Impulsivity and neuroticism share distinct functional connectivity signatures with alcohol-use risk in youth.

Increases in impulsivity and negative affect (e.g., neuroticism) are common during adolescence and are both associated with risk for alcohol-use initiation and other risk behaviors.

Mapping the coupling between tract reachability and cortical geometry of the human brain.

The study of cortical geometry and connectivity is prevalent in human brain research. However, these two aspects of brain structure are usually examined separately, leaving the essential connections between the brain's folding patterns and white matter connectivity unexplored. In this study, we aim to elucidate the fundamental links between cortical geometry and white matter tract connectivity.

Chronic pain is linked to a resting-state neural archetype that optimizes learning from punishments.

Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability, yet its underlying susceptibility traits remain unclear. Disorders like chronic pain may stem from extreme neural types, or archetypes, optimized for specific cognitive strategies and reflected in patterns of resting-state networks. Here, we examined a sample from the general population ( = 892) and three clinical samples with subacute back pain ( = 76), chronic back pain ( = 30), and treatment-resistant depression ( = 24).

Speaker differences in volitional voice modulation reflected in empathy and functional activation patterns.

How we use our voice is central to how we express information about ourselves to others. A speaker's dispositional social reactivity might contribute to how well they can volitionally modulate their voice to manage listener impressions. Here, we investigated individual differences in social vocal control performance in relation to social reactivity indices and underlying neural mechanisms.

Lifespan investigation of brain volumetric changes associated with substance use disorders.

Substance use disorder (SUD) stands as a critical public health concern, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality and societal costs. The effects of SUD on structural brain changes have been well documented. However, the neural mechanisms underlying SUD and the spatial-temporal volumetric changes associated with SUD remained underexplored.

Genetic risk-dependent brain markers of resilience to childhood Trauma.

Resilience to developing emotional disorders is critical for adolescent mental health, especially following childhood trauma. Yet, brain markers of resilience remain poorly understood. By analyzing brain responses to angry faces in a large-scale longitudinal adolescent cohort (IMAGEN), we identified two functional networks located in the orbitofrontal and occipital regions.

Hypervigilance to Pain May Predict the Transition from Subacute to Chronic Back Pain: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether incorporating additional psychological and social risk factors, beyond those captured by the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ), could enhance the prediction of the transition from subacute to chronic back pain.

Patients And Methods: Data of 75 patients with subacute back pain (SABP, 7-12 weeks) from a longitudinal observational study were analyzed. The ÖMPQ and additional emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and social factors were assessed at baseline.

Is the duration of surgical experience associated with a diverse range of individual personality traits?

Background: Surgery, a field marked by constant advancements in technique, calls for specific personality traits. The improvement of skills requires lifelong motivation, critical thinking and openness to new technologies. However, it remains unclear whether there is an association between the expression of personality traits such as motivation or critical thinking, and the duration of work experience.

In its very early phases, COVID-19 shifts the associations between alcohol consumption and psychological symptoms in young adults.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various aspects of daily life, leading to increased psychological symptoms and changes in alcohol use, yet little is known about their specific interactions, particularly early stages during the pandemic. We examined the relationship between psychological symptoms and alcohol-related behaviors associated with COVID-19, and determined whether associations shifted already early during the pandemic and whether changes in psychological symptoms from the pre- to during COVID-19 impacted changes in alcohol consumption.

Methods: Participants were young adults from a longitudinal cohort (N=435, age: 22-25) from two time points.

Framework for Brain-Derived Dimensions of Psychopathology.

Importance: Psychiatric diagnoses are not defined by neurobiological measures hindering the development of therapies targeting mechanisms underlying mental illness. Research confined to diagnostic boundaries yields heterogeneous biological results, whereas transdiagnostic studies often investigate individual symptoms in isolation.

Objective: To develop a framework that groups clinical symptoms compatible with ICD-10 and DSM-5 according to their covariation and shared brain mechanisms.

Lifespan investigation of brain volumetric changes associated with substance use disorders.

Substance use disorder (SUD) stands as a critical public health concern, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality and societal costs. The effects of SUD on structural brain changes have been well documented. However, the neural mechanisms underlying SUD and the spatial-temporal volumetric changes associated with SUD remained underexplored.

Adolescent maturation of cortical excitation-inhibition ratio based on individualized biophysical network modeling.

