Electrosynthesis of Nitriles from Nitrate and Aldehyde via C≡N Bond Construction.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction offers a promising approach to synthesizing valuable organic nitrogen compounds via C-N coupling, serving as a pivotal solution to the pressing nitrate pollution issue. While significant progress has been made in electrosynthesizing C-N and C═N compounds, the electrosynthesis of nitriles with C≡N bond formation via NO as nitrogen sources remains challenging. Herein, we introduce a novel method for efficient synthesizing nitriles through electrocatalytic coupling of nitrate ions (NO) with aldehydes under ambient conditions, employing ZnO/Sn/SnO as the electrocatalyst.

Phosphorus-Doped Cu/FeO Electrocatalysts with Optimized Synergy between the Different Sites for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis.

Urea electrosynthesis from the coelectrolysis of CO and NO (UECN) has emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to traditional energy-intensive methods; however, the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts capable of achieving concurrent optimization of Faradaic efficiency (FE) and urea yield rates continues to pose a fundamental challenge in this field. Herein, we developed a phosphorus-doped Cu/FeO electrocatalyst (denoted as P-Cu/FeO), where phosphorus atoms partially substitute for oxygen atoms within the Cu/FeO heterostructure. This engineered electrocatalyst achieves exceptional urea electrosynthesis performance, delivering a very high Faradaic efficiency of 73.

Controllable construction of cobalt nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for photothermal CO methanation.

The development of non-noble metal catalysts for efficient CO methanation reaction under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. Herein, a non-noble metal catalyst, cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) encapsulated within the hollow channels of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@CN-700), was prepared by a pyrolysis-reduction strategy for photothermal CO methanation. Remarkably, the Co@CN-700 catalyst achieved a prominent CH production rate of 199.

Copper-Carbon Bond Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient and Stable CO Electrochemical Methanation.

Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) integrate the high tunability of molecular systems with the high activity of metal sites, making them promising electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CORR). To date, the primary challenge in the application of Cu-MOFs in electrocatalytic CORR is their poor stability during the reduction process. Herein, we pursue experimental and theoretical insights into Cu-C MOFs for the CORR for the first time.

Vitamin D, Homocysteine, and Thyroid Dysfunction as Risk Factors for Missed Abortion: A Retrospective Risk Factor Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify potential associations between missed abortion (MA) and risk factors, including low levels of vitamin D, high homocysteine, and abnormal thyroid function, among women undergoing early pregnancy assessments, thereby bridging the clinical knowledge gap regarding modifiable risk factors for MA.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed serum levels of vitamin D, (25-(OH)-D3), homocysteine (Hcy), and thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPOAb]) in 158 women who experienced missed abortion compared to 237 women with normal early pregnancy outcomes.

Results: MA patients had significantly lower vitamin D levels (P = 0.

Screening and identification of intestinal lipid-lowering probiotics and their effect on regulating lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.

Recent research shows intestinal microbiota is closely related to the host lipid metabolism. Discovering new lipid-lowering probiotic strains is important for effectively preventing obesity. In this study, five probiotic strains were identified among 108 strains screened from the fecal samples of healthy individuals (18.

Contact Load on the Current-Carrying Tribological Performance of Copper-Graphite Composites.

This study investigates the current-carrying tribological properties and wear mechanisms of copper-graphite composites under varying contact loads. Two copper-graphite composites with different graphite content were prepared using the pressure sintering method. Current-carrying tribological tests were conducted at three distinct contact loads.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzymatic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Sea Buckthorn ( L.) Pomace: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities.

Sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) is a rich source of flavonoid compounds with potential healthy properties. This study optimized ultrasonic-enzymatic-assisted extraction (UEAE) of flavonoids from SBP and investigated its chemical composition and biological activities. Under the optimal conditions (pectinase addition of 1500 U/g, ultrasonic power of 300 W, ethanol concentration of 48%, liquid-solid ratio of 34:1, extract temperature of 50 °C, and extraction time of 28 min), the yield of SBP flavonoid extracts (SBFEs) was 21.

