Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Annulation of Indoles with Cyclopropanols: A Rapid Assembly of Indole-Fused Diazepinones.

The facile synthesis of indole-fused diazepinones via Rh(III)-catalyzed [4 + 3] annulation of indole derivatives with cyclopropyl alcohol by merging sequential C-H and C-C bond cleavage has been realized. Notably, the eight-membered diazocino[7,8,1-]indol-5-ones and seven-membered azepino[3,4-]indol-1(2)-ones could also be obtained via this tandem reaction strategy. This catalytic approach features mild reaction conditions, readily accessible starting materials, valuable products, and excellent atom-economy.

Phenomics-assisted genetic dissection and molecular design of drought resistance in rice.

Dissecting the mechanism of drought resistance (DR) and designing drought-resistant rice varieties are promising strategies to address the challenge of climate change. Here, we selected a typical drought-avoidant (DA) variety, IRAT109, and a drought-tolerant (DT) variety, Hanhui15, as parents to develop a stable recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (F, 1262 lines). The de novo assembled genomes of both parents were released.

Identification of Genetic Loci for Rice Seedling Mesocotyl Elongation in Both Natural and Artificial Segregating Populations.

Mesocotyl elongation of rice seedlings is a key trait for deep sowing tolerance and well seedling establishment in dry direct sowing rice (DDSR) production. Subsets of the Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1, 294 accessions) and Hanyou 73 (HY73) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (312 lines) were screened for mesocotyl length (ML) via dark germination. Six RDP1 accessions (Phudugey, Kasalath, CA902B21, Surjamkuhi, Djimoron, and Goria) had an ML longer than 10 cm, with the other 19 accessions being over 4 cm.

Genome-wide association study identifies a gene conferring high physiological phosphorus use efficiency in rice.

Phosphate (Pi) is indispensable for the growth and development of plant, and low-Pi stress is a major limitation for crop growth and yield worldwide. The tolerance to low-Pi stress varied among rice germplasm resources. However, the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of rice to low-Pi stress, as a complex quantitative trait, are not clear.

The impact of nucleic acid testing to detect human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus yields from a single blood center in China with 10-years review.

Background: Since 2010, the Blood Center of Zhejiang province, China, has conducted a pilot nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) screening of blood donors for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aims to assess the results of NAT testing over 10 years to establish the effects and factors influencing NAT yields of HBV, HCV, and HIV.

Methods: Blood donations from seven different blood services were screened for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA using 6 mini pools (6MP) or individual donation (ID)-NAT method between August 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, at the NAT centralized screening center.

Characteristic of HBV nucleic acid amplification testing yields from blood donors in China.

Background: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for blood screening has been previously performed in some countries to determine NAT yields. The current study sought to explore the non-discriminating reactive NAT yields using individual-NAT (ID-NAT) and characteristics of HBV NAT yields through a 10-year retrospective analysis in Zhejiang, China.

Methods: Blood donations were analyzed using individual-NAT mode by the transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) method.

A novel rice grain size gene OsSNB was identified by genome-wide association study in natural population.

Increasing agricultural productivity is one of the most important goals of plant science research and imperative to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.

Dynamic transcriptome and phytohormone profiling along the time of light exposure in the mesocotyl of rice seedling.

Mesocotyl elongation is an important trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in rice direct-seeding cultivation and is immediately inhibited after light exposure. Detailed researches on the molecular basis and biological processes underlying light repression of mesocotyl growth could probably provide useful information for key factors controlling this trait. Here we monitored the transcriptome and endogenous phytohormone changes specifically in the elongating mesocotyl in response to light exposure with a time-course.

Root Transcriptomic Analysis Revealing the Importance of Energy Metabolism to the Development of Deep Roots in Rice ( L.).

Drought is the most serious abiotic stress limiting rice production, and deep root is the key contributor to drought avoidance. However, the genetic mechanism regulating the development of deep roots is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptomes of 74 root samples from 37 rice varieties, representing the extreme genotypes of shallow or deep rooting, were surveyed by RNA-seq.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Plant Height and Grain Yield in Rice under Contrasting Moisture Regimes.

Drought is one of the vitally critical environmental stresses affecting both growth and yield potential in rice. Drought resistance is a complicated quantitative trait that is regulated by numerous small effect loci and hundreds of genes controlling various morphological and physiological responses to drought. For this study, 270 rice landraces and cultivars were analyzed for their drought resistance.

Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) of mesocotyl elongation based on re-sequencing approach in rice.

Background: Mechanized dry seeded rice can save both labour and water resources. Rice seedling establishment is sensitive to sowing depth while mesocotyl elongation facilitates the emergence of deeply sown seeds.

Results: A set of 270 rice accessions, including 170 from the mini-core collection of Chinese rice germplasm (C Collection) and 100 varieties used in a breeding program for drought resistance (D Collection), was screened for mesocotyl lengths of seedlings grown in water (MLw) in darkness and in 5 cm sand culture (MLs).

Quantitative trait locus mapping of deep rooting by linkage and association analysis in rice.

Deep rooting is a very important trait for plants' drought avoidance, and it is usually represented by the ratio of deep rooting (RDR). Three sets of rice populations were used to determine the genetic base for RDR. A linkage mapping population with 180 recombinant inbred lines and an association mapping population containing 237 rice varieties were used to identify genes linked to RDR.

Genetic, proteomic and metabolic analysis of the regulation of energy storage in rice seedlings in response to drought.

We used proteomic analysis to determine the response of rice plant seedlings to drought-induced stress. The expression of 71 protein spots was significantly altered, and 60 spots were successfully identified. The greatest down-regulated protein functional category was translation.

Profiling and association mapping of grain metabolites in a subset of the core collection of Chinese rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.).

In this study, metabolic profiles of a set of 48 rice germplasms from the Chinese core collection were obtained by gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Forty-one metabolites were identified and relatively quantified according to the internal standard (IS). Wide ranges of variations for all metabolites were observed among rice accessions.

Proteomic analysis of rice leaves shows the different regulations to osmotic stress and stress signals.

Following the idea of partial root-zone drying (PRD) in crop cultivation, the morphological and physiological responses to partial root osmotic stress (PROS) and whole root osmotic stress (WROS) were investigated in rice. WROS caused stress symptoms like leaf rolling and membrane leakage. PROS stimulated stress signals, but did not cause severe leaf damage.

Population structure and association mapping on chromosome 7 using a diverse panel of Chinese germplasm of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The majority of 170 rice accessions used in this study were diverse landraces or varieties from a putative mini-core collection of Chinese germplasm along with some widely used parental lines in genetic analysis or breeding (a few from abroad). The population was genotyped using 84 SSR or InDel markers on chromosome 7 and 48 markers on other chromosomes. The phenotyping of heading date, plant height and panicle length were carried out in different locations for 2 years.