Efficacy of Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Lung Cancer and Irradiation Methods Based on Metastatic Site.

Systemic chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with stage IV cancer with distant metastases, and there is little evidence of the effectiveness of local treatments for distant metastatic lesions. However, in recent years, randomized phase II trials targeting oligometastases in lung cancer and solid tumors have reported that local therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes. We reviewed previous clinical trials and demonstrated the efficacy of radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease.

Changes in choroidal thickness and blood flow in myopic children with 0.01% atropine or orthokeratology and atropine combination therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal blood flow and axial length (AL) after therapy with either 0.01% atropine eye drops (AT) or the combination of orthokeratology and 0.01% AT (OKA) among Japanese myopic children.

Optic nerve MRI findings in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lesions in Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: We examined the clinical characteristics and MRI scans of lesion locations in 34 LHON cases (68 eyes) with m.

Prognostic value of pre-treatment metabolic tumor volume on [S‑methyl‑C]‑L‑methionine PET/CT in patients with local non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with single-fraction carbon-ion radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic predictive ability of MET PET/CT-derived imaging biomarkers in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing single-fraction carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and to clarify the additional prognostic information these biomarkers can provide beyond the standard UICC staging protocol.

Methods: With institutional review board approval, 67 localized NSCLC patients eligible for CIRT between 2007 and 2012 were included. Single-fraction doses of 40-50 Gy were irradiated.

Comparison of subjective cyclovertical deviation and objective ocular torsion in sagging eye syndrome and superior oblique palsy.

: To compare the differentiating clinical features of subjective cyclovertical deviation and objective ocular torsion in elderly patients with cyclovertical sagging eye syndrome (CSES) versus superior oblique palsy (SOP). : Prospectivestudy. : Patients with CSES ( = 22) and unilateral SOP ( = 20) aged ≥50 years were included.

Prospective study of a rotating gantry with scanning beams of carbon-ion radiotherapy for choroidal malignant melanoma.

To evaluate the safety of a rotating gantry with scanning beams of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for choroidal malignant melanoma. A prospective study of C-ion RT using a rotating gantry with scanning beams for choroidal malignant melanoma was initiated at the National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, QST Hospital in March 2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) clinically diagnosed ocular/choroidal malignant melanoma; (ii) tumor measurable by imaging tests; (iii) score of 0-2 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale and (iv) ability to provide consent for treatment.

Guidance on the short hydration method for cisplatin administration.

Cisplatin is currently used as the central agent in several cancer chemotherapy protocols because of its broad antitumor spectrum and potent antitumor effects; however, preventing cisplatin-induced renal damage and other adverse events is challenging. Recently, several clinical studies have shown that a short hydration method could prevent cisplatin-induced renal damage. In addition, appropriate magnesium supplementation and administration of forced diuretics have been shown to be renoprotective.

The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations.

Background: The aging population in Japan has led to an increase in traffic accidents involving elderly drivers, highlighting the need for measures to enhance driving safety. Post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients must regain their driving ability to maintain independence; however, clear guidelines for driving resumption are lacking. This study assessed the movement time (MT) and brake pedal force (BPF) using a driving simulator and investigated their associations with lower limb motor function.

Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics.

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South.

Intravenous immunoglobulin for the acute treatment of refractory optic neuritis in Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the usage status and evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for the acute treatment of optic neuritis (ON) in Japan.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Methods: The study subjects were patients with steroid-resistant acute ON in whom IVIG had been initiated between January 2020 and August 2022 at 30 facilities in Japan.

Validation study on accuracy of our newly proposed methods for post-therapeutic liver reserve capacity estimation utilizing Tc-GSA scintigraphy prior to carbon-ion radiotherapy.

Objective: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is known as a promising treatment for liver tumors. However, no method has been established for estimating post-therapeutic residual liver reserve capacity (pRLRC). We previously introduced the estimation method of pRLRC using Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin (Tc-GSA) scintigraphy (Yamazaki method).

Dose Constraints in Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy to Minimize the Risk of Pectoral Myositis.

