Neuropeptide dynamics coordinate layered plasticity mechanisms adapting circadian behavior to changing environment.

The brain contains distinct circadian oscillators responsible for generating the morning and evening bouts of locomotor activity in light-dark cycles. We lack a mechanistic understanding of how environmental changes reshape the resulting bimodal rest-activity pattern. Here, we uncover a seasonal switch mechanism that remodels the evening bout of activity.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in glioblastoma - current understanding and future impact.

Neoplasia represents an interplay between multiple complex biological systems with numerous tumor tissue-linked biomarkers contributing as modulators of tumorigenesis. Several bio-signaling pathways and processes undergo remodeling consequent to multiple mutations and alterations. In particular, cellular or molecular biomarkers, including DNA, messenger RNAs(mRNAs), microRNAs(miRNAs), and proteins, coupled with alterations in genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic profiles, are good potential candidates for acting as biomarkers throughout the natural history of cancer response to therapy.

Site-selective protein editing by backbone extension acyl rearrangements.

Protein and polypeptide heteropolymers containing non-α-backbone monomers are highly desirable as potential materials and therapeutics but many remain difficult or impossible to biosynthesize in cells using traditional genetic code expansion. Here we describe a next-generation approach to such materials that relies instead on proximity-guided intramolecular rearrangements that edit the protein backbone post-translationally. This approach relies on orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes that accept α-hydroxy acid monomers whose side chains contain masked nucleophiles.

Calculated Versus Estimated Blood Loss in Plastic Breast Surgery.

Background: Estimated blood loss (EBL), based on surgeons' visual estimation of blood loss, guides patient care but is often inaccurate. Calculated blood loss (CBL), a measurement of the volume of blood lost, is a more accurate substitute. Our aim was to assess the differences between EBL and CBL in plastic surgery.

Outcomes of Infants and Young Children With CNS Embryonal Tumors Using Pre-Irradiation Chemotherapy: A Decade Long Experience.

Background: Management of infants and young children with embryonal tumors of the central nervous system remains a challenge. We report the outcomes in these children with the strategy of surgery, pre-irradiation chemotherapy, and delayed radiation.

Procedure: Children less than 3 years and diagnosed with medulloblastoma(MB), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor(ATRT), embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes(ETMR), embryonal tumor tumors NOS(ET NOS) and pineoblastoma(PB), underwent standard evaluation and staging.

Outcomes From a Contemporary Mono-Institutional Cohort of Histone-Mutant Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma: A Rare and Aggressive Pediatric-Type High-Grade Primary Brain Tumor.

Background: The discovery of histone alterations has changed fundamental understanding of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGG). The glycine-to-arginine (or valine) substitution at position 34 of histone H3.3 (H3 G34) is found exclusively in diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG).

"Adapting Perspectives: Analyzing Dynamic Shifts in Breast Surgical Trends and Reconstructive Choices Over 16 Years".

Introduction: Over the last 16 years, there have been novel approaches in breast cancer surgical care. This study aims to provide a contemporary surgical trend analysis for breast cancer patients and secondarily, further investigate trends across all aspects of breast reconstruction including Oncoplastic Surgery (OPS).

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the ACS-NSQIP database from 2008 to 2023.

Reduction in Earth's carbon budget imbalance.

The Global Carbon Project (GCP) compiles an updated global carbon budget each year, synthesizing state‑of‑the‑art estimates of anthropogenic CO emissions, land and ocean sinks, and the atmospheric CO growth rate. The residual between these terms, referred to as the global carbon budget imbalance, reflects the aggregate inaccuracies of the individual component estimates. Growth rates derived from marine boundary layer (MBL) surface flask mixing ratio observations are assumed to be highly accurate.

Anatomic Support for Hand and Wrist Dye Injections in Axillary Reverse Mapping.

