Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the miR-20a-5p/XIAP axis.

Objective: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), with a focus on NBP's underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods: A CIRI rat model was established, followed by treatment with NBP with/without microRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) mimic or negative control. Neurological deficits, brain infarct size, and histopathological changes were assessed.

Cavitation-vibration coupling mechanism in ultrasonic guidewire vascular ablation.

Effective treatment of diverse vascular occlusions requires precise energy delivery and tissue-specific ablation strategies. This study systematically investigates the coupled mechanical vibration and cavitation mechanisms of a novel flexible ultrasonic guidewire during ablation of calcified, lipid-rich, and thrombotic occlusion mimics. Integrating numerical simulations and experimental validation, this work elucidates the dynamic interplay between ultrasonic parameters and tissue-specific ablation outcomes.

Real-time fine finger motion decoding for transradial amputees with surface electromyography.

Advancements in human-machine interfaces (HMIs) are pivotal for enhancing rehabilitation technologies and improving the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This paper presents a novel CNN-Transformer model for decoding continuous fine finger motions from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals by integrating the convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer architecture, focusing on applications for transradial amputees. This model leverages the strengths of both convolutional and Transformer architectures to effectively capture both local muscle activation patterns and global temporal dependencies within sEMG signals.

Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens.

Chronic ophthalmic diseases are multivariate, time-varying, and degenerative. Smart contact lenses have emerged as a scalable platform for noninvasive ocular signal detection and disease diagnosis. However, real-time monitoring and decoupling of multiple ocular parameters, particularly when the eyes are closed, remain challenging in clinical medicine.

Integrated Thermoelectric Generation System for Sustainable All-Day Power Supply Based on Solar Energy and Radiative Cooling.

Thermoelectric generators have a promising application in the field of sustainable energy due to their ability to utilize low-grade waste heat and their high reliability. The sun radiates a large amount of energy to the earth, yet most of which is wasted. Efficient utilization of solar energy can be achieved by integrating a solar absorber, phase change material, and Fresnel lens with thermoelectric generators.

Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming.

Empowering the reconfigurable metasurfaces (RM) with the capability to be mechanically deformable highlights the possibility to manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave across arbitrary surfaces. Such ambition is hampered by the absence of adaptivity to shape variation in current programming strategies for RM. Herein, we present a flexible intelligent surface platform (FISP) as a solution to achieve flexible RM with highly stable performance under dynamic deformation.

Origin of Nonlinear Circular Photocurrent in 2D Semiconductor MoS_{2}.

Nonlinear photogalvanic effects in two-dimensional materials, particularly the nonlinear circular photocurrents (NCPs) that belong to the helicity-dependent spin photocurrents, have sparked enormous research interest. Although notable progress has been witnessed, the underling origin of NCPs remains elusive. Here, we present systematic photocurrent characteristics, symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations to uncover the physical origin of NCPs in MoS_{2}, a prototypical 2D semiconductor.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition couples with cell cycle arrest at various stages.

Numerous computational approaches have been developed to infer cell state transition trajectories from snapshot single-cell data. Most approaches first require projecting high-dimensional data onto a low-dimensional representation, raising the question of whether the dynamics of the system become distorted. Using epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a test system, we show that both biology-guided low-dimensional representations and stochastic trajectory simulations in high-dimensional state space, not representations obtained with dimension-reduction methods, reveal multiple distinct paths of TGF-β-induced EMT.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrahepatic signature related to pathobiology of duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) infection.

DHAV-3 is one of the main causative agents of duck viral hepatitis (DVH), an acute and highly lethal infectious disease in duck industry. However, the understanding of the pathogenesis of this virus in ducklings is limited. To dissect the molecular characteristics associated with pathobiology of ducklings to DHAV-3, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing approach to profile the transcriptome of 1.

Integration of Flexible Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered Sensor Applications.

Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) can continuously harvest energy from the environment or the human body to supply wearable electronic devices, which should be a clean energy solution and provide an opportunity to satisfy the increasing power consumption of multimodal sensing and data transmission in wearable electronic devices. Here, the 64-pair FTEG was fabricated by introducing the plated through-hole and heterotypic electrode structures to optimize the thermal transport, showing the largely improved output power of 4.1 mW and record-high power density of 312 μW cm at a given ambient temperature of 15 °C inside a measurement equipment.

miR-449, identified through antiandrogen exposure, mitigates functional biomarkers associated with ovarian cancer risk.

The involvement of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway in developing epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly acknowledged. However, the specific mechanisms by which anti-androgen agents, such as flutamide, may prevent ovarian cancer and their efficacy remain unknown. This study was initiated by investigating the impact of flutamide on miRNA expression in women at high risk (HR) for ovarian cancer.

Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.

Conflicting clinical trial results on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) have prompted uncertainty about their cardioprotective effects. While the VITAL trial found no overall cardiovascular benefit from n-3 HUFA supplementation, its substantial African American (AfAm) enrollment provided a unique opportunity to explore racial differences in response to n-3 HUFA supplementation. The current observational study aimed to simulate randomized clinical trial (RCT) conditions by matching 3766 AfAm and 15,553 non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals from the VITAL trial utilizing propensity score matching to address the limitations related to differences in confounding variables between the two groups.

