Cytotoxic Effect of Bee () Venom on Cancer Cell Lines.

Objectives: Nowadays cancer treatment is an important challenge in the medical world that needs better therapies. Many active secretions produced by insects such as honey bees used to discover new anticancer drugs. Bee venom (BV) has a potent anti inflammatory, anti cancer and tumor effects.

Biochemical, Hematological Effects and Complications of Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma Envenoming.

Objectives: Venomous fishes have different pharmacological effects and are useful. Among the venomous fish, stonefishes; especially Pseudosynanceia melanostigma has various pharmacological effects on the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular system of humans. In this study, toxicological characteristics, some blood effects, pharmacological and enzymatic properties of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma venom was investigated.

The Effects of Scorpion Venom on Electrophysiological Properties of Magnocellular Neurons of Rat Supraoptic Nucleus.

 (BS) scorpion venom consists of several polypeptides that could modulate ion channels. In this study, the effects of BS crude venom on passive and active electrophysiological properties of rat neurons in supraoptic nucleus (SON) of hypothalamus was investigated using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The results showed that bath application of BS venom produced significant change in passive properties of SON neurons, namely a decrease in resting membrane potential and an increase in input resistance of the cells.

Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses to Bordetella pertussis Inactivated Whole-Cells Encapsulated Alginate Microspheres as a New Vaccine Candidate.

Unlabelled: Effectiveness of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine is apparent, but improvement in the quality of the vaccine is necessary to achieve strong immunogenicity with a low bacterial number content.

Method: Inactivated Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) cells entrapped microspheres were prepared via an emulsification method and analyzed for morphology, size, size distribution, loading efficiency, loading capacity, release kinetic, in vivo cytokines and antigen specific antibody subclasses.

A New Vaccine Delivery Vehicle and Adjuvant Candidate: Bordetella pertussis Inactivated Whole Cells Entrapped in Alginate Microspheres.

There is no doubt about the whole cell pertussis vaccine efficacy, but it is necessary to improve the vaccine quality specially to decrease its toxicity by obtaining good immunogenicity with low bacterial content. In this work, under optimum condition inactivated B. pertussis bacteria cells entrapped with alginate microparticles were fabricated and in vivo immunogenicity and ptency of new microparticle based vaccine were evaluated in mice.

Bee Venom (Apis Mellifera) an Effective Potential Alternative to Gentamicin for Specific Bacteria Strains: Bee Venom an Effective Potential for Bacteria.

Objectives: Mellitine, a major component of bee venom (BV, ), is more active against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. Moreover, BV has been reported to have multiple effects, including antibacterial, antivirus, and anti-inflammation effects, in various types of cells. In addition, wasp venom has been reported to have antibacterial properties.

Study on Toxicity Reduction and Potency Induction in Whole-cell Pertussis Vaccine by Developing a New Optimal Inactivation Condition Processed on Bordetella pertussis.

Background: Whooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis, and it remains a public health concern. Whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been commonly employed for expanded immunization. There is no doubt of the efficacy of whole cell pertussis vaccine, but it is necessary to improve the vaccine to decrease its toxicity.

Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time.

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation and purification.

Study on development of Vipera lebetina snake anti-venom in chicken egg yolk for passive immunization.

Chicken egg yolk antibodies against Vipera lebetina venom were evaluated for their antivenom potential. White leghorn hens were immunized with detoxified V. lebetina venom (γ-irradiated venom).

Study on camel IgG purification: a new approach to prepare Naja Naja Oxiana antivenom as passive immunization for therapy.

A combined process of ammonium sulfate precipitation (salting out) and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B was used to prepare camel antivenom (IgG) against Naja Naja Oxiana for therapy. In the ammonium sulfate precipitation, the best condition for fractionation of IgG from the other proteins in camel serum was 55% precipitate. The camel IgG presented as 2 bands with molecular masses of 250 and 100 kDa, the latter corresponding to heavy chain IgG, on 10% gel electrophoresis.

Blood coagulation induced by Iranian saw-scaled viper (echis carinatus) venom: identification, purification and characterization of a prothrombin activator.

Objective(s): Echis carinatus is one of the venomous snakes in Iran. The venom of Iranian Echis carinatus is a rich source of protein with various factors affecting the plasma protein and blood coagulation factor. Some of these proteins exhibit types of enzymatic activities.

Partial Fractionation of Venoms from Two Iranian Vipers, Echis carinatus and Cerastes persicus Fieldi and Evaluation of Their Antiplatelet Activity.

Platelet aggregation inhibitory effect and anticoagulant properties of fractions separated from the venoms of Cerastes persicus fieldi and Echis carinatus were investigated. The partial fractionation was performed on a Sephadex G-100 column. Two fractions separated from Cerastes persicus fieldi showed anti platelet aggregation activity on ADP (200 μM)-induced platelet aggregation (ca 80% inhibition).

In vivo evaluation of homeostatic effects of Echis carinatus snake venom in Iran.

Background: The venom of the family Viperidae, including the saw-scaled viper, is rich in serine proteinases and metalloproteinases, which affect the nervous system, complementary system, blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and blood pressure. One of the most prominent effects of the snake venom of Echis carinatus (Ec) is its coagulation activity, used for killing prey.

Materials And Methods: Subfractions F1A and F1B were isolated from Ec crude venom by a combination of gel chromatography (Sephadex G-75) and ion exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sepharose (DE-52).

Isolation and partial purification of anticoagulant fractions from the venom of the Iranian snake Echis carinatus.

Many snake venoms comprise different factors, which can either promote or inhibit the blood coagulation pathway. Coagulation disorders and hemorrhage belong to the most prominent features of bites of the many vipers. A number of these factors interact with components of the human blood coagulation.