Background: Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) identifies lymph vessels and nodes draining the arm to preserve them during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and thus reduce the risk of breast-cancer related lymphedema (BCRL). The ideal location for dye injections has not been previously studied. This study compared transected lymphatic vessels visualized for immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) after ALND between patients who received fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) injections in the hand/wrist and those who received traditional medial upper-arm location.

Oncoplastic Surgery Versus Mastectomy: Complications and Survival Outcomes.

Introduction: We aimed to compare the associated risk factors for and frequency of postoperative complications between oncoplastic surgery (OPS) and mastectomy (MT). As a secondary objective, we determined differences between the two approaches related to breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).

Materials And Methods: Patients with breast cancer included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer File from 2012 to 2017 and from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2020 were identified.

Linear and Area Coverage With Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy Management: International Multidisciplinary Consensus Recommendations.

Closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) with foam dressings has received broad recognition for its ability to support incision healing for a variety of surgical procedures. Over time, these dressings have evolved to include linear and 'area' shapes to better conform to different incision types and surface geometries. To address new studies on these configurations and provide guidance for dressing selection, an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened.

Presentation and outcomes of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in locally advanced oral cavity squamous carcinoma (LA-OSCC): Secondary analysis of a phase III randomised control trial (NCT00193843).

Background: Second Primary Malignancies (SPMs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Head & Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSCC). Prospective data on incidence, outcomes and prognostic factors is sparse. The current publication summarizes data on 83 SPMs which developed on follow up among patients accrued on a Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial testing treatment intensification in Oral Cavity Squamous Carcinoma (OSCC).

Study protocol of short versus long-term levetiracetam in brain tumors (LIBRA): a phase 3 randomized controlled trial.

Background: Seizures are common in patients with brain tumors, impacting daily life and healthcare burden. In contemporary neuro-oncology practice, levetiracetam is the most commonly prescribed anti-seizure medication (ASM). Although the practice is widely variable, levetiracetam is usually used for 2-3 years following surgery to prevent further seizures.

Geographical Presence of Plastic Surgeons in Relation to Breast Surgeons in the United States for Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Despite advancements in oncoplastic breast surgery, barriers to breast reconstruction remain, particularly in rural and suburban areas. We aimed to assess the presence of plastic surgeons performing breast reconstruction relative to breast surgeons or general surgeons performing breast cancer surgery within urban, suburban, and rural populations.

Methods: Data were collected from the 2024 membership of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

3,6-Anhydrogalactal as a Single-Addition Monomer for Chain-End Functionalization of Metathesis Polymers.

Controlling the structure and reactivity of the chain-end group is a central objective in modern polymer chemistry. Here we introduce 3,6-anhydrogalactal as a single-addition monomer that enables efficient and versatile chain-end functionalization of metathesis polymers. Readily synthesized from biomass-derived galactal, 3,6-anhydrogalactal exhibits excellent single-addition reactivity, allowing precise chain-end modifications even when introduced simultaneously with the propagating monomer.

Pharmacological and therapeutic innovation to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive decline (RICD) in brain tumor patients.

Radiation therapy is a key treatment modality in both primary and metastatic brain tumors. However, despite its efficacy, it often results in cognitive decline, particularly after whole brain RT (WBRT). Radiation-induced cognitive impairment, which affects memory, attention, and executive function, significantly affects Quality Of Life (QOL) and functional independence.

Tumor Control and Long-Term Survival in Non-Functional Pituitary Adenoma Treated with Adjuvant Radiotherapy. A Retrospective Single Institutional Study.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) for postoperative residual or progressive non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) has excellent long-term local control (LC) although its use has been limited because of the potential late toxicity related to radiation treatments. Newer techniques have led to better precision.

Objective: The objective of the study was to review the institutional outcomes of NFPA treated with postoperative RT.

Nipple Sensation and Nipple-Areolar Complex Outcomes After Oncoplastic Breast Surgery.

