Head and Neck Cancer in Southeast Asia: 2022 Incidence, Mortality, and Projections to 2050.

Objectives: To characterize the incidence, mortality, and disparities in head and neck cancer (HNC) across Southeast Asia (SEA) in 2022 and project trends to 2050 to inform cancer planning.

Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis using 2022 Global Cancer Observatory data from 11 SEA countries. We analyzed cancers of the lip and oral cavity, salivary glands, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and thyroid.

The Burden of Genitourinary Malignancies in Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2021.

Background And Objective: The global burden of genitourinary (GU) cancers is rising; yet, the specific burden on the diverse population of 700 million in Southeast Asia (SEA) remains poorly understood. This study presents the most updated trends in the incidence and mortality of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancer patients across SEA from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were analyzed for the incidence, deaths, and age-standardized rates by sex and age of patients with four major GU cancers across 11 SEA countries from 1990 to 2021.

Knowledge and Awareness of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Medicine Among International Stakeholders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical stakeholders regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among stakeholders in medicine. Participants included researchers, clinicians, and medical journal editors with varying degrees of familiarity with GAI tools.

National cancer control plans in Latin America and the Caribbean: challenges and future directions.

In this Policy Review, we examine cancer incidence and mortality rates across Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on national cancer control plans (NCCPs) as frameworks for reducing the cancer burden in the region. By 2022, only 16 countries had active NCCPs, with eight being cancer specific and eight being integrated into public health plans. Our analysis found that dedicated NCCPs were linked to reduced cancer incidence but not reduced mortality.

Impact of suboptimal cancer care in the Commonwealth: a scoping review and call to action.

Cancer is a global health challenge, with considerable disparities in care and outcomes across regions. Up to half of health outcome disparities are driven by social determinants of health. Addressing these disparities has become a priority.

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical risk and pathologic response.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate surgical complications, pathologic responses, and disease progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conduct across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) and grey literature sources to identify neoadjuvant therapies in head and neck cancer patients. Only prospective clinical trials were included.

Antimicrobial resistance in patients with haematological malignancies: a scoping review.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial global health threat. Patients with haematological malignancies have an increased risk of AMR infection due to disease-related and treatment-related immunosuppression. This scoping review searched four bibliographic databases from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 7, 2023, for publications on AMR bacterial infections in patients with haematological malignancies and identified 274 eligible articles.

National Cancer System Characteristics and Global Pan-Cancer Outcomes.

Importance: Approximately 29.9 million cancer cases and 15.3 million deaths are anticipated by 2040 globally, necessitating cancer system strengthening.

Cancer incidence and mortality estimates in 2022 in southeast Asia: a comparative analysis.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in southeast Asia. We aimed to present and interpret cancer incidence and mortality statistics in the 11 constituent countries of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam to inform research priorities, health services, and cancer policy.

Methods: The number of new incident cases and deaths for all cancers combined and for leading cancers were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for the 11 countries in southeast Asia.

Brazilian pediatric patients with gliomas: treatment characteristics and survival outcomes.

Background: The current study aimed to determine the overall survival (OS) rates of patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas in Brazil, accounting for the influence of age, treatment modalities, and tumor site, using a population-based national database.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas of central nervous system (CNS) from 1999-2020 were identified from The Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo public database. The Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test were used for survival analysis.

Baseline surveillance in Li Fraumeni syndrome using whole-body MRI: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Objectives: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer syndrome associated with early-onset neoplasias. The use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) is recommended for regular cancer screening, however, evidence supporting the benefits in asymptomatic LFS patients is limited. This study aims to assess the clinical utility of WBMRI in germline TP53 mutation carriers at baseline and follow-up.

Growing the global cancer care system: success stories from around the world and lessons for the future.

Despite major biomedical advancements in various realms of oncology, the benefits of these developments are not equitably distributed, particularly in underresourced settings. Although much work has described the challenges and systemic barriers in global cancer control, in this article we focus on success stories. This article describes clinical care delivered at Rwanda's Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence, the cancer research collaborations under India's National Cancer Grid, and the efforts of Latin America's Institute of Cancer of São Paulo in advancing cancer care and training.

