Exosomes Derived From Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Follicular Interstitial Cell Ferroptosis via the miR-26a-5p/PTEN/GPX4 Axis in Rats with Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a persistent condition in young women characterized by early follicular development disorders and reduced fertility. Research has found that exosomes derived from human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC-Exo) have significant tissue repair effects. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential molecular mechanism of hUCMSC-Exo on POI.

Comparative effects of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and metformin on insulin resistance (IR) in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: A computer search was conducted up to September 30, 2024, in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture treatment for PCOS. The effect of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in PCOS patients was assessed.

hUMSC-derived exosomes alleviate follicular interstitial cell autophagy by let-7a-5p/AMPK/mTOR axis in POI rats.

Background: One major factor contributing to infertility in women of childbearing age is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Exosomes produced from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSC-Exos) have drawn a lot of attention lately as a potential treatment for ovarian dysfunction brought on by POI. However, its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear and needs further exploration.

Combined effects of extreme cold events and fine particulate matter on the success rate of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: A multi-center retrospective cohort study in China.

As climate change intensifies, the rising frequency of extreme cold events (ECEs) and the known effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on reproductive health highlight a gap in understanding their combined impact on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) success rate. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in China to explore the association between ECEs and the risk of clinical pregnancy failure (CPF) undergoing IVF-ET, and the combined effects of ECEs and PM on CPF risk. The study included a total of 96,623 women undergoing IVF-ET, including 40,798 women undergoing fresh embryo transfers and 55,645 women undergoing frozen embryo transfers, with CPF rates of 48.

Effect of hysteroscopic septum resection on IVF/ICSI outcomes in women with septate uterus: a propensity-score retrospective matching study.

Background: Hysteroscopic septum resection has been a widespread technique throughout the world in women with a septate uterus. The effectiveness of hysteroscopic septum resection before IVF was equivocal. This study aimed to investigate whether hysteroscopic septum resection could improve IVF outcomes for women with a septate uterus.

Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation treatment: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that a freeze-all strategy would increase the chance of live birth compared with fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.

Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Nine academic fertility centres in China.

Biallelic mutations in CDC20 cause female infertility due to oocyte maturation abnormality.

Oocyte maturation arrest (OMA) may occur at different stages, including the germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII). A total maturation arrest of human oocytes is rarely observed during fertilization (IVF). We have identified a case of infertile female for whom all oocytes fail to mature and are arrested at MI.

Observed Effects on Very Early Pregnancy Linked to Ambient PM Exposure in China among Women Undergoing Fertilization-Embryo Transfer.

The adverse effect of ambient PM exposure on very early pregnancy (VEP) remains controversial among epidemiological studies but is supported by toxicological evidence. We adopted a multicenter retrospective cohort of 141,040 cycles to evaluate the effect of PM exposure on the VEP using the fertilization and embryo transfer platform and high-resolution PM data in China. We first investigated the association between PM exposure 1 week before and 1 week after the embryo transfer date and VEP.

PAI-1 promotes human endometrial stromal decidualization via inhibiting VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediated F-actin reorganization.

Decidualization of endometrial stromal cells is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation and early pregnancy. Decidualization dysregulation results in implantation failure. In our previous study, we reported that PAI-1 is abnormally downregulated in the endometrial tissue samples of patients with recurrent implantation failure.

Association between Metal(loid) Exposure and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mediated by Anti-Müllerian Hormone among Women Undergoing Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.

Objective: To investigate the relationship and potential pathways between metal(loid) exposure and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of childbearing age.

Methods: This case-control study included 200 patients with PCOS (cases) and 896 non-PCOS controls with the age of 25-37 years. The concentrations of 29 metal(loid)s in the follicular fluid (FF) and clinical indicators in the serum were measured in all participants.

Propylparaben exposure impairs G2/M and metaphase-anaphase transition during mouse oocyte maturation.

Propylparaben (PrPB) is a known endocrine disrupting chemicals that is widely applied as preservative in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics. PrPB has been detected in human urine samples and human serum and has been proven to cause functional decline in reproduction. However, the direct effects of PrPB on mammalian oocyte are still unknown.

Derivation and validation of the first web-based nomogram to predict the spontaneous pregnancy after reproductive surgery using machine learning models.

Objective: Infertility remains a significant global burden over the years. Reproductive surgery is an effective strategy for infertile women. Early prediction of spontaneous pregnancy after reproductive surgery is of high interest for the patients seeking the infertility treatment.

Excessive proliferating cell nuclear antigen attenuates endometrial adhesive capacity and decidualization in patients with recurrent implantation failure.

Study Question: Does the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the endometrium regulate endometrial receptivity in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF)?

Summary Answer: A high abundance of PCNA attenuates endometrial adhesive capacity and decidualization in patients with RIF.

What Is Known Already: Aberrant expression of PCNA has been discovered in multiple infertility-related disorders. However, the expression pattern and role of PCNA in the establishment of endometrial receptivity and endometrial decidualization in patients with RIF remain unclear.