The excitation-inhibition ratio is a key functional property of cortical microcircuits which changes throughout an individual's lifespan. Adolescence is considered a critical period for maturation of excitation-inhibition ratio. This has primarily been observed in animal studies.

Association of cigarette and e-cigarette use with cannabis-related risk perceptions and intentions.

Background: This study examines the associations of current use of combustible cigarettes or e-cigarettes with perceived risk of cannabis use and intention to use cannabis within the next year.

Methods: Data from 8,521 German adolescents were collected between autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Former but not current users of cannabis or (e-)cigarettes were excluded from analyses.

ItemComplex: A Python-based visualization framework for ex-post organization and integration of large language-based datasets.

Background: Nowadays, both researchers and clinicians alike have to deal with increasingly larger datasets, specifically also in the context of mental health data. Sophisticated tools for dataset visualization of information from various item-based instruments, such as questionnaire data or data from digital applications or clinical documentations, are still lacking, specifically for an integration at multiple levels and for use in both data organization and appropriate construction for its valid use in subsequent analyses.

Methods: Here, we introduce , a Python-based framework for ex-post visualization of large datasets.

Penetrance of Neurodevelopmental Copy Number Variants Is Associated With Variations in Cortical Morphology.

Background: Copy number variants (CNVs) may increase the risk for neurodevelopmental conditions. The neurobiological mechanisms that link these high-risk genetic variants to clinical phenotypes are largely unknown. An important question is whether brain abnormalities in individuals who carry CNVs are associated with their degree of penetrance.

Early processing of traumatic material and contextual information in posttraumatic stress disorder and its relation to memory impairments.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exaggerated responses to trauma-relevant cues and impairments in relation to contextual information. However, it is not clear whether this dysfunction is related only to memory processes, or whether early perceptual and attentional processing is already dysfunctional. We examined early processing and retrieval of trauma-related cues and neutral contexts in 20 individuals diagnosed with PTSD (PTSD) and 20 trauma-exposed controls without diagnosis of PTSD (NPTSD) using simultaneous high-density electroencephalography and eye-tracking.

A Novel Diathesis-Stress Model of Comorbid Early Onset Psychiatric Disorders.

Importance: Psychiatric comorbidity is the norm. Identifying transdiagnostic risk factors will inform our understanding of developmental pathways and early intervention targets.

Objective: We recently reported that many psychiatric outcomes are predicted by a three-factor model composed of adolescent externalizing (EXT) behaviors, early life adversity, and dopamine autoreceptor availability.

Effects of functional electrical stimulation on cognition rate and gait in neurological patients during single- and dual-task walking.

People with neurological disorders and foot drop may suffer from cognitive-motor interference during walking. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) targets foot drop during gait but its effects on cognition remain underexplored. Fifteen individuals (4 males, 11 females; mean age 35.

Mapping the coupling between tract reachability and cortical geometry of the human brain.

The study of cortical geometry and connectivity is prevalent in research on the human brain. However, these two aspects of brain structure are usually examined separately, leaving the essential connections between the brain's folding patterns and white matter connectivity unexplored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate fundamental links between cortical geometry and white matter tract connectivity.

The moderating role of extraversion in the relationship between trait mindfulness and pain adaptation.

Introduction: Pain habituation, the reduction in response to repeated painful stimuli, is a positive adaptation process, while pain sensitization is linked to chronic pain. Traits like mindfulness and extraversion affect pain processing, but their influence on pain adaptation and potential interactions remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the relationship between trait mindfulness, extraversion, and pain adaptation, assessing their predictive value and any interaction effects.

Identification and External Validation of a Problem Cannabis Risk Network.

Background: Cannabis use is common, particularly during emerging adulthood when brain development is ongoing, and its use is associated with harmful outcomes for a subset of people. An improved understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying risk for problem-level use is critical to facilitate the development of more effective prevention and treatment approaches.

Methods: In the current study, we applied a whole-brain, data-driven, machine learning approach to identify neural features predictive of problem-level cannabis use in a nonclinical sample of college students (n = 191, 58% female) based on reward task functional connectivity data.

Cognitive predictors of mental health trajectories are mediated by inferior frontal and occipital development during adolescence.

Laboratory studies show brain maturation involves synaptic pruning and cognitive development. Human studies suggest links between early cognitive performance and later mental health, but inconsistencies remain. It is unclear if specific brain regions mediate this relationship, and the molecular underpinnings are not well understood.