Reduction in Earth's carbon budget imbalance.

The Global Carbon Project (GCP) compiles an updated global carbon budget each year, synthesizing state‑of‑the‑art estimates of anthropogenic CO emissions, land and ocean sinks, and the atmospheric CO growth rate. The residual between these terms, referred to as the global carbon budget imbalance, reflects the aggregate inaccuracies of the individual component estimates. Growth rates derived from marine boundary layer (MBL) surface flask mixing ratio observations are assumed to be highly accurate.

Atmospheric inversions for carbon dioxide and methane at a national scale.

This paper outlines the current state of national-scale atmospheric inversion, at a time when not only the volume of observational data, but also institutional expectations, are increasing considerably.

Comparison of High-Resolution Gridded Emission Maps of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide in Europe: GRACED & CAMS-REG.

Gridded maps of CO emissions are increasingly being applied in emission change analyses and atmospheric studies. In this study, we compared two high-resolution gridded estimates of anthropogenic CO emissions in Europe for 2019-2021: the near-real-time Global gridded daily CO emission data set (GRACED, latest updated version May 2024) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service regional inventory (CAMS-REG, v6 for 2019-2020, and v7 for 2021). Total CO emissions of the two data sets are comparable, with a 2.

Enhanced CH emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires.

Monitoring methane (CH) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is essential for assessing the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors leading to climate change and shaping global climate goals. Fires are a significant source of atmospheric CH, with the increasing frequency of megafires amplifying their impact. Global fire emissions exhibit large spatiotemporal variations, making the magnitude and dynamics difficult to characterize accurately.

Mapping emissions in Cyprus using TROPOMI observations: evaluation of the flux-divergence scheme using multiple parameter sets.

The production of nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO ) is substantial in urban areas and from fossil fuel-fired power plants, causing both local and regional pollution, with severe consequences for human health. To estimate their emissions and implement air quality policies, authorities often rely on reported emission inventories. The island of Cyprus is de facto divided into two different political entities, and as a result, such emissions inventories are not systematically available for the whole island.

Recent methane surges reveal heightened emissions from tropical inundated areas.

Record breaking atmospheric methane growth rates were observed in 2020 and 2021 (15.2±0.5 and 17.

Low latency carbon budget analysis reveals a large decline of the land carbon sink in 2023.

In 2023, the CO growth rate was 3.37 ± 0.11 ppm at Mauna Loa, which was 86% above that of the previous year and hit a record high since observations began in 1958, while global fossil fuel CO emissions only increased by 0.

Refining the Global Picture: The Impact of Increased Resolution on CO Atmospheric Inversions Using OCO-2 XCO Retrievals.

The threat posed by the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO) in the atmosphere motivates a detailed and precise estimation of CO emissions and removals over the globe. This study refines the spatial resolution of the CAMS/LSCE inversion system, achieving a global resolution of 0.7° latitude and 1.

The reduced net carbon uptake over Northern Hemisphere land causes the close-to-normal CO growth rate in 2021 La Niña.

La Niña climate anomalies have historically been associated with substantial reductions in the atmospheric CO growth rate. However, the 2021 La Niña exhibited a unique near-neutral impact on the CO growth rate. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms by using an ensemble of net CO fluxes constrained by CO observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 in conjunction with estimates of gross primary production and fire carbon emissions.

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Introduction: In France, unscheduled care is studied exclusively through the lens of emergency room visits.

Purpose Of The Research: This study aims to quantify unscheduled care in a given French region, and to include outpatient care in the equation.

Methods: Looking at the geographical area served by a specific Communauté professionnelle territoriale de santé (CPTS) (Regional Health Professional Community), unscheduled care was explored for general practitioners (GPs), nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, osteopaths, midwives, and the emergency department of the local hospital.

Temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake in northern high latitudes during the past four decades.

In the northern high latitudes, warmer spring temperatures generally lead to earlier leaf onsets, higher vegetation production, and enhanced spring carbon uptake. Yet, whether this positive linkage has diminished under climate change remains debated. Here, we used atmospheric CO measurements at Barrow (Alaska) during 1979-2020 to investigate the strength of temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake reflected by two indicators, spring zero-crossing date (SZC) and CO drawdown (SCC).

Record-high CO emissions from boreal fires in 2021.

Extreme wildfires are becoming more common and increasingly affecting Earth's climate. Wildfires in boreal forests have attracted much less attention than those in tropical forests, although boreal forests are one of the most extensive biomes on Earth and are experiencing the fastest warming. We used a satellite-based atmospheric inversion system to monitor fire emissions in boreal forests.

Diagnosing destabilization risk in global land carbon sinks.

