Retinoid X receptor γ interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ to promote browning during adipose tissue differentiation.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global public health challenges. Activating thermogenic adipose tissues, such as brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue, could be a promising strategy to combat obesity and consequently obesity-related diabetes. Both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) play significant roles in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation.

Exploring the aerobic stability, antioxidant and microbial community of Broussonetia papyrifera ensiled with ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in combination with cellulase and/or xylanase.

Background: Ferulic acid possesses certain antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Additionally, ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and cellulolytic enzymes have been associated with synergistic degradation of ferulic acid ester bonds, thereby facilitating greater release of ferulic acid from lignocellulose, which could have important effects on silage quality and aerobic stability.

Methods: This study examined the effects of ensiling Broussonetia papyrifera with FAE-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), cellulase (CE) and xylanase (XY) under aerobic exposure conditions.

Waterlogging-induced restructuring of phyllosphere microbiota associated with mycotoxin accumulation.

As waterlogging events intensify and become more frequent in the future, understanding their impact on plant physiology and associated microbes is crucial for alleviating stress in vulnerable species and ecosystems. Despite its importance, our understanding of how phyllosphere microbiota react to waterlogging stress remains limited. This study utilized metagenomic sequencing to assess the effects of waterlogging on microbial diversity and functional activities in different tissues of the maize phyllosphere, focusing specifically on leaves and ears.

The disease burden of gout in Asian countries and regions from 1990 to 2021, risk factors and forecast analysis: A systematic study of Asian disease burden in 2021.

Objective: Use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to obtain gout's disease burden indicators, risk factors, 1990-2021 data in Asian countries/regions and 2050 forecast data for gout prevention and control basis.

Methods: Collect gout prevalence, incidence etc. from global burden of disease data in Asia, stratified by gender and age, analyze with statistical charts.

Role of laccase and xylanase, with or without ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on the aerobic stability, microbial composition and in vitro degradability of mulberry silage.

Laccase (L), xylanase (X), and ferulic acid esterase (FAE) act on lignin - carbohydrate complexes. Whether these enzymes, alone or combined, can improve mulberry ensiling and aerobic stability is unclear. This study assessed the effects of L, X, and FAE - producing L.

High temperatures and antibacterial plant additives change the fermentation quality, free amino acids and lactic acid bacteria fermentation type in Caragana Korshinskii silage.

Background: High temperatures cause a significant loss of dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the proliferation of harmful microorganisms during ensiling. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of tea residue (TR), mugwort (AA), and molasses (CMA) on silage quality, free amino acid content, and the bacterial community of Caragana korshinskii (C. korshinskii) with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) at 40 °C.

Disease Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention - Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the 0-14 Age Group across 204 Countries and Regions from 1990 To 2021.

This study aims to systematically analyze the disease burden of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 0-14 years, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. By examining their temporal trends, regional distributions, and demographic differences, the study seeks to elucidate the epidemiological similarities and differences between the two disorders, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the development of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This study, based on GBD 2021 data, analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of ASD and ADHD globally from 1990 to 2021.

Unlocking the Potential of Paper Mulberry Powder in Cherry Valley Ducks: Impacts on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and Cecum Microbiome.

This study investigates the effects of incorporating paper mulberry ( L.) powder into the diets of Cherry Valley ducks on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and the gut microbiome. A total of 350 14-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to five groups receiving diets with 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% paper mulberry powder for 42 days.

Polyimides with Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Properties by End-capping.

Organic polymers possessing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) significantly impact their electronic and optical properties through stimulus response, leading to unique photoluminescence behaviors such as large Stokes shifts, dual emission, and environmental sensitivity. In this work, polyimides (PIs) exhibiting both ESIPT and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties were designed and synthesized by end-capping with 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBTA) and 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (HBIA), respectively. HBTA-PI and HBIA-PI exhibit bright yellow-green and sky-blue fluorescence at 510 nm and 470 nm, with a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields of about 27.

Resveratrol enhances post-injury muscle regeneration by regulating antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown promise in enhancing skeletal muscle regeneration and metabolic function. This study aims to explore the impact of RES on muscle regeneration after injury through the regulation of antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis. RES treatment significantly increased the ratio of tibialis anterior muscle mass to body weight, alongside reduced fasting glucose levels.

