Consciousness disturbance due to lithium carbonate intoxication developed in a patient with cancer and bipolar affective disorder: A case report and literature review.

Background: Patients with comorbid cancer and bipolar affective disorder require psychiatric symptom stabilization to continue cancer treatment, and mood stabilizers, including lithium carbonate, are often administered during cancer treatment. However, the risk of lithium carbonate-induced consciousness disturbance seems not to be well recognized among medical professionals involved in cancer treatment.

Case Presentation: A woman in her 70s was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder at approximately 28 years of age and was hospitalized twice for worsening manic depressive episodes.

Metabolome Profiling of Yokukansan in Preventing Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Cancer Patients: A Reverse Translational Study.

Aims: Postoperative delirium (PD) is a common and severe complication in older adult patients undergoing invasive cancer resections. This study explored the plasma metabolome associated with PD and evaluated the efficacy of Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, in preventing PD.

Methods: An ancillary study was conducted alongside a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial involving patients 65 years and older, focusing on patients older than 75 years as a primary analysis population.

Narrative review of cancer bereavement care before loss.

Contrary to sudden death, cancer death allows families to have a certain period to be ready for death and receive some support from health care providers. This review aims to picture a family's experience of cancer trajectory that is associated with bereavement outcomes and health care provider's care provided before loss. We reviewed pre-loss factors associated with grief and indicated that preparedness for death may contribute to alleviating grief.

A case report of benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium due to accidental discontinuation of benzodiazepines in cancer perioperative period.

Background: Benzodiazepines are known for their possible risk of delirium, especially when administered to older adults or during the perioperative period. However, the risk of sudden discontinuation of benzodiazepines and subsequent withdrawal delirium seems to be underappreciated and not properly recognized in cancer treatment, even among healthcare workers.

Case Presentation: A man in his late 70s was diagnosed with rectal cancer and had a history of taking etizolam and alprazolam for over 15 years.

Delirium due to Trousseau syndrome treated with memantine and perospirone: A case report.

Background: Trousseau syndrome is a hypercoagulability syndrome associated with cancer. It is known that delirium occasionally occurs after the onset of Trousseau syndrome. However, there have been no detailed reports about treatment for psychiatric symptoms of delirium associated with Trousseau syndrome.

Severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia successfully treated at home with a blonanserin transdermal patch: A case report.

Aim: Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are sometimes difficult to treat due to severe psychiatric symptoms such as delusions of poisoning and violent behavior. Moreover, in cases of parental neglect, the management of these psychiatric symptoms becomes more difficult. Therefore, home-visiting doctors sometimes have to manage patients with BPSD and severe psychiatric symptoms, and a new approach is needed.

Concomitant use of hydroxyzine and haloperidol did not worsen delirium in patients with cancer: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

Objectives: There is concern that hydroxyzine exacerbates delirium, but a recent preliminary study suggested that the combination of haloperidol and hydroxyzine was effective against delirium. This study examined whether the concomitant use of hydroxyzine and haloperidol worsened delirium in patients with cancer.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at 2 general hospitals in Japan.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic factor reflecting immune condition of tumor microenvironment in squamous cell lung cancer.

Inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood, such as the C-reactive protein level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), are prognostic markers in multiple types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the association between inflammatory factors and prognosis based on histological types has not been adequately reported. In addition, the relationship between these factors and the immune condition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear.

Data-driven categorization of postoperative delirium symptoms using unsupervised machine learning.

Background: Phenotyping analysis that includes time course is useful for understanding the mechanisms and clinical management of postoperative delirium. However, postoperative delirium has not been fully phenotyped. Hypothesis-free categorization of heterogeneous symptoms may be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying delirium, although evidence is currently lacking.

A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ramelteon for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly cancer patients: a study protocol for JORTC-PON2/J-SUPPORT2103/NCCH2103.

Postoperative delirium is an important issue in cancer patients, affecting surgical outcomes and the quality of life. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist with high affinity for MT1 and MT2 receptors. Clinical trials and observational studies in Japan, including in surgical cancer patients, have shown efficacy of ramelteon in delirium prevention, with no serious safety concerns.

Black cohosh extracts in women with menopausal symptoms: an updated pairwise meta-analysis.