Cathode-Induced C-H Bond Heterolysis for Olefin Isomerization and Applications in Electrocarboxylation.

Olefin isomerization can not only convert terminal olefins into higher-value internal olefins but also serve as a bridge to connect with the functionalization reaction. However, traditional isomerization methods, such as base-mediated and transition-metal-mediated approaches, still face challenges like harsh conditions, low / (/) ratios, unrecyclable metals, and industrial scalability. Herein, we report that the C-H bond could be activated at the cathode to form hydride ions (H) and carbon radicals, which could initiate olefin isomerization via a radical mechanism without base or metal catalyst assistance.

Selective Hydrogenation of Phenols to Cyclohexanones Over Hydrotalcite-Supported Pd Single-Atom Catalyst.

Cyclohexanones are widely used chemicals and currently produced by the oxidation of the fossil feedstocks. Direct selective hydrogenation of lignin derivatives has great potential for producing these chemicals, but is challenging to obtain high yields. Here, we report that hydrotalcite-supported Pd single-atom (Pd/CHT-800) catalyst enabled the hydrogenation of the benzene ring in the aromatics without the overreaction of carbonyl group, which could afford >99.

Effect of Ultrasound Combined with Plasma-Activated Water on Lethal and Sublethal Injury Against .

Plasma-activated water (PAW) treatment is a promising technique for food processing, but it causes sublethal injury (SI) to microorganisms. This study investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) combined with PAW (US-PAW) on SI of (). Results showed that, after plasma activation for 10 min and treatment for 10 min, the US-PAW treatment caused a 4.

Enhanced Intermediates Inter-migration on Ag Single-Atom Alloys for Boosting Multicarbon Product Selectivity in CO Electroreduction.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) to multicarbon (C) products holds immense significance in promoting a closed carbon cycle and solving global energy problems, but it faces challenges of unsatisfactory selectivity. In this work, we constructed an Ag single-atom alloy cascade catalyst (AgCu-SAA) using an epoxide gelation approach, which enhanced the utilization efficiency of the CO intermediate through an inter-migration pathway. As a result, the C products' Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 83.

Friction and Wear Performances and Mechanisms of Graphite/Copper Composites Under Electrical Contact in Marine Environments.

Marine environment-induced apparatus failures have led to substantial losses in marine engineering. Graphite/copper composites, known for their excellent electrical conductivity and wear resistance, are extensively utilized in various electric contact devices. However, research on the current-carrying friction and wear behavior of graphite/copper composites in marine environments is still limited.

Tuning Multi-Active Sites in Cu Catalyst via Ag/Ni Doping for Enhanced CO Electroreduction to C Products.

Electrochemical CO reduction (ECR) to C products is a promising sustainable carbon conversion pathway, yet simultaneously achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and current density remains a challenge. Herein, we found that creating Cu-Ag-Ni multi-metal sites could effectively modulate the adsorption energies of *H and *CO on the catalyst surface, thereby achieving highly efficient ECR to synthesize C products. In situ measurements coupling theoretical calculations indicated that by systematically altering the spatial arrangement and distribution of active sites in Cu-Ag-Ni catalysts, the electronic structure and the local *CO coverage on the Cu surface could be tuned, consequently steering the ECR to C pathway.

Beyond Isotopic Labeling: Expanding the Reach of Protein-Detect NMR in Lead Discovery.

Biophysical confirmation of the binding of small molecules to protein targets plays a critical role in lead discovery campaigns. While protein-detect NMR can provide binding confirmation over a range of affinities, it is especially useful, as opposed to other biophysical methods, for ligands which bind weakly to their protein targets, as is often the case early in the lead discovery process. However, the NMR approach, in its most robust form, requires the isotopic labeling of the protein, thus limiting its overall utility.