Purpose: Carbon-ion radiation therapy (C-ion RT) is an emerging nonsurgical treatment for early stage breast cancer, offering biological advantages such as high linear energy transfer (LET) and precise dose distribution. However, the risk of radiation-induced toxicity, particularly pectoral myositis, remains unclear. This study evaluates the relationship between RBE-weighted dose, LET, and pectoral myositis in patients receiving C-ion RT.

tesG expression as a potential clinical biomarker for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary biofilm infections.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs affect millions of children and adults worldwide. To our knowledge, no clinically validated prognostic biomarkers for chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections exist.

Remarkable visual improvement in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.

Purpose: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) typically has a poor visual outcome. In this study, we examined 8 cases of LHON that demonstrated remarkable visual improvement.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study, clinical case series METHODS: We analyzed the clinical histories and outcomes of 8 patients (16 eyes) whose best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved to 0.

Prostate dose escalation may positively impact survival in patients with clinically node-positive prostate cancer definitively treated by radiotherapy: surveillance study of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG).

Objective: To retrospectively analyze outcomes of patients who received definitive pelvic irradiation for clinically pelvic node-positive (cT1-4N1M0) prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: Clinical records of 148 patients with cT1-4N1M0 PCa treated with definitive pelvic radiotherapy (RT) between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively collected from 25 institutions by the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group. The median age, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and biologically effective dose (BED) to the prostate with α/β of 1.

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy with Retinal Hemorrhage.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) causes subacute visual loss, and, in the acute phase, the optic disc shows hyperemia, peripapillary telangiectasia, and swelling of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Rarely, retinal hemorrhage may be present. In this study, we investigated LHON cases with retinal hemorrhage in the acute phase.

Optimizing the dose-averaged linear energy transfer for the dominant intraprostatic lesions in high-risk localized prostate cancer patients.

Background And Purpose: Radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer often targets the entire prostate with a uniform dose despite the presence of high-risk dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs). This study investigated the feasibility of focal dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET) boost for prostate carbon-ion radiotherapy to deposit higher LET to DILs while ensuring desired relative biological effectiveness weighted dose coverage to targets and sparing organs at risk (OARs).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective planning study was conducted on 15 localized prostate cancer cases.

A Phase I/II Study of Ultra-Hypofractionated Carbon-ion Radiation therapy for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We report herein the 3-year results of a phase I/II prospective study of 4-fraction course of carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) in patients with localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: The present was a single-institution, phase I/II prospective study including patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, as defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 1- or 2-week schedule.

Efficacy of curative radiotherapy for the treatment of elderly patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review.

Introduction: In recent years, a chemoradiotherapy has been developed as a radical treatment for stage II-III muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that can preserve the bladder for patients who cannot tolerate radical cystectomy (RC) or who do not wish to undergo RC. However, most of the studies were conducted on younger patients with MIBC, and it is not clear if it is effective for elderly patients with MIBC. In this study, we reviewed the effects and adverse events after radical radiotherapy in elderly patients with MIBC to determine if radiotherapy has been/can be equally recommended for younger patients with MIBC.

A Case of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy With Reversible Symmetric Lesions in the Substantia Nigra.

A 34-year-old man with a history of alcoholism experienced progressive vision loss in both eyes over two months. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.1 OD and 0.

Refractive blur's influence on discomfort glare perception from white LED headlights at night.

This study examined the effects of refractive blur on discomfort perception caused by peripheral glare from white LED passing (low)-beam headlights at night. The study compared two levels of binocular blur (+0.50 diopter [D] and +1.

Combined Molecular Subclass and Immune Phenotype Correlate to Atezolizumab Plus Radiation Therapy Response in Invasive Bladder Cancer: BPT-ART Phase 2 Study.

Purpose: Bladder preservation therapy in combination with atezolizumab and radiation therapy trial, which was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study, showed a promisingly high interim clinical complete response (cCR) rate of 84.4% (38/45). In the present study, we aimed to identify potential tissue biomarkers for achieving cCR using bladder preservation therapy in combination with atezolizumab and radiation therapy.

Novel intranasal phage-CaEDTA-ceftazidime/avibactam triple combination therapy demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Given the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, alternative treatments are needed. Anti-pseudomonal phage therapy shows promise, but its clinical application is limited due to the development of resistance and a lack of biofilm penetration. Recently, adjuvants like CaEDTA have shown the ability to enhance the effectiveness of combined antimicrobial agents.