Background: Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) is a form of breast conservation surgery that integrates cancer removal with the reconstruction of the breast and immediate contralateral symmetry surgery followed by adjuvant radiation. This study aimed to identify differences in nipple-areolar complex (NAC) outcomes by comparing the oncological breast (which also receives adjuvant radiation) to the contralateral breast following OBS.

Methods: Interviews containing validated nipple-focused questions were conducted on 28 patients (encompassing 56 breasts) who had undergone OBS with immediate contralateral symmetry surgery followed by adjuvant radiation.

High-precision radiotherapy achieves excellent long-term control and preserves function in pediatric craniopharyngioma - Subset analysis of a randomized trial.

Background: The evolving treatment paradigm in children and adolescents with craniopharyngioma (CP) aims at minimizing late functional sequelae. Advanced radiotherapeutic techniques offer theoretical advantages of preserving neurological functions, however, clinical evidence of such is limited. The current study constitutes a secondary analysis of CP patients in a Randomized Control Trial testing Conventional RT (ConvRT) versus Stereotactic Conformal Radiotherapy (SCRT)(NCT00517959).

Dopamine Toxicity Induces ROS-Dependent Death of Murine Neuroblastoma Cells: Impact on the Interactions of Cofilin With UCHL1 and MMP9.

The death of dopaminergic neurons, a hallmark event during Parkinson's disease (PD), leads to increased dopamine concentration in the neuronal micro-environment. Keeping this in mind, we intend to understand the impact of elevated dopamine concentration on molecular interactions among proteins and the stability of the neuronal cytoskeleton. We used differentiated N2A cells and exposed them to 100 µM DA for 24 h.

Study Protocol of a Prospective Phase 2 Study of Chlorophyllin for the Management of Brain Radionecrosis in Patients With Diffuse Glioma (CHROME).

Introduction: Chlorophyllin (CHL) effectively decreases the side effects of radiotherapy (RT) by scavenging radiation-induced free radicals and reactive oxygen species in preclinical trials. This study aims to assess the efficacy of oral CHL for the treatment of brain radionecrosis in patients with diffuse glioma.

Methods: This is a phase 2 trial prospective, interventional study.

Strategies to Expand the Genetic Code of Mammalian Cells.

Genetic code expansion (GCE) in mammalian cells has emerged as a powerful technology for investigating and engineering protein function. This method allows for the precise incorporation of a rapidly growing toolbox of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into predefined sites of target proteins expressed in living cells. Due to the minimal size of these genetically encoded ncAAs, the wide range of functionalities they provide, and the ability to introduce them freely at virtually any site of any protein by simple mutagenesis, this technology holds immense potential for probing the complex biology of mammalian cells and engineering next-generation biotherapeutics.

Optimized Directed Evolution of E. coli leucyl-tRNA Synthetase adds many Noncanonical Amino Acids into the Eukaryotic Genetic Code Including Ornithine and N-Acetyl-Methyllysine.

Site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins in eukaryotes has predominantly relied on the pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. However, access to additional easily engineered pairs is crucial for expanding the structural diversity of the ncAA toolbox in eukaryotes. The Escherichia coli-derived leucyl-tRNA synthetase (EcLeuRS)/tRNA pair presents a particularly promising alternative.

Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Hispanic Population Living in Latin America Versus the United States.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a prevalence of 12%-24% in the Hispanic population. Previous research has demonstrated that disparities in healthcare access significantly influence patient outcomes. We aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of Hispanic females with TNBC living in Latin America (HPLA) to the Hispanic population in the United States (HPUS).

Preliminary evaluation of FAPI-04-PET/CT for differentiating recurrence and post-treatment changes in high-grade gliomas.

Fibroblast-activated protein (FAP) expression in glial cells is attributed to FAP-positive foci on tumor vessels and neoplastic cells. Preclinical and pilot studies have shown FAP expression in high-grade gliomas. We aimed at comparing PET imaging with FAP-inhibitor (FAPI-PET) with current standard, i.