Stereoselective Behavior and Risk of Chiral Benzovindiflupyr in Soil, Water, and Hydroponically Grown Pak Choi.

Benzovindiflupyr (BEN) is a novel chiral fungicide that functions as a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor. However, investigations of the environmental behavior of BEN at the enantiomeric level are limited. This study on the dissipation of BEN in five distinct soil types demonstrated that the dissipation of the 1, 4-BEN and 1, 4-BEN enantiomers in nonsterilized soil followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives ranging from 38.

Occurrence and Ecological Risks of Neonicotinoids in Wheat, Corn and Rice Field Soils in China.

The global application of neonicotinoids (NEOs) has precipitated pervasive contamination of agricultural matrices, with China's staple crop lands representing critical exposure hotspots. The occurrence and ecological risks of ten NEOs in the field soils of three major crops (i.e.

Comprehensive effects of acetamiprid uptake and translocation from soil on pak choi and lettuce at the environmental level.

Acetamiprid (ACE) is widely used in agriculture to control pests. However, its accumulation in soil and subsequent translocation to plants can impact plant growth and development through mechanisms that remain unclear. This study evaluated the comprehensive effects of residual ACE from soil on cultivated pak choi and lettuce at environmental levels.

Spatial-temporal distribution and potential risk of pesticides in ambient air in the North China Plain.

The intensive use of pesticides in the North China Plain (NCP) has resulted in widespread contamination of pesticides in the local atmosphere, posing risks to air quality and human health. However, the occurrence and distribution of atmospheric pesticides in the NCP as well as their risk assessment have not been well investigated. In this study, 300 monthly samples were collected using passive air samplers with polyurethane foam at ten rural sites with different crop systems in Quzhou county, the NCP, from June 2021 to May 2022.

Residues and dietary risk assessment of fluazinam in root mustard after field experiments.

The residue levels of fluazinam in root mustard were investigated by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Samples of leaf and root mustard were analyzed. The recoveries of fluazinam were 85.

Residue behavior and risk assessment of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole in peppers under different growing conditions.

This study evaluates the residue behavior and risks of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole in peppers. An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the concentration of these fungicides in peppers was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Pepper samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned with primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black.

Efficient degradation of imidacloprid in soil by thermally activated persulfate process: Performance, kinetics, and mechanisms.

Imidacloprid (IMI) as a first-generation commercial neonicotinoid has been frequently detected in the environment in recent years. In this study, the efficient degradation of IMI in soil by a thermally activated persulfate (PS) process was investigated. The degradation efficiencies of IMI were in the range of 82-97% with the PS dosage of 10 mM, when the initial concentrations of IMI were 5-50 mg/kg in the soil.

Early evaluation of adjuvant effects on topramezone efficacy under different temperature conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence tests.

Proper selection of adjuvant applications is an important strategy to enhance herbicide efficacy and reduce active ingredient input especially under adverse environmental conditions. In this study, a two-factor split-plot-design experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two adjuvants on the efficacy of topramezone on the grassy weed species giant foxtail ( Herrm.) and the broadleaved weed species velvetleaf ( Medik.

Predicting pesticide dissipation half-life intervals in plants with machine learning models.

Pesticide dissipation half-life in plants is an important factor to assessing environmental fate of pesticides and establishing pre-harvest intervals critical to good agriculture practices. However, empirically measured pesticide dissipation half-lives are highly variable and the accurate prediction with models is challenging. This study utilized a dataset of pesticide dissipation half-lives containing 1363 datapoints, 311 pesticides, 10 plant types, and 4 plant component classes.

Insight into the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of the fungicide phenamacril in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

The fungal species Fusarium can cause devastating disease in agricultural crops. Phenamacril is an extremely specific cyanoacrylate fungicide and a strobilurine analog that has excellent efficacy against Fusarium. To date, information on the mechanisms involved in the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of phenamacril in plants is scarce.

Uptake, Translocation, and Biotransformation of Neonicotinoid Imidaclothiz in Hydroponic Vegetables: Implications for Potential Intake Risks.

Imidaclothiz is a novel and systemic neonicotinoid pesticide with excellent insecticidal efficacy. However, knowledge of its uptake, translocation, and biotransformation within plants is still largely unknown, restricting work on its accurate and comprehensive risk assessment. Here, we systematically investigated the behavior of imidaclothiz in three plant-water systems via hydroponic experiments.

Occurrence and dietary risk assessment of 37 pesticides in wheat fields in the suburbs of Beijing, China.

The co-occurrence of multiple pesticides in wheat fields adversely affects human health and the environment. Herein, 206 pairs of wheat and soil samples were collected from wheat fields in Beijing, China from 2018 to 2020. One or multiple pesticide residues were detected, and carbendazim (maximum: 38511.

Determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue and dissipation in cowpea by QuEChERS combining with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The dissipation and residue levels of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in cowpea were investigated under field conditions. Samples of cowpea were analyzed using a QuEChERS technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The recoveries were 86.

Dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of seven succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in watermelon by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

In this study, a simple and accurate sample preparation method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the determination of seven novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (isopyrazam, fluopyram, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, penthiopyrad, fluxapyroxad, and thifluzamide) in watermelon. The watermelon samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure using primary secondary amine, extracted and concentrated by the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and then analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The main experimental factors affecting the performance of dispersive solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure on extraction efficiency were investigated.

Dissipation and residues of fluazinam and dimethomorph in potatoes, potato plants, and soil, determined by QuEChERS ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Fluazinam and dimethomorph 35% suspension concentrate (SC) is a new combined fungicide formulation introduced in China to improve fungicidal efficacy and decrease the risk of resistance in potatoes. Fluazinam and dimethomorph dissipation and residues in potatoes, potato plants, and soil under field conditions were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fluazinam and dimethomorph 35% SC was applied at two doses to potatoes and soil in Ningxia Autonomous Region and Anhui Province, China.

Residue behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of carbosulfan and its metabolites in cucumber.

The residue behavior and dietary intake risks of carbosulfan and its metabolites in cucumbers were investigated. A quick and reliable method for determining carbosulfan and its metabolite residues in cucumbers was established using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The fortified recoveries ranged from 87.

Determination of oxathiapiprolin concentration and dissipation in grapes and soil by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: The residue concentrations and dissipation rate of a new oxathiapiprolin fungicide in grapes and soil were investigated to provide an evaluation for the safe use of oxathiapiprolin in grapes. Pesticide residue was extracted by acetonitrile, then purified by solid-phase extraction with an Envi-Carb cartridge and determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results: The fortified recoveries ranged from 85.

Residue behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of three fungicides in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions.

The residue behavior and dietary intake risk of three fungicides (pyrimethanil, iprodione, kresoxim-methyl) in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in greenhouse were investigated. A simple, rapid analytical method for the quantification of fungicide residues in tomatoes was developed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum detection (GC-MSD).

Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in wheat and maize samples.

A rapid, selective and sensitive sample preparation method based on solid-phase extraction combined with the dispersive liquid-liquid microextration was developed for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in wheat and maize samples. Initially, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile and water solution followed phase separation with the salt addition. The following sample preparation involves a solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction step, which effectively provide cleanup and enrichment effects.

Concentrations and dissipation of difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad residues in apples and soil, determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A new combined difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad fungicide formulation, as an 11.7 % suspension concentrate (SC), has been introduced as part of a resistance management strategy. The dissipation of difenoconazole and fluxapyroxad applied to apples and the residues remaining in the apples were determined.

[Determination of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethen residues in honey by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction].

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues in honey was developed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as sample preparation method. The samples were extracted with chloroform, and concentrated into chloroform by vortex and centrifuging. The analytes were analyzed by GC-MS.

[Preparation of nicosulfuron molecularly imprinted microspheres and research of adsorption characteristics].

Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIPMs) for binding and recognition of nicosulfuron (NS) (NS-MIPMs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the functional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the linking agent, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and chloroform as the porogenic solvent. The preparation conditions were optimized, and MIPMs exhibited the best adsorption capacity when the molar ratio of NS/MAA/TRIM/AIBN was 1:4:4:1 and the volume of the porogenic solvent was 90 mL.

Combination of dispersive solid-phase extraction and salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in cereal grains.

A new analytical method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in cereal samples was developed by combining dispersive SPE (d-SPE) and salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (SHLLE). The pesticides were first extracted from cereal grains with acetonitrile, followed by d-SPE cleanup. A 2 mL aliquot of the extract was then added to a centrifuge tube containing 9.

Dissipation rates and final residues of kresoxim-methyl in strawberry and soil.

In order to study the dissipation rates and final residues of kresoxim-methyl in strawberry and soil, two independent filed trials were performed in Beijing China. The application rates are set at 195 g of active gradient per hectare. A simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of kresoxim-methyl in strawberry and soil.

Extraction of pesticides in water samples using vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction.

A simple solvent microextraction method termed vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) coupled with gas chromatography micro electron-capture detector (GC-microECD) has been developed and used for the pesticide residue analysis in water samples. In the VALLME method, aliquots of 30 microL toluene used as extraction solvent were directly injected into a 25 mL volumetric flask containing the water sample. The extraction solvent was dispersed into the water phase under vigorously shaking with the vortex.