Chitosan/nanocellulose-coated MOF nanocarriers for camptothecin delivery.

Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) are promising biocompatible nanocarrier. However, it faces the problem of poor stability in aqueous solution. This study explores camptothecin delivery using a natural polymer-based shell (chitosan/carboxylated cellulose nanofibers) modified γ-CD-MOF core, establishing a novel strategy for safe and efficient CPT delivery.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Chlorogenic Acid-Functionalized Ag Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Activity.

In this study, chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural organic acid, was employed as both a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize chlorogenic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles (CGA-AgNPs). The synthesis conditions of CGA-AgNPs, including reactant ratio, pH, temperature, and reaction time, were optimized. The synthesized CGA-functionalized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Nontargeted metabolomics analysis to unravel the anti-biofilm mechanism of Citrocin on .

biofilm formation is an important cause of cross-contamination in food processing. Citrinin is a potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide. However, the effects of Citrocin on and its biofilm, as well as the associated mechanisms, remain to be explored.

First Report of Infection in Pods of Four-Seeded Vetch and Its Relationships with Plants.

species are of great value in ecological restoration, soil improvement, and the development of a forage resource. In 2024, a novel pod disease affecting four-seeded vetches () emerged in Rongchang District, China, leading to severe yield loss. After obtaining the main pathogenic strain, FVS1, through the tissue isolation method, which was verified according to Koch's postulates, and by combining morphological characteristics with multigene phylogenetic analysis, FVS1 was identified as .

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of Fufangduzhong formula in alleviating high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. The Fufangduzhong formula (FFDZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation composed of Oliv. (Lour.

High Output Voltage Aqueous Supercapacitors by Water Deactivated Electrolyte over Wide Temperature Range.

Confined by factors such as low operating voltage, poor temperature resistance, and instability at high voltage, the energy density of conventional symmetric aqueous supercapacitors is undesirable over a wide temperature range. It is still challenging to develop aqueous flexible supercapacitors (AFSCs) that can provide stable and high voltage output (>2.0 V) at extreme ambient temperatures.

Metabolomics and microbiome analysis elucidate the detoxification mechanisms of Hemarthria compressa, a low cadmium accumulating plant, in response to cadmium stress.

Cadmium (Cd) is recognized as one of the most toxic heavy metal in the environment that causes pronounced phytotoxicity. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses and detoxification mechanisms of Hemarthria compressa under various concentrations of Cd stress (0, 30, 60, 90, and 270 mg·kg). Our research findings indicate that the growth and photosynthetic capacity of H.

Furan-based renewable elastomers as effective tougheners for PLA: Enhanced mechanical properties and water vapor barrier properties.

There is a great need for versatile biomass additives sourced from renewable materials to enhance the performance of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. This study introduces a furan-based polyester elastomer called PNF-PBC that is designed to improve the mechanical and water vapor barrier characteristics of PLA. By incorporating PNF-PBC into PLA, the toughness of the PLA/PNF-PBC biocomposites was considerably enhanced through various intermolecular interactions.

Reduction of TRPV1 expression on neurons due to downregulation of P2X7R in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion satellite glial cells under co-culture conditions.

Background Information: The purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that transmits extracellular signals and induces corresponding biological effects, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel that maintains normal physiological functions; numerous studies showed that P2X7R and TRPV1 are associated with inflammatory reactions.

Results: The effect of P2X7R knockdown in satellite glial cells (SGCs) on neuronal TRPV1 expression under high glucose and high free fat (HGHF) environment was investigated. P2X7 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was utilized to downregulate P2X7R in SGCs, and treated and untreated SGCs were co-cultured with neuronal cell lines.

Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies.

Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and are associated with notably short natural survival. In addition to surgical interventions, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) is a crucial treatment for BM and encompasses whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Validating the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens through preclinical models is imperative for successful translation to clinical application.

CTGF regulates mineralization in human mature chondrocyte by controlling Pit-1 and modulating ANK via the BMP/Smad signalling.

Objective: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) exhibits potent proliferative, differentiated, and mineralizing effects, and is believed to be contribute to cartilage mineralization in Osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanism of chondrocyte mineralization induced by CTGF remains obscure. As a key regulator of mineral responses, type III phosphate transporter 1 (Pit-1) has been associated with the pathogenesis of articular mineralization.

Naringin inhibits P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells in the neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion.

Naringin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress, the P2 purinoreceptor X4 receptor (P2X4R) is associated with glial cell activation and inflammation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of naringin on P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells (SGCs) and its possible mechanisms. ATP promoted the SGC activation and upregulated P2X4R expression; naringin inhibited SGC activation, decreased expression of P2X4R, P38 MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB, and reduced levels of Ca2+, TNF-α, and IL-1β in SGCs in an ATP-containing environment. These findings suggest that naringin attenuates the ATP-induced SGC activation and reduces P2X4R expression via the Ca2+-P38 MAPK/ERK-NF-κB pathway.

Antifungal Peptide P852 Effectively Controls a Wilt-Causing Fungus, by Affecting the Glucose Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism as well as Damaging Mitochondrial Function.

causes wilt disease, which causes huge economic losses to a wide range of agricultural cash crops. Antifungal peptide P852 is an effective biocide. However, the mechanism of direct inhibition of pathogenic fungus needs to be explored.