Analysis of weighted gene co-expression networks and clinical validation identify hub genes and immune cell infiltration in the endometrial cells of patients with recurrent implantation failure.

Background: About 10% of individuals undergoing fertilization encounter recurrent implantation failure (RIF), which represents a worldwide social and economic concern. Nevertheless, the critical genes and genetic mechanisms underlying RIF are largely unknown.

Methods: We first obtained three comprehensive microarray datasets "GSE58144, GSE103465 and GSE111974".

Clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in natural cycles with luteinized unruptured follicles.

Objective: To assess the effect of luteinized unruptured follicles (LUF) on frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles performed in natural cycles (FET-NC).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study, held in a university hospital with 3415 cycles for frozen-thawed embryo transfer, performed between June 2019 and September 2022. Using propensity score matching, 242 patients with a diagnosis of LUF (LUF group) were matched with 484 ovulated patients (ovulation group).

Rosiglitazone alleviates LPS-induced endometritis via suppression of TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Rosiglitazone (RGZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced Endometritis and explore its possible mechanism.

Methods: The preventive and therapeutic effects of RGZ on Endometritis were studied in vivo and in vitro. A total of 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: RGZ+LPS, RGZ control, LPS and DMSO control.

Increasing expression of STING by ERα antagonizes LCN2 downregulation during chronic endometritis.

Chronic endometritis has a high incidence in infertile women, which is caused by endometrial microbiome infection. In response to microbial infection, the role of defensins during chronic endometritis need explored. Besides, the expression of estrogen and its receptors vary in different menstrual cycles, but their roles in chronic endometritis are still unclear.

Upregulated RPA2 in endometrial tissues of repeated implantation failure patients impairs the endometrial decidualization.

Purpose: To investigate the expression and underlying mechanism of RPA2 in endometrium of patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).

Methods: In this study, we retrieved the expression profiles from GEO databases and filtered the differentially expressed genes between RIF and the fertile control group. Ultimately, RPA2 was confirmed as a target gene.

hUMSC transplantation restores follicle development in ovary damaged mice via re-establish extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

Objectives: Explore the therapeutic role of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) transplantation for regeneration of ECM components and restoration of follicular development in mice.

Background: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to maintain ovary function and regulate follicular development, as it participates in important cell signaling and provides physical support to the cells. However, it is unknown how hUMSCs affect the expression of ECM-related genes in ovaries treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and busulfan (BUS).

Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and excessive vascularization in the peri-implantation endometrium of infertile women with chronic endometritis.

Objective: Chronic endometritis (CE) contributes to impaired endometrial receptivity and is closely associated with poor fertilization (IVF) outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying CE are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the hypoxic microenvironment and endometrial vascularization in the peri-implantation endometrium of infertile women with CE.

hUMSCs Transplantation Regulates AMPK/NR4A1 Signaling Axis to Inhibit Ovarian Fibrosis in POI Rats.

Background: The mechanism of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUMSCs) transplantation to improve ovarian function in the rats with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the signal axis mechanism that is involved in the ovarian function recovery of POI rats following hUMSCs transplantation.

Methods: The rat model with POI was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.

hUCMSCs reduce theca interstitial cells apoptosis and restore ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency rats through regulating NR4A1-mediated mitochondrial mechanisms.

Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs, retrospectively registered) have a lot of promise for treating theca interstitial cells(TICs) dysfunction in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The mechanisms, however, are still unknown.

Methods: To examine the therapeutic and find the cause, we used both in vivo cisplatin-induced POI rat model and in vitro TICs model.

The Clinical Efficacy of Personalized Embryo Transfer Guided by the Endometrial Receptivity Array/Analysis on IVF/ICSI Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To assess the prevalence of displaced window of implantation (WOI) in infertile women, and the clinical utility of personalized embryo transfer (pET) guided by the endometrial receptivity array/analysis (ERA) on IVF/ICSI outcomes. The protocol was registered at Prospero: CRD42020204237. We systematically searched all published English literature related to the prevalence of WOI displacement and ongoing pregnancy rate/live birth rate in the overall good-prognosis infertile patients (GPP) and/or repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET cycles after ERA test until August 2021.

Higher Chronic Endometritis Incidences within Infertile Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Clinical Cases.

Background: Clinical cases of a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have prolonged subclinical inflammation. Hysteroscopy has revealed worsened chronic endometritis (CE), particularly endometrial diffuse hyperemia, in PCOS patients. However, the possible relationships between PCOS and CE remain largely unexplored.

Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Different Fertilization Methods in Patients with ≤3 Eggs Retrieved.

Objective: To explore the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and fertilization (IVF) method on the clinical outcomes of infertile women with ≤3 eggs retrieved. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of female patients who received IVF/ICSI to assist pregnancy with retrieved eggs ≤3. The general conditions, i.