Global net land carbon uptake or net biome production (NBP) has increased during recent decades. Whether its temporal variability and autocorrelation have changed during this period, however, remains elusive, even though an increase in both could indicate an increased potential for a destabilized carbon sink. Here, we investigate the trends and controls of net terrestrial carbon uptake and its temporal variability and autocorrelation from 1981 to 2018 using two atmospheric-inversion models, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO concentration derived from nine monitoring stations distributed across the Pacific Ocean and dynamic global vegetation models.

Near-real-time global gridded daily CO2 emissions 2021.

We present a near-real-time global gridded daily CO emissions dataset (GRACED) throughout 2021. GRACED provides gridded CO emissions at a 0.1° × 0.

[Can computer alerts in general practitioners' software upgrade cancer screening participation? A monocentric randomized study in France].

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in France, and the second regarding mortality with almost 17,100 deaths each year. When screened at an early stage, the five-year survival is around 90 %. Since 2008, a screening program has been introduced in France with the fecal occult blood test.

Constraining China's land carbon sink from emerging satellite CO observations: Progress and challenges.

Land carbon sink is a vital component for the achievement of China's ambitious carbon neutrality goal, but its magnitude is poorly known. Atmospheric observations and inverse models are valuable tools to constrain the China's land carbon sink. Space-based CO measurements from satellites form an emerging data stream for application of such atmospheric inversions.

On the use of Earth Observation to support estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the Global stocktake process: lessons learned from ESA-CCI RECCAP2.

The Global Stocktake (GST), implemented by the Paris Agreement, requires rapid developments in the capabilities to quantify annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals consistently from the global to the national scale and improvements to national GHG inventories. In particular, new capabilities are needed for accurate attribution of sources and sinks and their trends to natural and anthropogenic processes. On the one hand, this is still a major challenge as national GHG inventories follow globally harmonized methodologies based on the guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but these can be implemented differently for individual countries.

Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions.

Warming of northern high latitude regions (NHL, > 50 °N) has increased both photosynthesis and respiration which results in considerable uncertainty regarding the net carbon dioxide (CO) balance of NHL ecosystems. Using estimates constrained from atmospheric observations from 1980 to 2017, we find that the increasing trends of net CO uptake in the early-growing season are of similar magnitude across the tree cover gradient in the NHL. However, the trend of respiratory CO loss during late-growing season increases significantly with increasing tree cover, offsetting a larger fraction of photosynthetic CO uptake, and thus resulting in a slower rate of increasing annual net CO uptake in areas with higher tree cover, especially in central and southern boreal forest regions.

Large CO Emitters as Seen From Satellite: Comparison to a Gridded Global Emission Inventory.

Using the multiyear archive of the two Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) of NASA, we have retrieved large fossil fuel CO emissions (larger than 1.0 ktCO h per 10 square degree grid cell) over the globe with a simple plume cross-sectional inversion approach. We have compared our results with a global gridded and hourly inventory.

Regional and seasonal partitioning of water and temperature controls on global land carbon uptake variability.

Global fluctuations in annual land carbon uptake (NEE) depend on water and temperature variability, yet debate remains about local and seasonal controls of the global dependences. Here, we quantify regional and seasonal contributions to the correlations of globally-averaged NEE against terrestrial water storage (TWS) and temperature, and respective uncertainties, using three approaches: atmospheric inversions, process-based vegetation models, and data-driven models. The three approaches agree that the tropics contribute over 63% of the global correlations, but differ on the dominant driver of the global NEE, because they disagree on seasonal temperature effects in the Northern Hemisphere (NH, >25°N).

Global nature run data with realistic high-resolution carbon weather for the year of the Paris Agreement.

The CO Human Emissions project has generated realistic high-resolution 9 km global simulations for atmospheric carbon tracers referred to as nature runs to foster carbon-cycle research applications with current and planned satellite missions, as well as the surge of in situ observations. Realistic atmospheric CO, CH and CO fields can provide a reference for assessing the impact of proposed designs of new satellites and in situ networks and to study atmospheric variability of the tracers modulated by the weather. The simulations spanning 2015 are based on the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service forecasts at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, with improvements in various model components and input data such as anthropogenic emissions, in preparation of a CO Monitoring and Verification Support system.

Near-real-time global gridded daily CO emissions.

Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO) emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world. Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO Emissions Dataset (GRACED) from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1° by 0.

Strong Southern Ocean carbon uptake evident in airborne observations.

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in determining atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), yet estimates of air-sea CO flux for the region diverge widely. In this study, we constrained Southern Ocean air-sea CO exchange by relating fluxes to horizontal and vertical CO gradients in atmospheric transport models and applying atmospheric observations of these gradients to estimate fluxes. Aircraft-based measurements of the vertical atmospheric CO gradient provide robust flux constraints.