Predictors of early progressive disease and antitumor effects by metastatic site in renal cell carcinoma treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Background: Despite durable benefits of ipilimumab and nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), early progressive disease (PD), defined as disease progression within 3 months, occurs, and its predictors remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with early PD in patients with mRCC treated with this regimen.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a multi-institutional database identified 193 patients with mRCC treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Vaginal Laser Therapy as a Potential Treatment Option for Postmenopausal Women With Recurrent Cystitis: Initial Experience From a Single Institution.

Background: Recurrent cystitis is a prevalent condition, especially among postmenopausal women, significantly impairing their quality of life. Antibiotic therapy has historically been the primary treatment; however, concerns over antimicrobial resistance have highlighted the need for alternative therapies. Vaginal laser therapy, a noninvasive approach, has shown promise in improving vaginal health and may help prevent recurrent cystitis.

The Roles of Tripartite Motif Proteins in Urological Cancers: A Systematic Review.

We aimed to investigate the roles of tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins in urological cancers. : A systematic review was conducted to investigate the oncological role of tripartite motif proteins in urological cancers. : A total of 84 articles were identified for the final analysis (26 articles on kidney cancers, 19 on bladder cancers, 37 on prostate cancers, and 1 on testicular cancers).

Efficacy of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and risk factors for residual extravesical disease in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: insights from a nationwide cohort.

Background: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as long as disease progression does not occur during treatment. However, predictors of NAC sensitivity remain elusive in clinical practice. This study evaluated the efficacy of NAC followed by radical cystectomy (NAC-RC) in cStage II-IIIA MIBC and identified the risk factors associated with residual extravesical disease.

SChLAP1 regulates the metastasis and apoptosis of prostate cancer partly via miR-101.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, necessitating further research into novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Long noncoding RNA second chromosome locus-associated with prostate-1 (SChLAP1) plays a crucial role in the aggressiveness of PC; however, its precise mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of SChLAP1 in PC metastasis and apoptosis, with a particular focus on its interaction with miR-101.

Clinical features of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in prostate cancer management.

Objective: To evaluate the cumulative incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases receiving long-term denosumab treatment, and also the occurrence of severe MRONJ and risk factors associated with the development of both MRONJ and severe MRONJ.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 624 patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases treated with denosumab between January 2015 and December 2024. Patients without bone metastasis or with insufficient clinical data were excluded.

Clinical utility of a novel perioperative quality assessment metric, trifecta, for radical cystectomy.

Background: Assessing the quality of surgical procedures is crucial for improving outcomes in radical cystectomy (RC). While the Pentafecta metric has been used, its reliance on the absence of local recurrence within 1 year delays postoperative assessment. For timely clinical decision-making, a new metric that facilitates earlier evaluation is needed.

Impact of circ Expression on Prostate Cancer Malignancy and Tumor Growth.

The long non-coding RNA reportedly forms a circular RNA variant (circ). As circ is expressed in various cancers and has been implicated in promoting cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression, it is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. We previously confirmed that circ expression varies according to the Gleason pattern, a morphological indicator of malignancy in prostate cancer.

Impact of circ Expression on Prostate Cancer Malignancy and Tumor Growth.

The long non-coding RNA reportedly forms a circular RNA variant (circ). As circ is expressed in various cancers and has been implicated in promoting cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression, it is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. We previously confirmed that circ expression varies according to the Gleason pattern, a morphological indicator of malignancy in prostate cancer.

Delayed-onset immune-related colitis more than three years after nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A case report.

Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, enhances anti-tumor immunity but can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although irAE-colitis usually occurs within 2-3 months of starting nivolumab, we report a rare case that developed 38 months after treatment initiation. A 75-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received multiple lines of molecular targeted therapies before starting nivolumab.

Initial Experience of Robot-Assisted Nephrectomy and Nephroureterectomy Using the Novel Saroa Surgical System.

Introduction: Robot-assisted surgery is increasingly utilized in urology, providing enhanced precision and potentially improving patient outcomes. The Saroa surgical system is a novel robotic platform featuring integrated haptic feedback and compatibility with standard laparoscopic instruments. This study reports the first clinical application of Saroa in robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN) and nephroureterectomy (RANU).

Achieving Complete Response in Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Triplet Therapy and Local Radiation: A Case Report.

Triplet therapy, consisting of androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and is primarily recommended for high-volume disease. A 68-year-old man presented with suspected prostate cancer following the detection of lumbar spine metastases. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was as high as 69.

Evaluation of Optimal Sequential Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Collaborative Study.

Background: Few studies have provided a comprehensive analysis of sequential treatment strategies for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). This study assessed treatment patterns, prognostic factors, and optimal sequencing strategies in patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (1 L-PBC).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study analyzed 212 la/mUC patients who initiated 1 L-PBC.