Postoperative fever after elective minimally invasive resection for gastric and colorectal cancer: incidence, risk factors and characteristics.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of postoperative fever (POF) in gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), discuss the influence of POF on short-term clinical outcomes, and predict anastomotic leakage (AL) based on POF characteristics.

Methods: Overall, 1362 patients that underwent radical resection for GIC were retrospectively analyzed. POF was defined as a postoperative temperature ≥38°C during hospitalization.

Effects of Different Types and Ratios of Dry Tea Residues on Nutrient Content, Rumen Fermentation, and the Bacterial Community of Ensiled Sweet Sorghum.

Dry tea residue is a byproduct generated during the production, processing, and storage of tea leaves. The active ingredients and microbial composition of dried tea residue vary depending on different tea processing techniques. This study investigated the effects of six processed dry tea residues-green tea (G), black tea (B), raw Pu'er tea (Z), white tea (W), and ripe Pu'er tea (D)-at two addition ratios (5% and 10%) on the nutritional composition, fermentation quality, fermentation, and bacterial community of sweet sorghum () in the ensiling process.

In vitro and in vivo investigation of the inhibitory effects of Sinoporphyrin sodium-mediated Sonodynamic therapy on human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative, non-invasive approach to cancer treatment, by using low-intensity ultrasound to trigger the activation of sonosensitizers localized within cancerous cells. This current study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of a new sonosensitizer, Sinoporphyrin Sodium (DVDMS), under ultrasound irradiation, against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived SCC-154 cells, both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Fluorescence spectra, cytotoxicity assessments, uptake mechanisms, and subcellular distributions of DVDMS within the SCC-154 cell line were detected.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the core microbiome and biomarker for nutrition degradation in alfalfa silage fermentation.

Unlabelled: Alfalfa ( L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated forage crops globally, and its nutritional quality critically influences the productivity of dairy cows. Silage fermentation is recognized as a crucial technique for the preservation of fresh forage, ensuring the retention of its vital nutrients.

Effect of prehabilitation exercises on postoperative frailty in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Background: To improve perioperative frailty status in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery (LCCS), we explored a new intensive prehabilitation program that combines prehabilitation exercises with standard enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and explored its impact.

Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial. Between April 2021 to August 2021, patients undergoing elective LCCS were randomized into the standardized ERAS (S-ERAS) group or ERAS based on prehabilitation (group PR-ERAS).

Association between sleep traits and risk of colorectal cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Sleep traits have been linked to diseases; particularly, their impact on cancer has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate whether sleep traits have a causal relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR).

Methods: Genetic instrumental variables (IVs) for seven sleep traits (sleep duration, ease of getting up in the morning, morning chronotype, daytime napping, insomnia symptoms, snoring, and daytime dozing) were selected from pooled data from published genome-wide association studies (GSWSs).

Laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients among octogenarians: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Currently, there is no consensus regarding whether super-elderly (aged > 80 years) patients are suitable candidates for laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to analyse the short-term outcomes and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic gastrectomy in super-elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: Following PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines, we searched the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception until May 2024 and performed a meta-analysis.

Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperatively predicting permanent stoma after rectal cancer surgery with ileostomy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: For patients with rectal cancer, the utilization of temporary ileostomy (TI) has proven effective in minimizing the occurrence of severe complications post-surgery, such as anastomotic leaks; however, some patients are unable to reverse in time or even develop a permanent stoma (PS). We aimed to determine the preoperative predictors associated with TS failure and develop and validate appropriate predictive models to improve patients' quality of life.

Methods: This research included 403 patients with rectal cancer who underwent temporary ileostomies between January 2017 and December 2021.

Cryo-EM structure of the dopamine transporter with a novel atypical non-competitive inhibitor bound to the orthosteric site.

The regulation of dopamine (DA) removal from the synaptic cleft is a crucial process in neurotransmission and is facilitated by the sodium- and chloride-coupled dopamine transporter DAT. Psychostimulant drugs, cocaine, and amphetamine, both block the uptake of DA, while amphetamine also triggers the release of DA. As a result, they prolong or even amplify neurotransmitter signaling.

Gabapentinoids for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects patients' quality of life and treatment effectiveness. Gabapentinoids, like gabapentin and pregabalin, are often used for CIPN treatment, but their efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This study reviews and analyses randomised controlled trial data on this topic.