Comparative Assessment of Chemotherapy Followed by Consolidative Radical Cystectomy Versus Chemoradiation for Clinically Node-Positive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Context: Patients with bladder cancer and clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes (cN+) have poor prognosis, and the optimal definitive treatment method remains controversial.

Objective: To compare survival outcomes between chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with cN+ bladder cancer.

Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2000-2021) database to identify patients with cN+ bladder cancer treated with CRT or chemotherapy and RC.

Prostate radiotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A systematic review and -analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: The incidence of synchronous metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is rising with the increasing use of next-generation imaging. Local radiotherapy (RT) was shown to improve survival in patients with mHSPC; however, new data require a re-assessment of the indication and value of local RT in mHSPC.

Methods: In this prospectively registered systematic review and -analysis (CRD42025648251), we searched MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar in March 2025 for phase 3 RCTs evaluating the addition of RT to systemic therapy to improve OS in mHSPC patients.

Treatment of biochemical recurrence after primary therapy with curative intent.

Purpose Of Review: We aimed to summarize the recent advancements in management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary curative therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), and the role of advanced imaging technologies in guiding and improving treatment decisions.

Recent Findings: Recent studies have reshaped the approach to managing BCR after primary treatment for PCa. A key shift is the preference for early salvage radiotherapy (sRT), which has proven to offer comparable or even superior outcomes to immediate adjuvant therapy when closely monitored for progression.

Real-World Overall Survival Comparison of Enzalutamide and Abiraterone In First- and Second-Line Setting of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: While their indications overlap, no clinical trials have compared abiraterone and enzalutamide for overall survival (OS) in mCRPC.

Methods: A large, country-wide health insurance database (2013-2023) was assessed for the OS comparison between abiraterone and enzalutamide.

Results: Overall, 3497 patients were identified with first- (n = 2215) or second-line (n = 1282) abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment (only 66 received both drugs sequentially).

Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor Monotherapy in Prostate Cancer: Safety, Oncologic Outcomes, and Quality of Life-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) as monotherapy are studied increasingly across prostate cancer disease states. We aimed to evaluate the safety, oncologic efficacy, and quality of life (QoL) of ARPI monotherapy as compared with ARPI + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and ADT alone.

Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane/Central were queried through June 2024 for clinical trials.

Prostate-specific Antigen Response as a Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: For patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI), the decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a potential biomarker for treatment response. We synthesised data regarding the association of the PSA response with overall survival (OS).

Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to November 2024 to identify studies evaluating the association between the PSA response and OS among patients treated with ADT + ARPI.

Toxicities of taxane-based chemotherapy in prostate cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Despite recent developments in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), taxanes, including docetaxel (DOC) and cabazitaxel (CBZ), remain pivotal in management. DOC has shown efficacy for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, whereas CBZ plays a key role in the post-DOC setting. However, taxane-based therapies are associated with significant toxicities.

Perirectal spacers in radiotherapy for prostate cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Perirectal spacers reduce the radiotherapy (RT) dose delivered to the rectum, but their impact on treatment toxicity remains debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise emerging data (PROSPERO: CRD42024506380).

Material And Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through 2024/08/18 for prospective randomised (RCT) and non-randomised trials evaluating the clinical outcomes of perirectal spacing in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI for detecting unconventional prostate cancer histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Accurate detection of unconventional histologies (UH) in prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting UH on prostatectomy, particularly cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P), in patients with localized PCa.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in major databases for studies published after 2000.

Direct Treatment of All Visible Tumour in Synchronous Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: Total Eradication of Tumour or the Full Monty Treatment.

Recent advances in the management of synchronous oligometastatic prostate cancer (PC) highlight the potential of combining local and systemic therapies. However, there is growing interest in metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in this setting. When all modalities are combined, this is referred as "total eradication of tumour" (TET) or "full monty treatment" (FMT).

Advancements in systemic therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review from the beginning to the latest updates.

Context: Several phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown the importance of perioperative systemic therapy, especially for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Objective: To synthesize the growing evidence on the efficacy and safety of systemic therapies for MIBC utilizing the data from RCTs.

Evidence Acquisition: Three databases and ClinicalTrials.

