Metabolome Profiling of Yokukansan in Preventing Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Cancer Patients: A Reverse Translational Study.

Aims: Postoperative delirium (PD) is a common and severe complication in older adult patients undergoing invasive cancer resections. This study explored the plasma metabolome associated with PD and evaluated the efficacy of Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, in preventing PD.

Methods: An ancillary study was conducted alongside a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial involving patients 65 years and older, focusing on patients older than 75 years as a primary analysis population.

Efficacy of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and risk factors for residual extravesical disease in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: insights from a nationwide cohort.

Background: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as long as disease progression does not occur during treatment. However, predictors of NAC sensitivity remain elusive in clinical practice. This study evaluated the efficacy of NAC followed by radical cystectomy (NAC-RC) in cStage II-IIIA MIBC and identified the risk factors associated with residual extravesical disease.

Deep learning-based automatic detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤ 2 cm with high-resolution computed tomography: impact of the combination of tumor mass detection and indirect indicator evaluation.

Purpose: Detecting small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) is challenging owing to their difficulty in being identified as distinct tumor masses. This study assesses the diagnostic performance of a three-dimensional convolutional neural network for the automatic detection of small PDAC using both automatic tumor mass detection and indirect indicator evaluation.

Materials And Methods: High-resolution contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans from 181 patients diagnosed with PDAC (diameter ≤ 2 cm) between January 2018 and December 2023 were analyzed.

Erratum: Characteristics of Metachronous Remnant Gastric Cancer After Proximal Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Analysis.

This corrects the article on p. 280 in vol. 24, PMID: 38960887.

Risk Model for Lymph Node-Positive Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Post-radical prostatectomy (RP) lymph node positivity (pN1) is associated with disease progression. However, the optimal treatment strategy for pN1 patients has remained unclear. This study aimed to establish a risk model for predicting survival outcomes in these patients.

The prognostic factors and treatment patterns of the first recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

Background: This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and treatment patterns at the first recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (LPS).

Methods: Medical records of 150 patients who underwent resection for primary retroperitoneal LPS were reviewed. Of the 94 patients with local or distant recurrence, prognostic factors and treatment approaches were retrospectively analyzed.

Outcomes of Patients With International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Good Prognosis Metastatic Seminoma Undergoing De-Escalation Chemotherapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: To compare the survival outcomes of de-escalation chemotherapy with those of standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) good prognosis metastatic seminoma.

Methods: The cohort of this retrospective, observational, single-center study comprised 35 patients with clinical Stage I (CSI)-relapsed or de novo IGCCCG good prognosis metastatic seminoma who had undergone induction chemotherapy at our institution between 2007 and 2021. Patients were allocated to standard or de-escalation therapy groups according to average relative dose intensity (ARDI) of induction chemotherapy: ARDI ≥ 90 and ARDI < 90.

Impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japanese multicenter retrospective study.

Background: There is no definitive consensus on the necessity and impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph-node dissection in NMIBC and identify preoperative factors influencing non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTRFS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 2674 cases of bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 from a multicenter Japanese database; 410 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with NMIBC.

Effects of the Number of Neoadjuvant Cycles and Addition of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Prognosis of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after NAC on overall survival (OS) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1687 patients with cT2-4NxM0 MIBC who received radical cystectomy (RC) alone or RC plus perioperative chemotherapy at 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group. We evaluated the effect of the number of NAC cycles (2 vs.

[Partial Nephrectomy and Focal Therapy in Small Renal Tumors].

With the increasing use of robot-assisted surgery, partial nephrectomy is recommended for small renal tumors(T1a)with a tumor size of 4 cm or less and is now considered a standard treatment. However, with the rise in incidental detection of small renal tumors during routine screenings, especially in elderly patients or those with comorbidities who may hesitate to undergo general anesthesia, there is a growing need for alternative treatments such as focal therapy to partial nephrectomy. The main methods of focal therapy include ablation techniques such as cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation.

Percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors adjacent to critical structures: impact of adjacent organ type on local tumor control.

BackgroundRenal cell carcinomas (RCCs) adjacent to critical structures can be safely treated using percutaneous cryoablation with adjunctive techniques. However, there are only a few reports describing the factors affecting local tumor control after percutaneous cryoablation for such RCCs.PurposeTo evaluate the factors affecting local tumor control in the percutaneous cryoablation of RCCs adjacent to critical structures.

Impact of lymph node dissection during surgery on the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: The impact of lymph node dissection (LND) on the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) who develop metastasis after surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic UC who underwent primary tumor resection with LND.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included patients who initially underwent radical surgery with or without LND for non-metastatic UC and later received pembrolizumab for recurrent lesions.

Stage III substaging and outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Objective: To examine the association between substaging and outcomes following radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with stage III bladder cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using nationwide data from Japan, including 708 patients with stage III bladder cancer who underwent RC. Substaging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer's 8th edition.

Prognostic significance of the retroperitoneal surgical resection margin on computed tomography colonography in retroperitonealized colon cancer.

Background: A positive pathologic retroperitoneal surgical resection margin in the retroperitonealized colon is reported to predict distant metastases. However, no studies have investigated retroperitoneal surgical resection margin positivity on computed tomography colonography and its prognostic significance.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary resection for ascending or descending colon cancer at our institution between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated (n = 206).

Impact of neurovascular bundle preservation on biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate functional and oncological outcomes in patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for high-risk prostate cancer.

Methods: The cohort comprised 2683 patients with clinical stage T1-4, N0M0 high-risk prostate cancer who underwent RARP in Japanese tertiary care centers from August 2011 to April 2023. High risk was defined using the European Association of Urology risk stratification criteria.

Risk factors of non-diagnostic percutaneous liver tumor biopsy: a single-center retrospective analysis of 938 biopsies based on cause of error.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors of non-diagnostic results based on cause of error in liver tumor biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This single-institution, retrospective study included 843 patients [445 men, 398 women; median age, 67 years] who underwent a total of 938 liver tumor biopsies between April 2018 and September 2022. An 18-G cutting biopsy needle with a 17-G introducer needle was used.

Extramammary Paget's disease treated with of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy after docetaxel therapy failure.

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer with no standard treatment for advanced-stage disease. Although docetaxel-based chemotherapy is common, no standard treatment exists. Pembrolizumab is approved for solid tumors with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and/or high microsatellite instability, and nivolumab was approved in Japan in February 2024 for unresectable advanced or recurrent epithelial skin malignancies.