Development of a Prediction Model for Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Study of the Korea IPF Cohort Registry.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has the most disastrous impact on prognosis as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there is no proven treatment, and the occurrence of AE is unpredictable. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for AE in patients with IPF using the nationwide Korea IPF Cohort (KICO) registry.

Dietary management of pediatric patients with kidney disease: recommendations by The Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology and The Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition.

Pediatric kidney disease has a relatively lower prevalence than do other pediatric conditions and has a notably different etiology from kidney diseases observed in adults. Furthermore, the pediatric population is unique in that they experience ongoing growth and development, distinguishing them from adult patients. Consequently, pediatric patients with kidney disease require more specialized and meticulous nutritional management than do adults.

Population pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: Optimal dose suggestion based on renal function.

Background: Levofloxacin (LFX) has gained attention as an effective drug to reduce treatment duration in tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to evaluate factors related to interindividual variability (IIV) and describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of LFX in both DS- and DR-TB, as well as explore the optimal dose for TB treatment.

Methods: We included demographics, clinical information, and LFX concentrations from multinational hospitals.

Prdx6 regulates myeloid cell development via redox control during embryogenesis.

Peroxiredoxin6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional antioxidant enzyme with both peroxidase and phospholipase A₂ activities. Although its molecular roles are well established, the developmental role of Prdx6 remains poorly understood. To address this gap in the literature, this study aimed to examine the function of Prdx6 in primitive myelopoiesis using embryos.

Tandem splice acceptor sites: Profiling their relevance to human disease.

Purpose: Interpretation of variation, particularly the creation or disruption of tandem splice acceptor sites (NAGNAG variants), challenges genomic medicine practice.

Methods: We analyzed the creation and disruption of dinucleotide AG sites within ±30 bases of natural splice-acceptor sites in the GRCh37 human reference genome. These results were compared with variant data from the ClinVar and gnomAD databases, as well as with data from 779 National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program study participants.

Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children: Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology clinical practice recommendations.

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and generalized edema, most commonly affecting children aged 2 and 6 years. Although standard oral steroid therapy is effective in managing most cases, relapses are common during childhood. Nephrotic syndrome presents significant challenges due to frequent relapses and the potential side effects of long-term drug therapy.

Persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation in children.

Background: Persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation (KT) has been reported in up to 50% of adult recipients, but pediatric data remain limited. We evaluated the prevalence, skeletal manifestations, and risk factors for persistent hyperparathyroidism in children following KT.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 107 pediatric KT recipients (58% male; median age 10.

Mitochondrial myopathy revealed postoperative acute respiratory failure: A case report.

Background: Mitochondrial myopathies are characterized by primary dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; they typically present as chronic muscle weakness. Clinically visible acute respiratory dysfunctions associated with mitochondrial myopathies occur rarely.

Case Summary: In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed postoperative hypoventilation after undergoing an uneventful administration of general anesthesia.

Impact of Modifying Lazertinib Doses on Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With EGFR-Positive Advanced Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Introduction: The clinical application of lazertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has extended to the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the effects of its dose modification on its efficacy and safety have not yet been adequately established.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study aims to evaluate the clinical implications of adjusting the lazertinib dose. Patients will be categorized into two groups based on the lazertinib dose administered during the initial 12 weeks of treatment in routine clinical practice: 160 and 240 mg groups.

A case of orthodontic splint ingestion misclassified as a sharp/pointed foreign body in a child: A case report.

Rationale: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is common, particularly among children. While most FBs pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications, some cases can lead to morbidity or even mortality. Management strategies depend on the size, sharpness, toxicity, and location of the FB.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Defect Due To Novel Biallelic Pathogenic Variants in PIGW.

Background: Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiencies are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of glycosylation, caused by mutations in genes involved in GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) biosynthesis. PIGW is a gene known to be involved in the early steps of the GPI-anchor biosynthesis, as well as functional studies for most patients. Biallelic mutations in PIGW have been previously linked to hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 5, also known as glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 11 (GPIBD11).

Longitudinal Analysis of Recurrence and Risk Factors of Early-Stage Resected Adenocarcinoma With Common EGFR Mutations: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea.

Introduction: Despite curative surgery for lung cancer, 30% to 55% of patients experience recurrence or death, which highlights the importance of adjuvant treatment. Adjuvant osimertinib therapy effectively prolongs disease-free and overall survival in patients with lung cancer harboring common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. To identify potential candidates for adjuvant osimertinib, it is crucial to understand the rates and identify risk factors of recurrence.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Disease: Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), one of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP), exhibits an acute or subacute course. It can be diagnosed after excluding secondary causes or diseases. COP accounts for approximately 5% to 10% of IIPs, with the average age of diagnosis ranging from 50 to 60 years.

Structural investigation of an RNA device that regulates PD-1 expression in mammalian cells.

Synthetic RNA devices are engineered to control gene expression and offer great potential in both biotechnology and clinical applications. Here, we present multidisciplinary structural and biochemical data for a tetracycline (Tc)-responsive RNA device (D43) in both ligand-free and bound states, providing a structure-dynamical basis for signal transmission. Activation of self-cleavage is achieved via ligand-induced conformational and dynamical changes that stabilize the elongated bridging helix harboring the communication module, which drives proper coordination of the catalytic residues.

Explainable vision transformer for automatic visual sleep staging on multimodal PSG signals.

Polysomnography (PSG) is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders, but manual scoring of PSG is time-consuming and subjective, leading to high variability. While machine-learning models have improved PSG scoring, their clinical use is hindered by the 'black-box' nature. In this study, we present SleepXViT, an automatic sleep staging system using Vision Transformer (ViT) that provides intuitive, consistent explanations by mimicking human 'visual scoring'.

Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Case Report of a Rare Uterine Malignancy Mimicking Degenerative Uterine Leiomyoma in a Nulliparous Woman.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) is a rare uterine malignancy that causes non-specific symptoms which presents more typically in younger women compared to other uterine sarcomas. Preoperative diagnosis of myometrial LGESS is challenging, as it is frequently mistaken for a benign uterine mass, such as a degenerating leiomyoma. Despite its rarity, the imaging findings of LGESS are highly variable, complicating the diagnostic process.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) is recognized as a distinct entity among various types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It is identified histologically by the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. A diagnosis of iNSIP is feasible once secondary causes or underlying diseases are ruled out.

Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To determine effects of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in general wards on characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with HAP admitted to 16 tertiary or university hospitals in Korea from July 2019 to December 2019. From the entire cohort, patients who developed pneumonia in general wards with known colonization status before the onset of pneumonia were included in this study.

CEP signaling coordinates plant immunity with nitrogen status.

Plant endogenous signaling peptides shape growth, development and adaptations to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we identify C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) as immune-modulatory phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data reveals that CEPs induce immune outputs and are required to mount resistance against the leaf-infecting bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Actin Depolymerizing Factor Destrin Regulates Cilia Development and Function during Vertebrate Embryogenesis.

The actin cytoskeleton plays fundamental roles in ciliogenesis and the actin depolymerizing factor destrin regulates actin dynamics by treadmilling actin filaments and increasing globular actin pools. However, the specific developmental roles of destrin in ciliogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of destrin in ciliogenesis using and human retinal pigmented epithelial (hRPE1) cells.