PGRN knockdown alleviates pulmonary fibrosis regulating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious, chronic, and progressive disease with increased collagen deposition and the collapse of lung structures. Currently, the antifibrotic drugs for PF treatment, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been proven to reduce the decline of pulmonary function in PF, but both have side effects, and to date, there is no significantly effective treatment to halt the progression of PF. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of pregranuloprotein (PGRN) in pulmonary fibrosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Identification of genetic variants of the gene in association with COPD susceptibility.

Background: Although existing studies have identified some genetic loci associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility, many variants remain to be discovered. The aim of this study was to further explore the potential relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and COPD risk.

Methods: Nine hundred and ninety-six subjects were recruited (498 COPD cases and 498 healthy controls).

Characterization of the complete plastid genome of (Amaryllidaceae).

Rourke 2002 is an evergreen herbaceous flower with high ornamental value. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of and reported it for the first time. The cp genome was 158,914 base pairs (bp) in total length, including two inverted repeats (IRs, 27,052 bp), separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 86,519 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,291 bp).

Impact of IL13 genetic polymorphisms on COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Interleukin-13 (IL13), associated with T-helper type 2 cells, plays a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL13 to COPD risk.

Production of Branched Alkanes by Upcycling of Waste Polyethylene over Controlled Acid Sites of SO/ZrO-AlO Catalyst.

Branched alkanes, which enhance the octane number of gasoline, can be produced from waste polyethylene. However, achieving highly selective production of branched alkanes presents a significant challenge in the upcycling of waste polyethylene. Here, we report a one-pot process to convert polyethylene into gasoline-range hydrocarbons (C-C) with yield of 73.

Screening the Best Risk Model and Susceptibility SNPs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Based on Machine Learning Algorithms.

Background And Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and progressive disease that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and genetic factors are important determinants of COPD. This study focuses on screening the best predictive models for assessing COPD-associated SNPs and then using the best models to predict potential risk factors for COPD.

Methods: Healthy subjects (n=290) and COPD patients (n=233) were included in this study, the Agena MassARRAY platform was applied to genotype the subjects for SNPs.

Coupling CO Electroreduction to CO with alkyne Alkoxycarbonylation.

The alkyne alkoxycarbonylation to α- or β-substituted acrylates was coupled with the electrocatalytic reduction of CO to CO. The CO-enriched gaseous mixture produced from the electrocatalytic reduction of CO was collected and directly used in the alkyne alkoxycarbonylation. The CO content was found to be critical to the process of carbonylation, and satisfying results were attained by using the gas mixture containing >15 vol % CO.

Thermally-Stable Single-Site Pd on CeO Catalyst for Selective Amination of Phenols to Aromatic Amines without External Hydrogen.

Developing a new route to produce aromatic amines as key chemicals from renewable phenols is a benign alternative to current fossil-based routes like nitroaromatic hydrogenation, but is challenging because of the high dissociation energy of the Ar-OH bond and difficulty in controlling side reactions. Herein, an aerosolizing-pyrolysis strategy was developed to prepare high-density single-site cationic Pd species immobilized on CeO (Pd/CeO) with excellent sintering resistance. The obtained Pd/CeO catalysts achieved remarkable selectivity of important aromatic amines (yield up to 76.

Multivalent Cu sites synergistically adjust carbonaceous intermediates adsorption for electrocatalytic ethanol production.

Copper (Cu)-based catalysts show promise for electrocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) to multi-carbon alcohols, but thermodynamic constraints lead to competitive hydrocarbon (e.g., ethylene) production.

Atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts for tandem synthesis of primary benzylamines from oxidized β-O-4 segments.

This work presents an innovative approach focusing on fine-tuning the coordination environment of atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts for tandem synthesis of primary benzylamines from oxidized lignin model compounds. By meticulously regulating the Co-N coordination environment, the activity of these catalysts in the hydrogenolysis and reductive amination reactions was effectively controlled. Notably, our study demonstrates that, in contrast to cobalt nanoparticle catalysts, atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts exhibit precise control of the sequence of hydrogenolysis and reductive amination reactions.