First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants.

The hybrid is the main high-quality forage grass in Southwest China, but, in recent years, it has suffered from leaf spot disease, with a prevalence of 88% in Bazhong, Sichuan, China, seriously affecting yield and quality. The causal agents were obtained from symptomatic leaves by tissue isolation and verified by pathogenicity assays. A combination of morphological characterization and sequence analysis revealed that strains SCBZSL1, SCBZSX5, and SCBZSW6 were , , and , respectively, and the latter two were the first instance to be reported on hybrids in the world.

Stable antiferromagnetic property and tunable electronic structure of two-dimensional MnPX(X = S and Se) from pristine structure to Janus phase.

Transition-metal phosphorus trichalcogenides have been considered as very promising two-dimensional (2D) magnetic candidates up-to-date. We performed a systematical first-principles study on the electronic structures and magnetic properties of pristine MnPX(X = S and Se) and Janus MnPSSemonolayers. All monolayers behave as a direct-band-gap semiconductor in antiferromagnetic ground state which is caused by strong direct and indirect exchange interactions.

Interfacial molecular regulation of TiO for enhanced and stable cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen production.

On the basis of the inherent property limitations of commercial P25-TiO, many surface interface modification methods have attracted substantial attention for further improving the photocatalytic properties. However, current strategies for designing and modifying efficient photocatalysts (which exhibit complicated manufacturing processes and harsh conditions) are not efficient for production that is low cost, is nontoxic, and exhibits good stability; and therefore restrict practical applications. Herein, a facile and reliable method is reported for in situ amine-containing silane coupling agent functionalization of commercial P25-TiO by covalent surface modification for constructing a highly efficient photocatalyst.

High-power tapered two-section distributed feedback laser based on a chirped sampled grating.

We propose and theoretically study a two-section high-power distributed feedback (DFB) laser with three equivalent phase shifts (3EPSs). A tapered waveguide with a chirped sampled grating is introduced to amplify the output power and keep a stable single-mode operation. The simulation exhibits the maximum output power and side mode suppression ratio of a 1200 µm length two-section DFB laser as high as 306.

A Multi-Task Multi-Stage Transitional Training Framework for Neural Chat Translation.

Neural chat translation (NCT) aims to translate a cross-lingual chat between speakers of different languages. Existing context-aware NMT models cannot achieve satisfactory performances due to the following inherent problems: 1) limited resources of annotated bilingual dialogues; 2) the neglect of modelling conversational properties; 3) training discrepancy between different stages. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a multi-task multi-stage transitional (MMT) training framework, where an NCT model is trained using the bilingual chat translation dataset and additional monolingual dialogues.

Design of two-dimensional sampled Bragg grating for a curved waveguide.

Due to the ability of changing light propagation path direction, curved waveguide Bragg grating (CWG) plays an important role in photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we proposed a cascaded sampled Bragg grating on tilted waveguide (CSBG-TW) structure to equivalently realize CWG. As an example, by designing two-dimensional (2D) sampled gratings, the direction of +1 sub-grating vector in CSBG-TW can be changed.

Silencing P2X7R Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Involving TRPV1 via PKCε/P38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Transient receptor potential vanillic acid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel activated by heat and inflammatory factors involved in the development of various types of pain. The P2X7 receptor is in the P2X family and is associated with pain mediated by satellite glial cells. There might be some connection between the P2X7 receptor and TRPV1 in neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.

Antimicrobial Peptides Mediate Apoptosis by Changing Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability.

Changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability are closely associated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have been found to enter cells to exert physiological effects, cause damage to the mitochondria. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of AMP-mediated apoptosis by changing the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane through three pathways: the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP).

Fast Explainable Recommendation Model by Combining Fine-Grained Sentiment in Review Data.

With the rapid development of e-commerce, recommendation system has become one of the main tools that assists users in decision-making, enhances user's experience, and creates economic value. Since it is difficult to explain the implicit features generated by matrix factorization, explainable recommendation system has attracted more and more attention recently. In this paper, we propose an explainable fast recommendation model by combining fine-grained sentiment in review data (FSER, (Fast) Fine-grained Sentiment for Explainable Recommendation).

Investigations on structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO in two-dimensional configurations by first-principles calculations.

The electronic structures and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) ZnO monolayers in a series of configurations were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations with Hubbardevaluated by the linear response approach. Three types of 2D ZnO monolayers, as planer hexagonal-honeycomb (Plan), double-layer honeycomb (Dlhc), and corrugated tetragonal (Tile) structures, show a mechanical and dynamical stability, while the Dlhc-ZnO is the most energetically stable configuration and Plan-ZnO is the second one. Each 2D ZnO monolayer behaves as a semiconductor with that Plan-, Dlhc-ZnO have a direct band gap of 1.

A Novel Progress: Glial Cells and Inflammatory Pain.

Inflammatory pain is the perception of noxious stimuli that occurs during inflammation or an immune response. Glial cells are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems, supporting and guiding the migration of neurons, participating in the immune response, forming the myelin sheath and blood-brain barrier, and maintaining the concentration of potassium ions outside nerve cells. Recent studies have shown that glial cells have a significant connection with the production and development of inflammatory pain.