Complications of growth-friendly techniques in early onset scoliosis of neurofibromatosis type 1: a case series.

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a genetic disease with many clinical manifestations, including early onset scoliosis (EOS). There has been increasing interest in the use of growing rod constructs in these patients. Our study seeks to understand the complication rates of these procedures in patients with NF-1.

HEV seroprevalence and associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals in post-earthquake Kathmandu: a 2016 cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in immunocompromised populations such as those living with HIV. Limited data exist on HEV seroprevalence and its correlates among HIV-positive individuals in urban low-resource settings, especially in the aftermath of disasters. This study investigates HEV seroprevalence and risk factors among HIV positive individuals in 2016, a post-earthquake period in Kathmandu, Nepal, with relevance to ongoing challenges in 2025.

Mechanical Failures as Predicted by Achieving Local vs Global T4-L1 Hip Axis Goals: A Single Center Experience.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of T4-L1 Hip Axis Error (HAE) and L1PA Error (L1PAE) on mechanical failure following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, and to assess how error directionality and fusion length influence outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: The T4-L1 Hip Axis is a novel framework for defining normative sagittal alignment by aligning thoracic and lumbar curvatures relative to the pelvis.

Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in dengue patients: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospitals in Koshi Province, Nepal.

Introduction: Dengue fever remains a public health challenge in Nepal, with hematological abnormalities like leukopenia and thrombocytopenia often observed. However, their prevalence and clinical significance outside the Kathmandu Valley remain poorly characterized. This study examines these markers in Koshi Province, a region prone to recurrent outbreaks but with limited data, to enhance regional understanding and early severity detection.

Multidomain postoperative recovery trajectories after lumbar and thoracolumbar spine surgery.

Background Context: Understanding early postoperative recovery is crucial for improving perioperative care and long-term outcomes. Traditional recovery assessments relying primarily on cross-sectional patient-reported measures may not fully capture the complexity of the recovery process.

Purpose: Our study evaluates early postoperative recovery using mobile health assessment and explores the relationship between early recovery patterns, multidomain recovery, and long-term outcomes.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Three Presenting Phenotypes of Chiari Type-1 Malformation and Syringomyelia.

Background And Objectives: Chiari type-1 malformation (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM) are common related pediatric neurosurgical conditions with heterogeneous clinical and radiological presentations that offer challenges related to diagnosis and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been used in other fields of medicine to identify different phenotypic clusters that guide clinical care. In this study, we use a novel, combined data-driven and clinician input feature selection process and AI clustering to differentiate presenting phenotypes of CM1 + SM.

Impact of Upper Limb Motor Recovery on Functional Independence After Traumatic Low Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating loss of upper limb function and independence. Restoration of upper limb function can have a profound impact on independence and quality of life. In low-cervical SCI (level C5-C8), upper limb function can be restored via reinnervation strategies such as nerve transfer surgery.

Cervical spinal cord compression from subdural hematoma caused by traumatic nerve root avulsion: illustrative case.

Background: Posttraumatic intradural hematomas of the cervical spine are rare findings that may yield significant neurological deficits if they compress the spinal cord. These compressive hematomas require prompt surgical evacuation. In certain instances, intradural hematomas may form from avulsion of cervical nerve roots.

An updated management algorithm for incorporating minimally invasive techniques to treat thoracolumbar trauma.

Objective: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques can effectively stabilize and decompress many thoracolumbar injuries with decreased morbidity and tissue destruction compared with open approaches. Nonetheless, there is limited direction regarding the breadth and limitations of MIS techniques for thoracolumbar injuries. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to 1) identify the range of current practice patterns for thoracolumbar trauma and 2) integrate expert opinion and literature review to develop an updated treatment algorithm.

Incidence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a cohort of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objectives: Examine the incidence and predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of patients with ICH.

Patients And Methods: This study uses a prospective cohort of 108 patients with complete follow-up data including a questionnaire regarding stress symptoms (PCL-S: PTSD checklist specific for a stressor) at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results: The incidence of novel stress symptoms following ICH was approximately 6.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine bridged combretastatin derivatives as potential anticancer agents and mechanistic studies.

A number of pyrimidine bridged combretastatin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines using MTT assays. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed good anticancer activity with IC values in low micro-molar range. Compounds 4a and 4p were found most potent in the series with IC values of 4.

Biomarkers of Functional Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Interplay between Clinical Metrics, CD163, and Ferritin.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with neurological decline and poor prognosis. Although many etiologic models have been explored, secondary damage caused by continued inflammation and iron exposure from red blood cell lysis may explain poor outcomes at distant follow-up. Examining serum samples of patients with ICH for biomarkers of iron physiology may yield relationships between iron exposure and functional outcomes.

Prognosticating Functional Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The ICHOP Score.

Background: The morbidity, mortality, and monetary cost associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is devastatingly high. Several scoring systems have been proposed to prognosticate outcomes after ICH, although the original ICH Score is still the most widely used. However, recent research suggests that systemic physiologic factors, such as those included in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, may also influence outcome.

Computerized spiral analysis using the iPad.

Background: Digital analysis of writing and drawing has become a valuable research and clinical tool for the study of upper limb motor dysfunction in patients with essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and related disorders. We developed a validated method of computerized spiral analysis of hand-drawn Archimedean spirals that provides insight into movement dynamics beyond subjective visual assessment using a Wacom graphics tablet. While the Wacom tablet method provides robust data, more widely available mobile technology platforms exist.

A Perspective on Monoamine Oxidase Enzyme as Drug Target: Challenges and Opportunities.

The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme is responsible for the deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters and regulates their concentration in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Imbalance in the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain and central nervous system is linked with the biochemical pathology of various neurogenic disorders. Irreversible MAO inhibitors were the first line drugs developed for the management of severe depression but most of these were withdrawn from the clinical practice due to their fatal side effects including food-drug interactions.

Persistent Interneuronopathy in the Prefrontal Cortex of Young Adult Offspring Exposed to Ethanol In Utero.

Unlabelled: Gestational exposure to ethanol has been reported to alter the disposition of tangentially migrating GABAergic cortical interneurons, but much remains to be elucidated. Here we first established the migration of interneurons as a proximal target of ethanol by limiting ethanol exposure in utero to the gestational window when tangential migration is at its height. We then asked whether the aberrant tangential migration of GABAergic interneurons persisted as an enduring interneuronopathy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) later in the life of offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol.