Efficacy of Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Lung Cancer and Irradiation Methods Based on Metastatic Site.

Systemic chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with stage IV cancer with distant metastases, and there is little evidence of the effectiveness of local treatments for distant metastatic lesions. However, in recent years, randomized phase II trials targeting oligometastases in lung cancer and solid tumors have reported that local therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes. We reviewed previous clinical trials and demonstrated the efficacy of radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease.

Prospective study of a rotating gantry with scanning beams of carbon-ion radiotherapy for choroidal malignant melanoma.

To evaluate the safety of a rotating gantry with scanning beams of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for choroidal malignant melanoma. A prospective study of C-ion RT using a rotating gantry with scanning beams for choroidal malignant melanoma was initiated at the National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, QST Hospital in March 2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) clinically diagnosed ocular/choroidal malignant melanoma; (ii) tumor measurable by imaging tests; (iii) score of 0-2 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale and (iv) ability to provide consent for treatment.

Optimizing the dose-averaged linear energy transfer for the dominant intraprostatic lesions in high-risk localized prostate cancer patients.

Background And Purpose: Radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer often targets the entire prostate with a uniform dose despite the presence of high-risk dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs). This study investigated the feasibility of focal dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET) boost for prostate carbon-ion radiotherapy to deposit higher LET to DILs while ensuring desired relative biological effectiveness weighted dose coverage to targets and sparing organs at risk (OARs).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective planning study was conducted on 15 localized prostate cancer cases.

A Phase I/II Study of Ultra-Hypofractionated Carbon-ion Radiation therapy for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We report herein the 3-year results of a phase I/II prospective study of 4-fraction course of carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) in patients with localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: The present was a single-institution, phase I/II prospective study including patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, as defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 1- or 2-week schedule.

Prognostic Factors of Flap Complications After Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer With Reconstruction.

Background/aim: The incidence of flap complications after carbon-ion (C-ion) radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer with reconstruction is unknown. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of flap complications following C-ion RT for head and neck cancer with reconstruction.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 24 cases, excluding cases of re-irradiation, treated with C-ion RT at QST Hospital for loco-regional recurrence after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancers from April 1997 to March 2020.

Significant Effect of Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy Combined With Androgen Deprivation on Biochemical Recurrence Rates in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Two-Center Controlled Trial Compare With X-Ray External Beam Radiation Therapy.

Objective: To compare the effects of carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: The effects of initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA), clinical Tumor (cT) stage, radiotherapy method, and other clinical factors on the prognosis of 577 patients with radiotherapy were analyzed.

Results: Cox regression analysis showed that CIRT (RR: 0.

Long-Term Outcomes of Ocular and Visual Preservation After Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) for choroidal malignant melanoma (CMM), especially regarding the preservation of the eye and visual acuity (VA).

Methods And Materials: A total of 250 patients with intraocularly localized CMM treated with CIRT between January 2003 and September 2021 were included. The dose prescription included 60 to 85 Gy/4 to 5 fr, with only 68 Gy/4 fr used from 2018 onward.

Recent developments in the field of radiotherapy for the management of lung cancer.

Lung cancer has a poor prognosis, and further improvements in outcomes are needed. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of unresectable lung cancer, and there have been recent developments in the field of radiotherapy for the management of lung cancer. However, to date, there have been few reviews on the improvement in treatment outcomes associated with high precision radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Lung Cancer with Interstitial Pneumonia.

Patients with lung cancer complicated by interstitial pneumonia (IP) often lose treatment options early owing to acute exacerbation of IP concerns. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) can provide superior tumor control and low toxicity at high dose concentrations. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of a single-fraction CIRT using 50 Gy for IP-complicated lung cancer.

Comparative Analysis of Photon Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Elderly Patients with Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

The emergence of an aging society and technological advances have made radiotherapy, especially stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), a common alternative to surgery for elderly patients with early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is also an attractive treatment option with potentially lower toxicity for elderly patients with comorbidities. We compared the clinical outcomes of the two modalities using Japanese multicenter data.

Long-term outcomes of high dose carbon-ion radiation therapy for unresectable upper cervical (C1-2) chordoma.

