A Deep-Learning-Based Diffusion Tensor Imaging Pathological Auto-Analysis Method for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Pathological conditions of the spinal cord have been found to be associated with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). This study aims to explore the feasibility of automatic deep-learning-based classification of the pathological condition of the spinal cord to quantify its severity. A Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-based spinal cord pathological assessment method was proposed.

Sex-biased transcriptome in in vitro produced bovine early embryos.

Background: Morphologic sex differences between males and females typically emerge after the primordial germ cell migration and gonad formation, although sex is determined at fertilization based on chromosome composition. A key debated sexual difference is the embryonic developmental rate, with in vitro produced male embryos often developing faster. However, the molecular mechanisms driving early embryonic sex differences remain unclear.

Deep Learning Spinal Cord Segmentation Based on B0 Reference for Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a crucial imaging technique for accurately assessing pathological changes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM). However, the segmentation of spinal cord DTI images primarily relies on manual methods, which are labor-intensive and heavily dependent on the subjective experience of clinicians, and existing research on DTI automatic segmentation cannot fully satisfy clinical requirements. Thus, this poses significant challenges for DTI-assisted diagnostic decision-making.

Heat stress and recovery induce transcriptomic changes in lactogenic-like bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells.

Heat stress (HS) in cattle significantly challenges the dairy industry by reducing milk production. However, the molecular mechanism behind mammary gland responses to HS and recovery remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the transcriptomic changes in lactogenic-like bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells after HS and post-HS recovery.

Development of a CRISPR/Cas13a-based electrochemiluminescence biosensing strategy for sensitive detection of α-synuclein oligomers in neurodegenerative diseases.

In this study, we report a highly sensitive CRISPR/Cas13a-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for detecting α-synuclein oligomers, early biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. The system integrates aptamer recognition, T7 transcription, CRISPR/Cas13a cleavage, and EXPAR amplification. α-Synuclein binding triggers the release of the T7 promoter, leading to RNA production that activates Cas13a, initiating collateral cleavage and EXPAR, generating double-stranded DNA that interacts with [Ru(phen)₂dppz] to produce a measurable ECL signal.

The TOR Signaling Pathway Governs Fungal Development, Virulence and Ustiloxin Biosynthesis in .

is an economically important plant pathogen that causes rice false smut, which causes yield reduction and produces mycotoxins in infected grains that pose a serious threat to human and animal health. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway acts as a master regular in regulating cell growth and secondary metabolism in fungi. However, little is known about the function of the TOR pathway in regulating fungal development, pathogenicity and mycotoxin biosynthesis in .

Defense-Related Enzyme Activities and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal Differentially Accumulated Metabolites and Response Pathways for Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice.

Rice sheath blight (RSB), caused by the pathogenic fungus , poses a significant threat to global food security. The defense mechanisms employed by rice against RSB are not well understood. In our study, we analyzed the interactions between rice and by comparing the phenotypic changes, ROS content, and metabolite variations in both tolerant and susceptible rice varieties during the early stages of fungal infection.

Hallmarks of aging: A user's guide for comparative biologists.

Since the first description of a set of characteristics of aging as so-called hallmarks or pillars in 2013/2014, these characteristics have served as guideposts for the research in aging biology. They have been examined in a range of contexts, across tissues, in response to disease conditions or environmental factors, and served as a benchmark for various anti-aging interventions. While the hallmarks of aging were intended to capture generalizable characteristics of aging, they are derived mostly from studies of rodents and humans.

Hsa_circ_0000423 promotes colorectal cancer EMT and immune escape by competitive adsorption of miR-369-3p mediating CCND1 expression.

Background: This investigation evaluated the mechanism of hsa_circ_0000423 in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: The hsa_circ_0000423 gene was identified by bioinformatics analyses of GEO circRNA microarrays, and its expression in CRC was investigated. Based on this, in vitro experiments were conducted.

Evidence of Cuticle Chemicals of (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Larvae Influencing the Aggregation Behavior of Conspecific Larvae.

(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a severe pest of plants, which produce high-priced agarwood. The larval stage of this pest is gregarious, usually forming large aggregates during young instars and becoming solitary during the fifth instar. We hypothesize that the cuticle chemicals of young-instar larvae could promote larval aggregating, whereas the cuticle chemicals of late-instar larvae would no longer attract young-instar larvae.

