing on key toxicological pathways, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis/necrosis, alongside their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes and kinetics.

and exploration of physostigmine analogues to understand the mechanistic crosstalk between Klotho and targets for epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy and seizures are characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability and damage, influenced by metabolic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite available treatments, many patients remain resistant to therapy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Klotho, a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative protein has emerged as a potential modulator of epilepsy-related pathways.

Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgeries in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Case Series.

Thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia (TSSA) is a developing regional anesthesia approach that involves administering local anesthetics into the thoracic spine to produce a targeted nerve block. This segmental block provides stable hemodynamics and early recovery. Lumbar spinal anesthesia is a common practice in children, and TSSA can be a promising technique due to its advantages.

Biochemical validation for the therapeutic use of Plumeria rubra in coagulation disorders: a study combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches.

Local healers in South Asia use Plumeria rubra Linn. leaves to treat various coagulation disorders in animals and humans. This study (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) aimed to explore the pharmacological basis for the possible thrombolytic and anticlotting properties of the leaf extract of P.

Neutrophil elastase binds at the central domain of extracellular Toll-like receptor 4: AI prediction, docking, and validation in disease model.

The interaction between Neutrophil Elastase (NE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has attracted substantial scientific attention, particularly regarding its potential role in cardiovascular diseases. Employing AlphaFold2, biomolecular docking, and MMGBSA calculation we aimed to predict their binding and validated the results through a co-immunoprecipitation study in a rat model with isoproterenol (ISO) -induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings strongly suggest a specific and plausible interaction between rat NE and rat TLR4, distinct from other neutrophil-derived serine proteases.

Synergistic effect of Majoon-e-Suranjaan and isometric exercises in improving rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Majoon-e-Suranjaan with and without isometric exercises in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: A prospective, pragmatic, community based, parallel group, single blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at Muhammad Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic and Rehabilitation Centre, Multan, from May to October 2023. The trial was approved and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20230202057310N5).

Comparative analysis of piroxicam and post-isometric exercises in knee osteoarthritis in school teachers.

BackgroundSchool teachers often have knee osteoarthritis due to the nature of their work.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of post-isometric exercise and piroxicam on pain and functional impairment in school teachers having knee osteoarthritis.MethodA pragmatic, community-based, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (IRCT20230202057310N4) was conducted was conducted at Muhammad Physical Therapy Clinic and Rehabilitation Center, Multan, Pakistan from September 2023 to July after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee ().

Hepatoprotective effect of decoction against paracetamol-induced toxicity: , and studies.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the pharmacologic mechanism underlying this traditional remedy.

Method: We used a freshly produced hot water decoction of leaves (HWDJS) to examine its hepatoprotective effects in laboratory animals, administering doses of HWDJS at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg over 7 days. On the 8th day, paracetamol toxicity was induced at a dose of 2 g/kg.

Multi-modal denoised data-driven milling chatter detection using an optimized hybrid neural network architecture.

Chatter, a type of self-excited vibration, deteriorates surface quality and reduces tool life and machining efficiency. Chatter detection serves as an effective approach to achieve stable cutting. To address the low accuracy in chatter detection caused by the limitations of both one-dimensional temporal and two-dimensional image modal information, this study proposes a multi-modal denoised data-driven milling chatter detection method using an optimized hybrid neural network architecture.

Etiologies and Outcomes Following Duodenal Perforation in Acute Peritonitis: A Systematic Review.

Duodenal perforation often presents as an acute onset of abdominal pain and potential complications such as systemic infection, multiple organ system failure, and even death. It can result from various causes, including peptic ulcer disease (PUD), trauma, malignancies, and infections. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention are critical for better outcomes, though mortality can be high, particularly in delayed cases.

Therapeutic Utility of Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise Stretch and Proprioceptive Exercises in Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Background Given the increasing incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA), it is crucial to investigate and refine therapeutic approaches. Aim The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and potential synergistic effects of proprioceptive exercises combined with Mulligan traction straight leg raise (MT-SLR) in treating OA. This includes improving symptoms such as functional mobility, pain reduction, and relevant serological markers, highlighting the potential of this approach to enhance overall patient outcomes.

Cesarean Section Trends and Associated Factors at a Tertiary Care Center in India: A Retrospective Study.

Background Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on women globally, and its prevalence has been rising significantly over the past few decades. CS rates have been increasing globally, raising public health concerns due to the associated financial burden and increased health risks compared to vaginal delivery. Methodology This study involves a retrospective analysis of delivery records from a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India, over 10 years, from January 2011 to December 2021.

Screening of musculoskeletal disorders and levels of depression in transgender people of Multan.

Objective: To perceive transgender health issues by evaluating their susceptibility to musculoskeletal problems and depression.

Methods: The cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted from January to April 2023at the Government Girls Comprehensive Higher Secondary School, Multan, Pakistan, a school for transgenders, and comprised subjects aged 18-40 years. Body mass index was calculated for each subject, and further data was collected using the Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Numeric Pain Rating Scale.