Background: Chordoma is a rare, locally invasive neoplasm of the axial skeleton. Complete resection is often difficult, especially for the upper-cervical (C1-2) spine. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for unresectable C1-2 chordoma.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for oligo-metastatic liver metastases from breast cancer, as an effective and safe alternative to surgery: a review.

The liver is a common organ of metastases from most solid malignancies, including breast cancer, and breast cancer with liver metastases (BCLM) has a poor prognosis despite advances in systemic therapies. It has become widely recognized that local treatments for oligometastases with curative intent could improve disease control and survival outcomes under certain conditions. Regarding local therapy for BCLM, surgical resection had been the first choice though its indications were quite limited.

Linear accelerator-based stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of oligometastatic disease.

The present study reports the clinical outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for oligometastasis (OM) originating from various tumors. Between February 2012 and April 2017, 40 patients with unresectable OM were treated with SBRT. Of these patients, 92% showed a solitary nodal metastasis and the rest had up to three metastases.

Salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy for post-operative oligo-recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer: A single-institution analysis of 59 patients.

A standard treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo surgery, and subsequently develop local failure or intrathoracic oligo-recurrence, has not yet been established. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for this subgroup of patients. Consequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with NSCLC recurrence who were treated with SBRT, and previously underwent curative surgical resection between October 2011 and October 2016.

Standardization of imaging features for radiomics analysis.

Radiomics has the potential to provide tumor characteristics with noninvasive and repeatable way. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the standardization effect of imaging features for radiomics analysis. For this purpose, we prepared two CT databases ; one includes 40 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for whom tumor biopsies was performed before stereotactic body radiation therapy in The University of Tokyo Hospital, and the other includes 29 early-stage NSCLC datasets from the Cancer Imaging Archive.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for centrally-located lung tumors with 56 Gy in seven fractions: A retrospective study.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for centrally-located lung tumors remains a challenge because of the increased risk of treatment-related adverse events (AEs), and uncertainty around prescribing the optimal dose. The present study reported the results of central tumor SBRT with 56 Gy in 7 fractions (fr) at the University of Tokyo Hospital. A total of 35 cases that underwent SBRT with or without volumetric-modulated arc therapy consisting of 56 Gy/7 fr for central lung lesions between 2010 and 2016 at the University of Tokyo Hospital were reveiwed.

Flattening filter-free technique in volumetric modulated arc therapy for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy: A clinical comparison with the flattening filter technique.

The present study sought to evaluate the impact of the flattening filter-free (FFF) technique in volumetric modulated arc therapy for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy. Its clinical safety and availability were compared with the flattening filter (FF) method. The cases of 65 patients who underwent lung volumetric modulated arc therapy-stereotactic body radiotherapy (VMAT-SBRT) using FF or FFF techniques were reviewed.

Classification of early stage non-small cell lung cancers on computed tomographic images into histological types using radiomic features: interobserver delineation variability analysis.

Radiomics, which involves the extraction of large numbers of quantitative features from medical images, has attracted attention in cancer research. In radiomics analysis, tumor segmentation is a crucial step. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of radiomics for predicting the histology of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by analyzing interobserver variability in tumor delineation.

Examination of the predictive factors of the response to whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases from lung cancer using MRI.

Previous studies have been conducted on the prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with brain metastases (BMs) following whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). However, there have been a small number of studies regarding the prognostic factors for the response of tumor to WBRT. The aim of the present study was to identify the predictive factors for the response to WBRT from the point of view of reduction of tumor using magnetic resonance imaging.

Contribution of metals to brain MR signal intensity: review articles.

Various metals are essential nutrients in humans, and metal shortages lead to a variety of deficiency diseases. Metal concentration abnormalities may cause metal deposition in the brain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most potent and sensitive technique now available for detecting metal deposition given the difficulties associated with performing brain tissue biopsy. However, the brain contains many kinds of metals that affect the signal intensity of MRI, which has led to numerous misunderstandings in the history of metal analysis.

Qualitative Analysis of Preoperative High-Resolution Computed Tomography: Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications After Major Lung Resection.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications after major lung resection are strongly associated with mortality. Qualitative findings of emphysema, bronchiectasis, and bronchial wall thickening on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are indicators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and may serve as risk factors for pulmonary complications.

Methods: The subjects were 347 consecutive patients who underwent single lobectomy for pulmonary malignancy from May 2010 to December 2014.