Positive effect of microvascular proliferation on functional recovery in experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background And Purpose: Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM), the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction globally, is a degenerative disease that results in non-violent, gradual, and long-lasting compression of the cervical spinal cord. The objective of this study was to investigate whether microvascular proliferation could positively affect neural function recovery in experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods: A total of 60 male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) were randomly divided into four groups: Control (CON), Compression (COM), Angiostasis (AS), and Angiogenesis (A G),with 15 rats in each group.

Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars under panicle blast infection based on defense-related enzyme activities and metabolomics.

Rice blast, caused by rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae), is a global threat to food security, with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a severe form of rice blast, and disease responses vary between cultivars with different genotypes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling reactions and the phenylpropanoid pathway are important defense mechanisms involved in recognizing and resisting against fungal infection.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of bovine mesenchymal stromal cells reveals tissue-source and species-specific differences.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to be used as therapeutics, but their efficacy varies due to cellular heterogeneity, which is not fully understood. After characterizing donor-matched bovine MSC from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM), and peripheral blood (PB), we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to evaluate overarching similarities and differences across these three tissue-derived MSCs. Next, the transcriptomic profiles of the bovine MSCs were compared to those of equine MSCs, derived from the same tissue sources and previously published by our group, and revealed species-specific differences.

Comparison of Transcriptome between Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Cultivar Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of Response to in Rice.

Rice ( L.) is one of the world's most crucial food crops, as it currently supports more than half of the world's population. However, the presence of sheath blight (SB) caused by has become a significant issue for rice agriculture.

PacBio full-length transcriptome analysis provides new insights into transcription of chloroplast genomes.

Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA (cpDNA and mtDNA) are apart from nuclear DNA (nuDNA) in a eukaryotic cell. The transcription system of chloroplasts differs from those of mitochondria and eukaryotes. In contrast to nuDNA and animal mtDNA, the transcription of cpDNA is still not well understood, primarily due to the unresolved identification of transcription initiation sites (TISs) and transcription termination sites (TTSs) on the genome scale.

Comparative metabolomic profiling reveals molecular mechanisms underlying growth promotion and disease resistance in wheat conferred by in the field.

, a plant root-colonizing basidiomycete fungus, exhibits strong growth-promoting activity in symbiosis with a broad range of plants. Here, we report the potential of to improve growth, yield, and disease resistance in wheat in the field. In the present study, successfully colonized wheat through chlamydospores and formed dense mycelial networks that covered roots.

Multiomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence in Rhizoctonia and jasmonic acid-mediated resistance in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum).

Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA.

Deep Learning-Based Auto-Segmentation of Spinal Cord Internal Structure of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a chronic disorder of the spinal cord. ROI-based features on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provide additional information about spinal cord status, which would benefit the diagnosis and prognosis of CSM. However, the manual extraction of the DTI-related features on multiple ROIs is time-consuming and laborious.

Neurovascular Unit Compensation from Adjacent Level May Contribute to Spontaneous Functional Recovery in Experimental Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

The progression and remission of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) are quite unpredictable due to the ambiguous pathomechanisms. Spontaneous functional recovery (SFR) has been commonly implicated in the natural course of incomplete acute spinal cord injury (SCI), while the evidence and underlying pathomechanisms of neurovascular unit (NVU) compensation involved in SFR remains poorly understood in CSM. In this study, we investigate whether compensatory change of NVU, in particular in the adjacent level of the compressive epicenter, is involved in the natural course of SFR, using an established experimental CSM model.

Ultrastructural destruction of neurovascular unit in experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background And Purpose: The pathogenesis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the ultrastructural pathology of neurovascular unit (NVU) during natural development of CSM.

Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly allocated to the control group and the CSM group.

Different Time-Frequency Distribution Patterns of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Dual- and Single-Level Spinal Cord Compression.

Among patients with cervical myelopathy, the most common level of stenosis at spinal cord of all ages was reported to be between cervical levels C5-6. Previous studies found that time-frequency components (TFCs) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) possess location information of spinal cord injury (SCI) in single-level deficits in the spinal cord. However, the clinical reality is that there are multiple compressions at multiple spinal cord segments.