Prediction of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease conversion by a plasma biomarker panel in non-demented individuals.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a growing global health burden, underscoring the urgent need for reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Although several disease-modifying treatments have recently become available, their effects remain limited, as they primarily delay rather than halt disease progression. Thus, the early and accurate identification of individuals at elevated risk for conversion to AD dementia is crucial to maximize the effectiveness of these therapies and to facilitate timely intervention strategies.

Genetic manipulation of OGT enhances NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor immunity.

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells are essential effectors in immune surveillance and cancer immunotherapy, but their function is often compromised by metabolic stress and environmental factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification, regulates immune responses, yet its impact on NK cell function and therapeutic potential in immune cell-based therapies remains underexplored.

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance tumor immunity.

Photodegradation of PET plastics produces persistent compounds that accumulate in sediments.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used plastics, particularly in packaging and textiles. Although PET is widely used in consumer products, only 10-28 % is recycled. Most PET waste is not properly managed.

Source-specific contamination process revealed by mercury isotope analyses and hydrodynamic modeling in an estuary.

While mercury (Hg) concentration and isotope analyses play pivotal roles in understanding contamination levels and Hg sources, complex hydrodynamics often obscure Hg transport pathways from source to sink. We applied hydrodynamic modeling with Hg stable isotopes to unravel source-specific contamination processes and propose effective management strategies in an estuarine system (Yeongil Bay) impacted by Hg-contaminated riverine input (Hyeongsan River) in Korea. Sediment isotope data revealed contributions of three sources: legacy Hg from the river, regional background Hg, and atmospheric Hg sources.

Study on non-invasive and time-course metabolomics-based biological early warning systems (BEWS) using Daphnia magna and field river water.

The application of metabolomics to the water quality monitoring system, biological early warning system (BEWS), has been proposed; however, its development has not been attempted due to challenges such as high inter-individual variability and invasive sampling requirements in metabolomics applications. In this study, we employed an extracellular metabolomics (exo-metabolomics) approach using Daphnia magna to overcome these limitations and evaluate its utility in field river water conditions. From BEWS flow-through chambers, we collected exo-metabolites under ambient, copper exposure (0-80 μg/L), and post-exposure conditions.

A xanthone O-glucoside isolated from Iris setosa Pall. ex Link exhibits promising anti-amoebic activity against the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Background: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by Naegleria fowleri, poses a significant challenge in humans owing to its high mortality rate, exceeding 97 %. Current therapeutics have been unable to deliver satisfactory treatment outcomes, due to suboptimal efficacy and toxicity, highlighting the critical need for efficacious drug development. In this study, we identified a natural compound, 3,5-Dihydroxy-8‑methoxy-1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl xanthone (DX), which exhibited promising anti-N.

Association between residential greenness and allergic diseases among adolescents in South Korea: A nationwide representative study.

Background: Residential greenness is an important environmental factor potentially influencing the development of allergic diseases in adolescents; however, its impact remains understudied in South Korea. This study aimed to examine the association between residential greenness and allergic disease prevalence using nationally representative data.

Method: We analyzed data from 1,130,598 adolescents (7-12th grade) participating in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2007-2024).

Antibiotic exposure and drug-induced intracranial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/objectives: Drug-induced intracranial hypertension (DIH) is a rare condition that has been associated with several risk factors, including exposure to certain medications. Herein, we synthesised the literature-pooled quantitative risk of developing DIH with antibiotics use.

Subjects/methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched (inception to June 2024).

Extracellular Domain Shedding of TROP2 Activates EGFR Signaling to Drive Prostate Cancer Metastasis.

Metastasis is the main cause of prostate cancer-associated deaths, highlighting the urgent need to determine the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression. TROP2 (also known as TACSTD2) is an oncogenic transmembrane surface protein that is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. Naturally occurring cleavage of TROP2 leads to a release of the TROP2 extracellular domain (TECD) into the extracellular environment.

Unusual Ferromagnetic Band Evolution and High Curie Temperature in Monolayer 1T-CrTe on Bilayer Graphene.

2D van der Waals ferromagnets hold immense promise for spintronic applications due to their controllability and versatility. Despite their significance, the realization and in-depth characterization of ferromagnetic materials in atomically thin single layers, close to the true 2D limit, has been scarce. Here, a successful synthesis of monolayer (ML) 1T-CrTe is reported on a bilayer graphene (BLG) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) action on hypothalamic feeding circuits.

Hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the paraventricular hypothalamic area (PVH), and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), integrate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signals to regulate feeding behavior, body weight, and glucose homeostasis. Recent advances have revealed that both endogenous GLP-1, produced by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and pharmacological GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) engage distinct and overlapping hypothalamic circuits. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects involve circuit redundancy, diverse modes of signal integration, and context-dependent actions of different GLP-1R ligands.

