PM2.5 induces ferroptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases the GSK-3β/NRF2 pathway.

Recent studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a key harmful risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and PM2.5-associated ferroptosis plays an important role during the process of airway oxidative stress.

Preparation of silica carriers with cocklebur-like structure by flash nanoprecipitation for enhanced foliar affinity and responsive pesticide delivery.

Background: Designing nanocarriers with specific biomimetic topological structures to enhance the frictional interaction of pesticides on the target plant leaves is an effective strategy to improve pesticide retention and utilization on plant foliage. However, complex and discontinuous nanocarrier preparation processes limit their large-scale production.

Results: Herein, we have successfully synthesized the uniform cocklebur-like silica nanoparticles (CSNs) using the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) technique.

Pathogenic Cell in COPD: Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling, Immune Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications.

The pathological alterations in COPD cells represent adaptive responses to COPD lesions, focusing on three primary pathological changes: abnormal repair and tissue remodeling, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and inflammatory amplification alongside immune disorder. These alterations ultimately result in a detrimental cycle of lung parenchymal destruction and airway structural remodeling. COPD manifests with diverse pathological phenotypes, pronounced heterogeneity, and a convoluted evolution process.

Elevated MMP-9 Is Associated With Accelerated Lung Function Decline and COPD Development: A Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomisation Analysis.

Background And Objective: The imbalance in proteases/antiproteases caused by inflammation contributes to COPD, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play an important role. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of MMP-9 with respiratory health outcomes.

Methods: This study was conducted in two parts.

Sharp Rise In Urban Hospitals With Rural Status In Medicare, 2017-23.

In 2016, in response to two federal court decisions, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began allowing geographically urban hospitals to be dually classified as both rural and urban simultaneously. This dual classification enables hospitals to use urban wage indexes for calculating Medicare reimbursements, while also benefiting from Medicare policies solely intended to support rural health. Using Medicare cost reports and impact files, we documented a substantial increase in administratively rural hospitals in the US, driven by the dual classification of existing hospitals located in urban areas, which rose from 3 in 2017 to 425 in 2023, with prevalence varying by state.

PACAP inhibits high fat-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells by regulating the SIRT1/ROS pathway.

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity leads endothelial dysfunction and contributes to cardiovascular diseases. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis plays a key role in endothelial injury induced by HFD. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide belonging to the secretin family, has demonstrated diverse beneficial effects.

ZNF468/AURKA/PI3K/AKT Positive Feedback Loop Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

While prior research linked ZNF468 to radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), its broader role in ESCC progression remained unclear. This study elucidates these functions and underlying mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry on clinical ESCC tissues demonstrated ZNF468 upregulation, which correlated with unfavourable patient outcomes and increased Aurora A expression.

The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in special schools and blind schools in Shanxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness among students in special education schools (serving children with disabilities, including intellectual disabilities) and blind schools (for students with blindness or visual impairment) in Shanxi Province, China. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted across nine special education schools and two blind schools in Shanxi Province from March to September 2018. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity (VA) assessment using Lea Symbols or Cardiff Cards, refraction testing, and anterior/posterior segment evaluations.

Integration of metabolic and transcriptomic analyses for revealing the galactose metabolism of tobacco () under salt stress.

Background: Soil salinization poses a global threat to agriculture, necessitating strategies to enhance plant salt stress tolerance. Understanding the metabolic and transcriptomic responses of tobacco plants to salt stress is crucial for developing such strategies.

Results: This study identified 238 up-regulated and 122 down-regulated metabolites in tobacco plants under long-term salt stress.

Long Noncoding RNA Interleukin 6 Antisense RNA 1 Promotes Inflammatory Effects in Lung Macrophages via Exosomes Through the S100A9/TLR4 Pathway in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression.

This study investigates the role of interleukin 6 antisense RNA 1 (), a highly expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to induce the expression of in mice, and they were exposed to cigarette smoke to establish a COPD model. -overexpressing mice exposed to cigarette smoke demonstrated exacerbated COPD-like pathologies.

Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with miR-141-3p Regulate Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance by Targeting Glycogen Synthesis and Gluconeogenesis.

Purpose: Insulin resistance, a hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, is critically influenced by liver-adipose tissue crosstalk, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for its management. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from adipose tissue serve as essential carriers of miRNA-mediated interorgan communication. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived EVs on obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which EV-mediated signaling contributes to metabolic dysfunction.

Prox1 Protein in Corneal Limbal Lymphatic Vessels Maintains Limbal Stem Cell Stemness and Regulates Corneal Injury Repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of the corneal lymphatic Prox1 gene in modulating limbal stem cell stemness and facilitating corneal injury repair.

Methods: The limbal Prox1 gene was knocked down by adeno-associated virus (AAV). The alkali burn model was induced in the naive group, the AAV-sham group, and the AAV-shProx1 group.

Qualitative and Comparative Study of APORT Apple Peel Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Technology and Fruit Peel Comparison of Different Provenances.

Objective: This study aimed to qualitatively study the main chemical components of apple peel in APORT, Kazakhstan, by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and to compare the components of apple peels with different provenances.

Methods: An ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.

Bias-Free Solar-Driven Ammonia Coupled to C-Dihydroxyacetone Production through Photoelectrochemistry.

Conversion of solar energy into value-added chemicals through photoelectrochemistry (PEC) holds great potential for advancing sustainable development but limits by high onset potential which affects energy conversion efficiencies. Herein, we utilized a CuPd cocatalyst-modified Sb(S,Se) photocathode (CuPd/TSSS) to achieve an ultra-low onset potential of 0.83 V for photoelectrochemical ammonia synthesis.

ALBA3 maintains male fertility under heat stress in plants.

Heat stress (HS) at the reproductive stage detrimentally affects crop yields and seed quality. However, the molecular mechanisms that protect reproductive processes in plants under HS remain largely unknown. Here, we report that Acetylation Lowers Binding Affinity 3 (ALBA3) is crucial for safeguarding male fertility against HS in Arabidopsis.

A STING agonist prodrug reprograms tumor-associated macrophage to boost colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in colorectal cancer (CRC), correlating with immunosuppression and disease progression. Activation of the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway in TAMs offers a promising approach for CRC therapy. However, current STING agonists face challenges related to tumor specificity and administration routes.

Clinical applications of exosomes in cosmetic dermatology.

Introduction: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that transport bioactive substances during normal and abnormal cellular physiological processes. The unique properties of exosomes can be exploited for use as biomarkers and targeted drug delivery vehicles, and are, for this reason, gaining increasing attention in the field of dermatology. This review aims to synthesise the existing evidence supporting exosomes in regenerative and cosmetic dermatology.