Computational analysis of missense mutations in squalene epoxidase associated with terbinafine resistance in clinically reported dermatophytes.

Dermatophyte infections, as a significant public health threats, are increasingly associated with antifungal drug resistance, particularly to terbinafine. Mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene have been linked to resistance by altering amino acid residues and interfering with drug-protein interactions. This study applied computational tools including I-Mutant, ConSurf, HOPE, DynaMut2, STRING, and molecular docking to assess the structural and functional impact of clinically reported SQLE missense mutations in terbinafine-resistant dermatophyte isolates.

Antifungal effect of soil bacteria on pathogenic species of the fungal genera and .

Background And Objectives: The increasing prevalence of fungal infections due to antifungal resistance underscores the need for novel treatment strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of soil-originated antagonistic bacteria against and species.

Materials And Methods: Fifty soil samples collected from Isfahan and Khuzestan provinces by using the Zig-Zag method were cultured on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar around fungal colonies to isolate antagonistic bacteria.

Cold atmospheric plasma as a promising tool in treatment of Trichophyton rubrum-induced skin infection in a guinea pig model of experimental dermatophytosis.

The emergence of high-resistance strains to known antifungal drugs has highlighted the urgency of developing novel therapies for chronic dermatophytosis as a global health problem. An experimental dermatophytosis model in guinea pigs was developed to investigate the in vivo wound healing effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on T. rubrum skin invasion.

Increased terbinafine resistance among clinical genotypes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale species complex harboring squalene epoxidase gene mutations.

Terbinafine resistance has become epidemic as an emerging problem in treatment of dermatohpytosis. This could be attributed in part to a point mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene. In this study, point mutations in the SQLE gene were studied in T.

Up-regulation of CDR1 and MDR1 efflux pump genes and fluconazole resistance are involved in recurrence in Candida albicans-induced vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) due to fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolates causes a wide range of complications. A number of 63 Candida albicans isolates obtained from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (ITS-RFLP). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method according to the CLSI protocol.

Effects of Tripleurospermum caucasicum, Salvia rosmarinus and Tanacetum fruticulosum essential oils on aflatoxin B production and aflR gene expression in Aspergillus flavus.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is one of the most hazardous mycotoxins for humans and livestock that mainly produced by members of the genus Aspergillus in a variety of food commodities. In this study, the effect of S. rosmarinus, T.

Detection of Aflatoxin B1-producing strains from pistachio orchards soil in Iran by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method.

Background And Purpose: The current study aimed to report a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as a monitoring technique to differentiate aflatoxigenic from non-aflatoxigenic strains of isolated from pistachio orchards soil.

Materials And Methods: In total, 25 strains were isolated from soil samples of pistachio orchards. To test the strains for Aflatoxin B (AFB)-producing ability, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used and the amounts of AFB were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

CTXP, The Major Cobra Toxin Peptide from Venom; A Promising Target for Antivenom Agent Development.

Background And Objective: Snakebite envenoming is a serious public health issue causing more than 135,000 annual deaths worldwide. is one of the most clinically important venomous snakes in Iran and Central Asia. Conventional animal-derived polyclonal antibodies are the major treatment of snakebite envenoming.

Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy With Methylene Blue on Different Species .

Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. The most common cause of this infection is . Considering the side effects of conventional antifungal therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue (a photosensitizer) in inhibiting the growth of , , , and .

Metagenomics Characterization of Intestinal Microbiota as Major Vector of Tick-Borne Diseases in Domestic Animals.

Background: Understanding the microbiota of disease vectors can help for developing new strategies to prevent the transmission of vector pathogens. is one of the most notorious tick vectors with increasing importance in Iran and other parts of the world while there is limited data on its microbiota. This study aimed to use metagenomics for identifying the tick's microbiota of Iran.

Clinical epidemiology of pulmonary aspergillosis in hospitalized patients and contribution of Cyp51A, Yap1, and Cdr1B mutations to voriconazole resistance in etiologic Aspergillus species.

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal infection with worldwide distribution. In the present study, clinical epidemiology of pulmonary aspergillosis and antifungal susceptibility of etiologic Aspergillus species were evaluated in one-hundred fifty patients with special focus on the frequency of voriconazole resistance. All the cases were confirmed by the clinical pictures, laboratory findings, and isolation of etiologic Aspergillus species which belonged to two major species, i.