Association and Prognostic Implications of "No-Reflow Phenomenon" and Hypercoagulability in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the "no-reflow phenomenon" is associated with a worse outcome. However, it remains unclear how to prevent and treat this phenomenon during PCI.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between thrombogenicity profiles and "no-reflow phenomenon" during primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

The Pdgfd-Pdgfrb axis orchestrates tumor-nerve crosstalk in pancreatic cancer.

Nerves are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, contributing to cancer progression, metastasis, morbidity, and mortality. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), worse clinical outcomes are associated with perineural invasion (PNI), a process by which cancer cells surround and invade nerves. Here, we employed whole-transcriptome and single-cell spatial transcriptomics to identify candidate tumor-nerve interactions that promote PNI.

Dual Inhibition of sEH and COX-2 Improved Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease via Enhanced Myogenic Response and Cerebral Artery Distensibility.

Genetic studies have linked (encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase, sEH) and (encoding cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated levels of sEH and COX-2 found in AD patients and animals suggest their involvement in neurodegeneration, glial activation, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation. This study evaluated the effects of a new dual sEH/COX-2 inhibitor, PTUPB, on cerebrovascular function and cognition in TgF344-AD rats.

Affinity Maturation and Light-Chain-Mediated Paratope Diversification Anticipate Viral Evolution.

A key goal of vaccinology is to train the immune system to combat current pathogens while simultaneously preparing it for future evolved variants. Understanding factors contributing to anticipatory breadth, wherein affinity maturation against an ancestral strain yields neutralization capacity against evolved variants, is therefore of great importance. Here, we investigated the mechanism of anticipatory breadth development in a public antibody family targeting the functionally restricted ACE2 binding site on SARS-CoV-2.

Frontoparietal Hubs Leverage Probabilistic Representations and Integrated Uncertainty to Guide Cognitive Flexibility.

Unlabelled: Adaptive behavior requires integrating information from multiple sources. These sources can originate from distinct channels, such as internally maintained latent cognitive representations or externally presented sensory cues. Because these signals are often stochastic and carry inherent uncertainty, integration is challenging.

Cellular expansion of hepatocellular carcinoma organoids using decellularized liver scaffolds.

Background: A decellularized liver scaffold (DLS) is a three-dimensional acellular extracellular matrix created by removing cellular components from liver tissue. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoids represent a useful experimental model.

Methods: HCC organoids from patient-derived xenografts (PDX), liver organoids, and HepG2 cells were expanded by cultivation within a murine DLS.

Diagnostic and prognostic performance of methylation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation.

Background: DNA methylation is under investigation as an early diagnostic biomarker for cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). p21-activated protein kinase 1 () demonstrates a high methylation tendency in HCC. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic performance of methylation in liver transplantation (LT) recipients with and without HCC.

Management of posttraumatic refractory paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity with bromocriptine: a case report.

This case report describes a unique instance of refractory paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) in a 19-year-old woman following a traumatic brain injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The patient presented in a semicomatose state with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 (E1, VT, M2), a significant left frontotemporal subdural hematoma, and a midline shift that necessitated emergency craniectomy and hematoma evacuation. Postoperatively, she developed recurrent episodes of hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, diaphoresis, rigidity, and eyeball deviation triggered by non-noxious stimuli.

An Integrative Analysis of Psychological Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Online and Social Media Exposure on Drought Mitigation-Related Outcomes.

Climate change is an urgent environmental risk. This study examines an integrative model suggesting psychological pathways from drought-related information exposure through online and social media to drought mitigation behavioral intentions and support for drought management policies. The model proposes links between these variables through perceived risks, fear, anger, and hope, with institutional trust acting as a moderator.

The Clinical Impact of Intravascular Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with High Thrombus Burden.

Despite the established clinical efficacy following intravascular imaging (IVI)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than angiography-guided PCI, evidence regarding prognostic benefits of IVI-guided PCI in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with high thrombus burden remains limited. Using the nationwide registries of KAMIR-NIH and KAMIR-V, we evaluated the prognostic impact of IVI-guided PCI in AMI patients with high thrombus burden. A total of 4,074 patients with AMI and TIMI thrombus grades 4 or 5 who underwent aspiration thrombectomy were selected, of whom 892 patients (21.

Two new polyketides and a new γ-lactone-derived furanone from a soil fungus Trichoderma spirale BHM2-5.

Two previously undescribed polyketides, bukhansanketides A (1) and B (2), along with a γ-lactone-derived furanone, (S)-(-)-bukhansanfuranone (3), were isolated from Trichoderma spirale BHM2-5, together with four known compounds (4-7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS data, as well as DP4+ probability analysis, the modified Mosher's method, or VCD calculations. All isolated compounds (1-7) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549, SK-OV-3, and HCT-8 cancer cell lines.

Novel approaches to clinical trial design in cancer neuroscience.

The emerging field of cancer neuroscience has revealed profound bidirectional interactions between the nervous system and cancer cells, identifying novel therapeutic vulnerabilities across diverse malignancies. This review examines the unique challenges and strategies for translating these insights into effective therapies. We propose innovative approaches to overcome these barriers through drug repurposing, enhanced biomarker development, and optimized trial designs.