Pathogenic Cell in COPD: Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling, Immune Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications.

The pathological alterations in COPD cells represent adaptive responses to COPD lesions, focusing on three primary pathological changes: abnormal repair and tissue remodeling, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and inflammatory amplification alongside immune disorder. These alterations ultimately result in a detrimental cycle of lung parenchymal destruction and airway structural remodeling. COPD manifests with diverse pathological phenotypes, pronounced heterogeneity, and a convoluted evolution process.

Endovascular Therapy for Supra-aortic Artery Stenosis Caused by Takayasu's Arteritis: Long Term Results.

Objective: Management of supra-aortic artery stenosis caused by Takayasu's arteritis (SAASTA) via endovascular therapy remains an unresolved issue in clinical practice. This study investigated the peri-operative and long term outcomes of endovascular therapy in patients with SAASTA.

Methods: From January 2002 to December 2021, 219 consecutive patients with symptomatic SAASTA undergoing endovascular therapy were enrolled in this study.

Antecubital versus femoral approach for adrenal venous sampling in the patients with primary aldosteronism: a randomized controlled trial.

Importance: Femoral vein access used to be the traditional approach for adrenal venous sampling (AVS) procedures, whereas antecubital vein access is the newly developed approach. Until now, no randomized trial for comparison of two approaches has been carried out.

Objective: To compare the success rate, safety, and procedural parameters of AVS via an antecubital approach versus femoral approach.

Comparison of three approaches for adrenal venous sampling in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Purpose: To compare the feasibility and safety of three approaches for bilateral adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and their influence on the outcomes of adrenalectomy for dominant lateral primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods: 182 PA patients who underwent AVS at Fuwai Hospital between January 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled. According to the puncture access, patients were divided into three groups: simultaneous AVS via antecubital approach group (Group A, N = 48), simultaneous AVS via femoral approach group (Group B, N = 44) and sequential AVS via antecubital approach group (Group C, N = 90).

Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio Changes in Patients With Renal Artery Stenosis and Aldosteronism.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate changes in the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) and other influencing factors in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Patients with RAS and PA admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively selected. Based on the standardized PA screening results, the patients were divided into aldosterone-to-renin ratio-positive and -negative groups.

Diverse pharmacological activities of β-carbolines: Substitution patterns, SARs and mechanisms of action.

β-Carbolines, a class of indole-containing heterocyclic alkaloids, are widely distributed in nature and possess diverse bioactivities, making them promising drug candidates against a wide range of diseases. The remarkable medicinal potential of β-carbolines has spurred the pharmaceutical research community to study their derivatives extensively. This review updates the development of β-carboline derivatives in recent years (2015-2024), particularly with a focus on their anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties, based on the modification approaches such as substitution on indole N (ring B), pyridine or its reduced forms (ring C), and dimerization of β-carbolines.

Machine learning model predicts airway stenosis requiring clinical intervention in patients after lung transplantation: a retrospective case-controlled study.

Background: Patients with airway stenosis (AS) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aims to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict AS requiring clinical intervention in patients after LTx.

Methods: Patients who underwent LTx between January 2017 and December 2019 were reviewed.

Clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment of juxtaglomerular cell tumors: a systemic review.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JGCTs) or reninoma are rare kidney tumors leading to secondary hypertension, and the non-specific clinical manifestations bring about challenges to the diagnosis. This study is to summarize the clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment of JGCTs. The PubMed, EMBASE database, and manual search were utilized to find all cases, and 158 reports containing 261 patients were identified.

Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Optimized Referral and Listing Based on an Evolving Disease Concept.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was once a devastating and fatal disease entity, the outlook of which has been significantly improved by the continued progress of medical treatment algorithms. However, some patients still ultimately fail to achieve an adequate clinical response despite receiving maximal medical treatment. Historically, lung transplantation (LTx) has been the only effective therapeutic option that could lead to satisfactory outcomes and save these advanced patients' lives.

Adrenal Venous Sampling Via an Antecubital Approach in Primary Aldosteronism: A Multicenter Study.

Context: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the gold standard for differentiating unilateral and bilateral forms of primary aldosteronism. Currently, almost all AVS procedures are performed via femoral vein access.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and safety of AVS via an antecubital approach.

A novel web-based dynamic nomogram for recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are liable to develop recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis (LNM). We aimed to assess the predictive value of the long diameter (LD) and short diameter (SD) of RLN lymph node (LN) and construct a web-based dynamic nomogram for RLN LNM prediction.

Methods: We reviewed 186 ESCC patients who underwent RLN LN dissection from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Chongqing China.

To study in-depth the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia resulting from COVID-19 and provide evidence for effective public health decisions. This was a retrospective, single-center research study. Participants were enrolled from patients presenting at the Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center from Jan 24 to Feb 7, 2020, and were confirmed as having COVID-19.

Optical limiting effect of C solution at 1064 nm.

In this paper, we investigate the optical limiting effect of C solution at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We experimentally measured the transmittance of C solution under three different concentrations (0.25, 0.

Z-scan measurements of nonlinear refraction and absorption for aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin film.

In this paper, we investigate third-order nonlinearities in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin film by the Z-scan method at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We carried out experiments under different pulse widths (26 ns, 62 ns, and 101 ns) and energy densities (5.3  J/cm, 10.