Shortening the sulfur cell cycle by a green approach for bio-production of extracellular metalloid-sulfide nanoparticles.

In the present study, a new approach was introduced regarding the extracellular synthesis of selenium sulfide micro/nano-particles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different ammonium sulfate supplementation and in the presence of sodium selenosulfate precursors (S) and a blend of selenous acid and sodium sulfite (S). In S, only cell supernatant exposed to ammonium sulfate was able to reduce sodium selenosulfate. Whereas, in S, cell supernatant in both pre-conditions of with or without ammonium sulfate (S + or S-) were able to reduce selenous acid and sodium sulfite.

Molecular epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and ERG11 gene mutation of Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis: Comparison between recurrent and non-recurrent infections.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent infection of the genitourinary tract affecting millions of women worldwide. In the present study, the importance of virulence factors, ERG11 gene mutations, ERG11 gene expression, and plasma membrane ergosterol content for fluconazole resistance in Candida species was investigated in 200 women suspected of vulvovaginitis. Isolated Candida species were identified using the ITS-restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) technique.

Fungal Infection in Co-infected Patients With COVID-19: An Overview of Case Reports/Case Series and Systematic Review.

Fungal co-infections are frequent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can affect patient outcomes and hamper therapeutic efforts. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated fungal co-infections in this population. This study was performed to assess the rate of fungal co-infection in patients with COVID-19 as a systematic review.

Effect of loaded polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanofibers on growth and the expression of and genes.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of ethanolic extract (ACE) loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers on () and genes expression.

Materials And Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ACE against ATCC 10231 and clinical fluconazole (FLC)-resistant PFCC 93-902 were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27-Ed4) at a concentration range of 45.3-5800 µg/ml.

Anti-dermatophytic activity of cold atmospheric plasma against Trichophyton rubrum via affecting fungal growth, morphology, drug susceptibility and HSP90 gene expression.

Trichophyton rubrum, a major human pathogenic dermatophyte, is responsible for the most recurrent dermatophytoses as globally important superficial fungal infections. Typical chemotherapy is used to handle such infections; however, emerging drug resistance and side effects necessitate the new remedial method development. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology, consisted of neutral and charged particles and photons newly developed as a potent and safe antimicrobial technique to combat drug-resistant microbial pathogens.

Phylogeny, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Point Mutations of Gene in Major Pathogenic Dermatophytes Isolated From Clinical Dermatophytosis.

Drug resistance is one of the major challenges to skin fungal infections, especially in tropical and subtropical infections caused by dermatophytes. This study aimed to determine the antifungal susceptibility of clinically dermatophytes and evaluate point mutations in terbinafine-resistant isolates. A total number of 123 clinical dermatophyte isolates in eight species were evaluated in terms of sensitivity to seven major antifungals.

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of an Alpha-Helical Peptide, Dendrocin-ZM1, Derived from Zataria multiflora Boiss with Potent Antibacterial Activity.

Today, resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become a major challenge. To overcome this problem, development of new drugs, besides research on their antibacterial activity, is essential. Among chemical components, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit antibacterial activity and can be selected as suitable antimicrobial candidates.

Physicochemical properties, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of metallic nanoparticles green synthesized by Aspergillus kambarensis.

In the present study, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Aspergillus kambarensis. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorbance of 417 nm for silver (AgNPs), 542 nm for gold (AuNPs), 582 nm for copper (CuNPs) and 367 nm for zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of various mycochemicals with diverse functional groups in the fungal cell-free filtrate.

Characterization, Biological Activity, and Mechanism of Action of a Plant-Based Novel Antifungal Peptide, Cc-AFP1, Isolated From .

Due to the increasing rate of invasive fungal infections and emerging antifungal resistance, development of novel antifungal drugs has been an urgent necessity. Antifungal peptides (AFPs) have recently attracted attention due to their unique ability to evade drug-resistant fungal pathogens. In this study, a novel AFP, Cc-AFP1, with a molecular weight of ~3.

Plasma-based strategy for inhibiting Candida albicans growth and CaMCA1 gene expression in vitro and reducing fungal pathogenicity in a murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Unlabelled: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal infection, mainly caused by Candida albicans. The use of common antifungal drugs in treatment of VVC is limited due to emergence of resistant fungal strains and severe side effects. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a novel therapeutic approach is proven to display strong antifungal activity against C.