Confined antiskyrmion motion driven by electric current excitations.

Current-driven dynamics of topological spin textures, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, have garnered considerable attention in condensed matter physics and spintronics. As compared with skyrmions, the current-driven dynamics of their antiparticles - antiskyrmions - remain less explored due to the increased complexity of antiskyrmions. Here, we design and employ fabricated microdevices of a prototypical antiskyrmion host, (FeNiPd)P, to allow in situ current application with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy observations.

Quiescence-Origin Senescence: A New Paradigm in Cellular Aging.

Cellular senescence, traditionally viewed as a consequence of proliferating and growing cells overwhelmed by extensive stresses and damage, has long been recognized as a critical cellular aging mechanism. Recent research, however, has revealed a novel pathway termed "quiescence-origin senescence", where cells directly transition into senescence from the quiescent state, bypassing cell proliferation and growth. This opinion paper presents a framework conceptualizing a continuum between quiescence and senescence with quiescence deepening as a precursor to senescence entry.

Identification of an Allele-Specific Transcription Factor Binding Interaction that May Regulate PLA2G2A Gene Expression.

The secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) isoform, sPLA-IIA, has been implicated in a variety of diseases and conditions, including bacteremia, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and certain cancers. Given its significant role in these conditions, understanding the regulatory mechanisms impacting its levels is crucial. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs11573156, that are associated with circulating levels of sPLA-IIA.

Modeling the Depth of Cellular Dormancy from RNA-Sequencing Data.

High-throughput transcriptome RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for understanding dynamic biological processes. Here, we present a computational framework, implemented in an R package QDSWorkflow, to characterize heterogeneous cellular dormancy depth using RNA-sequencing data from bulk samples and single cells.

Scalable Fabrication of Large-Scale, 3D, and Stretchable Circuits.

Stretchable electronics have demonstrated excellent potential in wearable healthcare and conformal integration. Achieving the scalable fabrication of stretchable devices with high functional density is the cornerstone to enable the practical applications of stretchable electronics. Here, a comprehensive methodology for realizing large-scale, 3D, and stretchable circuits (3D-LSC) is reported.

Flexible self-powered bioelectronics enables personalized health management from diagnosis to therapy.

Flexible self-powered bioelectronics (FSPBs), incorporating flexible electronic features in biomedical applications, have revolutionized the human-machine interface since they hold the potential to offer natural and seamless human interactions while overcoming the limitations of battery-dependent power sources. Furthermore, as biosensors or actuators, FSPBs can dynamically monitor physiological signals to reveal real-time health abnormalities and provide timely and precise treatments. Therefore, FSPBs are increasingly shaping the landscape of health monitoring and disease treatment, weaving a sophisticated and personalized bond between humans and health management.

Biomimetic Ultrasonic Vibrator with Broadband Characteristics Inspired by Leaf-Cutting Ants.

Power ultrasound is widely used in industrial production, medical equipment, aerospace, and other fields. Currently, there are two main types of commonly used power generation devices: piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers and magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducers. However, in certain situations with limited external dimensions, the applications of existing power ultrasound devices are limited.

Temporal associations of plasma levels of the secreted phospholipase A family and mortality in severe COVID-19.

Previous research suggests that group IIA-secreted phospholipase A (sPLA-IIA) plays a role in and predicts lethal COVID-19 disease. The current study reanalyzed a longitudinal proteomic data set to determine the temporal relationship between levels of several members of a family of sPLA isoforms and the severity of COVID-19 in 214 ICU patients. The levels of six secreted PLA isoforms, sPLA-IIA, sPLA-V, sPLA-X, sPLA-IB, sPLA-IIC, and sPLA-XVI, increased over the first 7 ICU days in those who succumbed to the disease but attenuated over the same time period in survivors.

Antiandrogen Flutamide-Induced Restoration of miR-449 Expression Mitigates Functional Biomarkers Associated with Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Background: The involvement of the androgen and androgen receptor (AR) pathway in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly recognized. However, the specific mechanisms by which anti-androgen agents, such as flutamide, may prevent ovarian cancer and their efficacy remain unknown. We examined the effects of flutamide on the miRNA expression profile found in women at high risk (HR) for ovarian cancer.

Flexible Antibacterial Respiratory Monitoring Sensor Based on Controllable Au-Modified Surface of Highly {001} Preferred Anatase Titanium Dioxide Thin Film.

Respiratory signals are critical clinical diagnostic criteria for respiratory diseases and health conditions, and respiratory sensors play a crucial role in achieving the desired respiratory monitoring effect. High sensitivity to a single factor can improve the reliability of respiratory monitoring, and maintaining the hygiene of the sensors is also important for daily health monitoring. Herein, we propose a flexible Au-modified anatase titanium dioxide resistive respiratory sensor, which can be mechanically compliantly attached to curved surfaces for respiratory monitoring in different modalities (i.