Sunscreens: Updates on Sunscreen Filters and Formulations.

Background/purpose: Sunscreens are a critical component of photoprotection, shielding the skin from the harmful effects of solar radiation. However, current sunscreens have limitations, including insufficient filters with long-wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) and visible light (VL) coverage. This review briefly discusses the mechanisms of sunscreen filters, newly developed filters that improve broad-spectrum protection, and examines recent advances in sunscreen formulations that enhance efficacy.

Evidence-based consensus on the clinical application of photobiomodulation.

Background: There is a lack of evidence-based consensus to assist clinicians in using photobiomodulation (PBM).

Objective: To create a consensus on the safe and effective use of PBM.

Methods: A systematic literature review of Embase and MEDLINE was conducted in June 2022 to identify publications reporting research on PBM.

Photoprotection in pregnancy: addressing safety concerns and optimizing skin health.

Pregnancy is associated with physiological skin changes, altered response to UV exposure and increased risk of pigmentary disorders such as melasma and linea nigra, which can impact quality of life. This review explores the effects of photoprotection during pregnancy, focusing on safety, efficacy, and the role of sunscreens in preventing pregnancy-associated hyperpigmentation and UV-induced skin damage. Sunscreen use in pregnant women is generally low, despite evidence supporting the benefits of broad-spectrum sunscreens to mitigate pigmentation changes and prevent DNA damage from UV exposure.

Photodynamic Therapy: Overview and Mechanism of Action.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a versatile treatment with diverse applications in dermatology. PDT combines photosensitizers, most commonly 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), and a light source, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent bulbs, lasers, flash lamps, or sunlight, in the presence of molecular oxygen to induce therapeutic effects primarily through singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species generation. Downstream cellular and physiological effects include apoptosis, necrosis, and immune modulation.

Photodynamic Therapy: Clinical Applications in Dermatology.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment modality that uses photosensitizers in conjunction with a light source to induce therapeutic effects mediated in part through reactive oxygen species. PDT can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. In the United States, PDT is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of actinic keratoses and is utilized off-label for other dermatologic conditions.

Personalized Photoprotection: Expert Consensus and Recommendations From a Delphi Study Among Dermatologists.

Background: Recommending comprehensive personalized photoprotection requires an accurate assessment of the patient's skin, including phototype, lifestyle, exposure conditions, environmental factors, and concomitant cutaneous conditions as well as deep knowledge of the available options: sunscreen ingredients (type of filters, spectrum coverage, sun protection factor, enhanced active ingredients), oral photoprotection, and other methods of sun protection and avoidance.

Objectives: To establish consensus-based recommendations endorsed by an international panel of experts for personalized medical photoprotection recommendations that are applicable globally.

Methods: A two-round Delphi study was designed to determine the degree of agreement and relevance of aspects related to personalized medical photoprotection.

Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps.

Few studies discuss the co-management of vitiligo and acquired hyperpigmentation disorders (AHD) such as melasma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, and lichen planus pigmentosus. This review discusses clinical studies examining co-management strategies and identifies current practice gaps. Dermatology Life Quality Index scores are higher in individuals with vitiligo or melasma.

Long-term adverse event risks of oral JAK inhibitors versus immunomodulators: a literature review.

The long-term adverse event risks associated with oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors compared to broader immunomodulators are poorly understood, with limited comparative studies available. This study aims to assess the long-term adverse event risks of oral JAK inhibitors compared to broader immunomodulators in dermatology. A PubMed search included terms such as specific drug names and "adverse events," "long-term safety," "malignancy," "cardiovascular events," and/or "infections.

A diverse hidradenitis suppurativa cohort: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 13,130 patients from a large US health care system database from 1995 to 2022.

Background: Most epidemiological studies of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have described homogeneous patient populations.

Objective: To characterize demographics, modifiable health behaviors, and comorbidities of HS patients within a diverse cohort.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 13,130 HS patients within a health care system was conducted.