Impact of concomitant medications on the oncologic efficacy of systemic therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chemotherapy, including antibody-drug conjugates, are widely used for the treatment of patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). The majority of elderly patients receive concomitant medications to address various comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the impact of concomitant medications on oncological outcomes in patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic UC treated with systemic therapy.

Personalised Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Evaluating Biomarker-based Approaches to Reduce Unnecessary Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Procedures.

Background And Objective: Efforts made over the last decade for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) have revolutionised disease diagnostics, and implementation of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received widespread acceptance. However, universal adoption of prebiopsy MRI and the benefits achieved have been limited by availability and equivocal MRI findings. This review aims to evaluate the latest evidence on the role of existing PCa risk calculators (RCs), and blood and urinary biomarkers as part of the diagnostic algorithm to improve the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) and reduce unnecessary MRI procedures and biopsies.

Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has expanded perioperative treatment options for urothelial carcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant ICI-based regimens on oncological outcomes for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Targeting All Multiple Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prostate Lesions Does Not Enhance Cancer Detection: Insights from the YAU Prostate Cancer Group.

Background And Objective: Although diagnostic efficacy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying index lesions (ILs) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients is well established, challenges arise when multiple lesions (MLs) are present. Determination of an optimal biopsy strategy for these patients is crucial. This study aims to assess the risk of detecting PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa; International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group ≥2) when targeting suspicious MRI MLs in addition to the IL.

Outcomes of Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.

Background And Objective: Focal therapies (FTs) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) are recommended only within prospective registries or clinical trials. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to synthesize data from prospective trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of FTs in patients with clinically localized PCa.

Methods: Systematic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified prospective studies reporting oncological outcomes of FTs in treatment-naïve, clinically localized PCa patients.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Penis Length and Circumference According to WHO Regions: Who has the Biggest One?

Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of stretched, erect, and flaccid penis length as well as circumference according to geographic WHO regions.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published until February 2024. Studies in which a healthcare professional evaluated the penis size were considered eligible.

Severity of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation positively correlate with aggression levels in men: insights from a large population-representative study.

The effects of erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) on men's mental health are well-studied, but their link to aggression has been less explored. Thus, we measured associations between ED, PE, and aggression of men in a large representative cohort with well-balanced demographic characteristics. Participants completed computer-assisted web interviews with reliable questionnaires to assess ED, PE, and aggression.

Metastasis-directed Therapy in the Management of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: In this prospectively registered meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024501283), we pooled data on patients treated with metastasis-directed therapies (MDTs) for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC).

Methods: On January 24, 2024, we searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies on consolidative MDT in patients with mUC. The search was updated on August 25, 2024.

External validation of nomograms including PSMA PET information for the prediction of lymph node involvement of prostate cancer.

Background: Novel nomograms predicting lymph node involvement (LNI) of prostate cancer (PCa) including PSMA PET information have been developed. However, their predictive accuracy in external populations is still unclear.

Purpose: To externally validate four LNI nomograms including PSMA PET parameters (three Muehlematter models and the Amsterdam-Brisbane-Sydney model) as well as the Briganti 2012 and MSKCC nomograms.

Prevalence, correlates, and treatment behaviors for urolithiasis and renal colic-like pain symptoms at the population level in Poland.

The prevalence of urolithiasis and renal colic-like pain symptoms differs by region because of geographical, climatic, dietary, genetic, and lifestyle factors. In addition, reliable data for Central and Eastern Europe are lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the prevalence, correlates, and treatment behaviors for these conditions in a representative sample of 10,029 adult Poles.

Tumor burden and heterogenous treatment effect of apalutamide in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: Investigation remains incomplete regarding potential variations in the effect of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, including apalutamide, based on baseline tumor burden in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods: The authors analyzed individual participant-level data from 1052 patients with mCSPC who were randomized in the TITAN trial (apalutamide vs. placebo, both with androgen-deprivation therapy).

Nonintravesical Interventions for Preventing Intravesical Recurrence in Patients With Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite currently used intravesical therapies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the rate of intravesical recurrence remains very high. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding nonintravesical interventions to standard intravesical therapies to prevent intravesical recurrence. In April 2024, 3 databases were queried for prospective studies evaluating nonintravesical interventions in addition to standard intravesical therapies for NMIBC (CRD42024490988).