Optimal Cystoscopic Surveillance Schedule Following Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has shown an increasing incidence, with intravesical recurrence (IVR) being a common postoperative challenge following radical nephroureterectomy. Although current guidelines recommend cystoscopic surveillance based on risk stratification, these recommendations are weak and may not adequately address IVR-specific risk factors or optimal surveillance intervals.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 700 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between 2012 and 2021.

Impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japanese multicenter retrospective study.

Background: There is no definitive consensus on the necessity and impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph-node dissection in NMIBC and identify preoperative factors influencing non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTRFS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 2674 cases of bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 from a multicenter Japanese database; 410 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with NMIBC.

Translational Research Bridging Basic and Clinical Insights in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Collaborative Review and Future Directions.

Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), approximately 20% of patients present with metastatic disease, and up to 30% of patients with localized tumors experience recurrence following nephrectomy. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) have improved clinical outcomes, treatment resistance and refractoriness remain critical challenges. Genomic profiling has identified alterations in several kidney cancer-associated genes, including VHL and chromatin remodeling genes, refining the classification of RCCs and revealing novel therapeutic targets such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and metabolic pathways.

Complete Response Case of Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated With Triplet Therapy (Androgen Deprivation Therapy + Docetaxel + Darolutamide).

In this work, we report a complete response case of a 69-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer (initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA)=26.3 ng/mL, Gleason score 3+4=7, cT3a, N0, M1b) treated with triplet therapy comprising leuprorelin + docetaxel (75 mg/m/3 weeks) + darolutamide (1,200 mg/d). His PSA was checked monthly, and radiological scans (computed tomography and bone scans) were administered every three months.

Effects of the Number of Neoadjuvant Cycles and Addition of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Prognosis of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after NAC on overall survival (OS) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1687 patients with cT2-4NxM0 MIBC who received radical cystectomy (RC) alone or RC plus perioperative chemotherapy at 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group. We evaluated the effect of the number of NAC cycles (2 vs.

Comparative adverse event profiles of triplet therapy versus docetaxel-based therapy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: To compare adverse event (AE) profiles between patients with prostate cancer receiving triplet therapy (docetaxel, androgen receptor signaling inhibitors [ARSIs], and androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) and those receiving docetaxel-based therapy (docetaxel and ADT). Additionally, we sought to identify risk factors for severe AEs associated with these treatment regimens.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter study, we included 359 patients diagnosed with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who were treated with docetaxel.

Evaluating CRPC Definition: Comparing Upfront ARSI and Conventional Hormonal Therapy for Metastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC) in Real World Propensity Score Matched Cohort.

Introduction: The biology of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) status between conventional hormonal therapy and upfront androgen signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment might be different, and the biological status of prostate cancer after failure of sequential ARSI in conventional hormonal therapy would be the same as CRPC in upfront ARSI. In this study, we evaluate our proposed definition of CRPC in our cohort with propensity score-matched analysis.

Patients And Methods: A total of 885 patients diagnosed with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) who received conventional hormonal therapy, upfront androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) with or without docetaxel therapy at Jikei University Hospital and its affiliated institutions, were included in this study.

Organ-specific tumor response to enfortumab vedotin in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Despite advancements in treatment options for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), therapeutic choices remain limited for patients with disease refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Enfortumab vedotin (EV) has demonstrated significant efficacy in later lines of therapy for mUC; however, its organ-specific responses remain uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 69 patients with mUC who received EV following treatment with PBC and ICIs.

PSA Absolute Value Versus PSA Response Rate: Which Is More Valuable for Estimating Survival Outcomes With ARPI Treatment for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC) in Real-World Analyses?

Introduction: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics serve as valuable surrogate markers for estimating survival outcomes in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI). While both the PSA response rate and absolute PSA value are typically assessed, determining which marker holds greater significance in real-world clinical settings is a critical clinical question. In this study, we compare the PSA response rate and absolute PSA value 3 months after the initiation of doublet ARPI therapy to identify which serves as a more effective surrogate marker in practice.

A case of remarkable response to combined radiation therapy, enfortumab vedotin, and pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Enfortumab Vedotin (EV), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, combined with pembrolizumab (Pem), has become a first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). However, the concurrent use of EV + Pem with radiotherapy (RT) remains underexplored. We report the case of a 74-year-old man with a history of robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Tumor burden and heterogenous treatment effect of apalutamide in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: Investigation remains incomplete regarding potential variations in the effect of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, including apalutamide, based on baseline tumor burden in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods: The authors analyzed individual participant-level data from 1052 patients with mCSPC who were randomized in the TITAN trial (apalutamide vs. placebo, both with androgen-deprivation therapy).