Objective: Menopausal symptoms are common in midlife women and have broad impacts on their daily functioning and quality of life. Black cohosh extracts have been widely used to relieve menopausal symptoms. However, the comparative benefits of different combined black cohosh regimens remain inconclusive.

Prevention of delirium with agitation by yokukansan in older adults after cancer surgery.

Objective: Preventing postoperative delirium with agitation is vital in the older population. We examined the preventive effect of yokukansan on postoperative delirium with agitation in older adult patients undergoing highly invasive cancer resection.

Methods: We performed a secondary per-protocol analysis of 149 patients' data from a previous clinical trial.

Pilot Study of Lemborexant for Insomnia in Cancer Patients with Delirium.

Delirium occurs very frequently in cancer patients. Insomnia is a symptom of delirium. Lemborexant is a drug that regulates sleep-wake rhythms without causing extrapyramidal symptoms.

Yokukansan for Treatment of Preoperative Anxiety and Prevention of Postoperative Delirium in Cancer Patients Undergoing Highly Invasive Surgery. J-SUPPORT 1605 (ProD Study): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Context: No standard preventive or therapeutic methods have been established for preoperative anxiety and postoperative delirium in patients with cancer.

Objectives: To clarify the therapeutic effect of yokukansan for perioperative psychiatric symptoms in patients with cancer as well as to confirm its safety profile.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial conducted at a single center in Tokyo, Japan.

Major surgery induces acute changes in measured DNA methylation associated with immune response pathways.

Surgery is an invasive procedure evoking acute inflammatory and immune responses that can influence risk for postoperative complications including cognitive dysfunction and delirium. Although the specific mechanisms driving these responses have not been well-characterized, they are hypothesized to involve the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We quantified genome-wide levels of DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) longitudinally collected from a cohort of elderly patients undergoing major surgery, comparing samples collected at baseline to those collected immediately post-operatively and at discharge from hospital.

Yokukansan for perioperative psychiatric symptoms in cancer patients undergoing high invasive surgery. J-SUPPORT 1605 (ProD Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Preoperative anxiety and postoperative delirium affect both short- and long-term prognoses in patients with cancer; therefore, these conditions require early prevention and treatment. However, no standard preventive or therapeutic methods have been established for them. Yokukansan, a Japanese herbal medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety, causes relatively few adverse drug reactions and effectively improves the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Preoperative Anxiety as a Predictor of Delirium in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common and important complication in cancer patients. We need to identify patients at high risk of postoperative delirium such that it can be prevented preoperatively or in early postoperative phase. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative anxiety predicted onset of postoperative delirium in cancer patients, not only in order to identify high-risk groups but also to help develop new preventive approaches.

Parental care influences leukocyte telomere length with gender specificity in parents and offsprings.

Background: There have been several reports suggesting that adverse childhood experiences such as physical maltreatment and long institutionalization influence telomere length. However, there has been no study examining the relationship of telomere length with variations in parental rearing. In the present study, we examined the relationship of leukocyte telomere length with parental rearing in healthy subjects.

Distinctive correlations of sociotropy and autonomy with working models of the self and other.

Background: Beck's cognitive theory of depression postulates personality vulnerability factors termed sociotropy and autonomy, which are accompanied by characteristic interpersonal styles. Meanwhile, Bartholomew contends that negative working models of the self and other built through insecure attachment relationships are externalized as distinctive interpersonal styles. The present study examined the relationships of sociotropy and autonomy with the self- and other-models, and attempted to promote understanding of the two personality traits from an attachment perspective.

Relationship of the FKBP5 C/T polymorphism with dysfunctional attitudes predisposing to depression.

FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor, and plays an important role in the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The C/T single nucleotide polymorphism in the intron 2 of the FKBP5 gene affects cortisol secretion, and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, the relationship of the FKBP5 C/T polymorphism with dysfunctional attitudes predisposing to depression was examined.

Affectionless control by the same-sex parents increases dysfunctional attitudes about achievement.

Background: The affectionless control parenting has been associated with depression in recipients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this parenting style on dysfunctional attitudes predisposing to depression.

Methods: The subjects were 666 Japanese volunteers.