Latin American Consensus on the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known as a serious health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries or those with limited resources, such as most countries in Latin America. International guidelines cannot always be applied to a population from a large region with specific conditions. This study established a Latin American guideline for care of patients with head and neck cancer and presented evidence of HNSCC management considering availability and oncologic benefit.

Optimizing Clinical Implementation of Hypofractionation: Comprehensive Evidence Synthesis and Practical Guidelines for Low- and Middle-Income Settings.

The global cancer burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), worsens existing disparities, amplified by the rising costs of advanced treatments. The shortage of radiation therapy (RT) services is a significant issue in LMICs. Extended conventional treatment regimens pose significant challenges, especially in resource-limited settings.

Common Sense (Radiation) Oncology: Redefining targets in radiotherapy.

In 2023, the Common Sense Oncology (CSO) movement was launched with the goal of recalibrating cancer care to focus on outcomes that matter to patients. We extend the three CSO pillars - evidence generation, interpretation and communication - to radiation oncology and advocate for better evidence demonstrating the value of our modality.

Lessons learned for spine SABR?

•SABR has shown survival benefits in oligometastatic cases, particularly in low-volume metastatic disease states.•Spine SABR offers potential improvements in local control, and pain response for metastatic spine tumors.•Technical requirements for SABR, like advanced image guidance and immobilization systems, are increasingly available.

Meta-Analysis of Stereotactic Body Radiation ThERapy in Nonspine BONE Metastases (MASTER-BONES).

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with nonspine bone metastases remains in question. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate SBRT treatment outcomes in nonspine bone metastases.

Methods And Materials: Eligible studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, Scielo, the Cochrane Library, and annual meeting proceedings through July 6, 2023.

A Precise Approach for Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer.

Radiotherapy is an integral part of the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer (BC). There have been multiple recent advances in the delivery of radiotherapy, reviewed with a critical discussion of the evidence from trials investigating adjuvant ultra-hypofractionation and partial breast irradiation for early-stage BC, and the locoregional management of lymph nodes in locally advanced BC. Multiple precision medicine-based approaches have been developed as prognostic and/or predictive for BC patients and identifying biomarkers of radioresistance could help identify patients that may benefit from dose-escalated radiotherapy or radiosensitizers.

Real-World Evidence on the Use of Endocrine Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients Treated With Breast-Conserving Surgery Followed by Postoperative Radiation Therapy: A Brazilian Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction/background: This study aims to evaluate the reproducibility of findings from randomized controlled trials regarding adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) for breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a real-life scenario.

Materials/methods: This retrospective cohort study used Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo database. It included DCIS patients DCIS who received breast-conserving surgery and postoperative radiation therapy.

Recommended first-line management of asymptomatic brain metastases from EGFR mutant and ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer varies significantly according to specialty: an international survey of clinical practice.

Background: The role for radiotherapy or surgery in the upfront management of brain metastases (BrM) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (m) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation positive (+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is uncertain because of a lack of prospective evidence supporting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy. Further understanding of practice heterogeneity is necessary to guide collaborative efforts in establishing guideline recommendations.

Methods: We conducted an international survey among medical (MO), clinical (CO), and radiation oncologists (RO), as well as neurosurgeons (NS), of treatment recommendations for asymptomatic BrM (in non-eloquent regions) EGFRm or ALK+ NSCLC patients according to specific clinical scenarios.

Real-world evidence for oncological outcomes after radiotherapy or surgery for T1a-T1b glottic squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Compare outcomes after surgery (S) or radiotherapy (RT) for T1a-T1b glottic squamous cell carcinoma (T1GSCC) in a population-based cohort study.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with T1GSCC from 1999 to 2020 were identified from a public database. Clinical, demographic, and social data were extracted.

Radiotherapy resources in Brazil (RT2030): a comprehensive analysis and projections for 2030.

Background: The demand for radiotherapy in Brazil is unfulfilled, and the scarcity of data on the national network hampers the development of effective policies. We aimed to evaluate the current situation, estimate demands and requirements, and provide an action plan to ensure access to radiotherapy for those in need by 2030.

Methods: The Brazilian Society for Radiation Oncology created a task force (RT2030) including physicians, medical physicists, policy makers, patient advocates, and suppliers, all of whom were major stakeholders involved in Brazilian radiotherapy care.