Treatment Patterns and Triple Therapy Utilization in Chinese Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Analysis of Real-World Data from the Yinzhou Database.

Purpose: Triple therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), consisting of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) has shown benefits in patients with COPD. However, little is known about the use of triple therapy in Chinese patients. This study aims to describe the treatment patterns and the utilization of triple therapy in COPD patients based on real-world data from China.

Impacts of COPD exacerbation history on mortality and severe cardiovascular events among patients with COPD in China: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations are associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between COPD exacerbations and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in China.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Chinese patients with COPD aged ≥ 40 years from the Yinzhou regional electronic health records database.

Porous PtCu Alloys Decode Plasma Metabolic Fingerprints for the Recognition of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Rapid and accurate recognition of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) would facilitate the optimal intervention. Currently, the diagnosis of severe CAP is commonly based on the criteria established by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS), which include 2 primary and 9 secondary criteria, making the process cumbersome and time-consuming. Here, a porous PtCu alloy-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) is designed for the extraction of plasma metabolic fingerprints (PMFs), coupling with machine learning for the diagnosis of severe CAP.

Anticoagulant therapy in adult with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Background: Blood coagulation dysfunction is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases. The evidence for the effects of anticoagulation therapy on prognosis of COVID-19 patients and its risk of causing bleeding events is accumulating. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients of different severity.

Multi-Omics Graph Knowledge Representation for Pneumonia Prognostic Prediction.

Early prognostic prediction is crucial for determining appropriate clinical interventions. Previous single-omics models had limitations, such as high contingency and overlooking complex physical conditions. In this paper, we introduced multi-omics graph knowledge representation to predict in-hospital outcomes for pneumonia patients.

Computer-aided diagnosis of cystic lung diseases using CT scans and deep learning.

Background: Auxiliary diagnosis of different types of cystic lung diseases (CLDs) is important in the clinic and is instrumental in facilitating early and specific treatments. Current clinical methods heavily depend on accumulated experience, restricting their applicability in regions with less developed medical resources. Thus, how to realize the computer-aided diagnosis of CLDs is of great clinical value.

Association of immune deficiency with prognosis and corticosteroid treatment benefits among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: The role of corticosteroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains contentious. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of immune deficiency in patients with ARDS and its response to varying doses of corticosteroids.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled 657 ARDS patients from January 24, 2008, to September 12, 2022, at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Weakly-Supervised Segmentation-Based Quantitative Characterization of Pulmonary Cavity Lesions in CT Scans.

Objective: Pulmonary cavity lesion is one of the commonly seen lesions in lung caused by a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Diagnosis of a cavity lesion is commonly based on accurate recognition of the typical morphological characteristics. A deep learning-based model to automatically detect, segment, and quantify the region of cavity lesion on CT scans has potential in clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment efficacy assessment.

Contribution of small airway inflammation to the development of COPD.

Background: Little attention has been paid to the pathophysiological changes in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The destructions of the small airways were visualized on thoracic micro-computed tomography scan. We investigated whether small airway inflammation (SAI) was the risk for the development of COPD.

Plasmonic Alloys Enhanced Metabolic Fingerprints for the Diagnosis of COPD and Exacerbations.

Accurate diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbations by metabolic biomarkers enables individualized treatment. Advanced metabolic detection platforms rely on designed materials. Here, we design mesoporous PdPt alloys to characterize metabolic fingerprints for diagnosing COPD and exacerbations.

Obesity and COVID-19 Pandemics: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management.

Obesity is a principle causative factor of various metabolic dysfunctions, chronic inflammation, and multi-organ impairment. The global epidemic of obesity has constituted the greatest threat to global health. Emerging evidence has associated obesity with an increased risk of severe infection and poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Atomization efficacy of a novel micro-dose mesh nebulizer (CVS-100) versus the traditional mesh nebulizer (M102) in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the atomization efficacy of a novel micro-dose mesh nebulizer (CVS-100) versus the traditional mesh nebulizer (M102) in nebulizing a combination of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol for treatment of stable moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: A randomized, parallel, non-inferiority study was conducted. A total of 64 stable COPD patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio.

Associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung function in adults.

Background: Evidence of the acute effects of high-level air pollution on small airway function and systemic inflammation in adults is scarce.

Objective: To examined the associations of short-term (i.e.

Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines in primary prevention against infections and reduction in severity of illness following the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Shanghai.

Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 vaccines in primary prevention against infections and lessen the severity of illness following the most recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai.

Data Sources: Data from 153,544 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Shanghai "Four-Leaf Clover" Fangcang makeshift shelter hospital were collected using a structured electronic questionnaire, which was then merged with electronic medical records of the hospital. For healthy controls, data on vaccination status and other information were obtained from 228 community-based residents, using the same structured electronic questionnaire.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and low-molecular-weight heparin in Chinese lung cancer patients with nonhigh-risk pulmonary embolism.

Background: Data that guide selection of differing anticoagulant regimens for specific cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) are lacking. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) against nonhigh-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) in Chinese lung cancer patients.

Methods: Four hundred forty-six Chinese lung cancer patients with nonhigh-risk PE who initiated treatment with rivaroxaban or LMWH were identified from Zhongshan Hospital database from 2016 to 2020.

The evaluation of next-generation sequencing assisted pathogenic detection in immunocompromised hosts with pulmonary infection: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Pulmonary infections are frequent in immunocompromised hosts (ICH), and microbial detection is difficult. As a new method, next-generation sequencing (NGS) may offer a solution.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of NGS-assisted pathogenic detection on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of ICH complicated by pulmonary infection and radiographic evidence of bilateral diffuse lesions.

Challenges of vaccination and herd immunity in COVID-19 and management strategies.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide with millions of cases and more than 5 million deaths to date. SARS-CoV-2 has caused serious damage all over the world with many countries experiencing the third or the fourth wave of the viral disease outbreaks, mainly due to the emergence of mutant variants. Those who unvaccinated remain most vulnerable to COVID-19 and its variants.

Developing and validating a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease quick screening questionnaire using statistical learning models.

Background: Active targeted case-finding is a cost-effective way to identify individuals with high-risk for early diagnosis and interventions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A precise and practical COPD screening instrument is needed in health care settings.

Methods: We created four statistical learning models to predict the risk of COPD using a multi-center randomized cross-sectional survey database ( = 5281).

CM-SegNet: A deep learning-based automatic segmentation approach for medical images by combining convolution and multilayer perceptron.

Accurate segmentation of lesions in medical images is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and evaluation. The low contrast between lesions and surrounding tissues increases the difficulty of automatic segmentation, while the efficiency of manual segmentation is low. In order to increase the generalization performance of segmentation model, we proposed a deep learning-based automatic segmentation model called CM-SegNet for segmenting medical images of different modalities.

Study of mesenchymal stem cells derived from lung-resident, bone marrow and chorion for treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the optimal source of MSCs for cell-based therapy remains unknown. To determine which kind of MSCs are more effective, we compared the effects of rat lung resident MSC (LRMSC), human chorion-derived MSC (HMSC-C) and human bone marrow derived MSC (HMSC-BM) in LPS-induced ALI in mice.

Coagulopathy is a major extrapulmonary risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: To investigate the risk factors for the death in patients with COVID-19 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled inpatients with COVID-19 from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between December 25, 2019, and March 3, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical data were compared between non-T2DM and T2DM or between survivors and non-survivors.

Corticosteroid therapy for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort study with propensity score analysis.

Background: The impact of corticosteroid therapy on outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly controversial. We aimed to compare the risk of death between COVID-19-related ARDS patients with corticosteroid treatment and those without.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective observational study, patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 between January 20, 2020, and February 24, 2020, were enrolled.

PCR coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for microbiological diagnosis and surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Etiological diagnosis is essential for anti-infective therapy in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of sequential PCR coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) tests as a rapid diagnostic technique for patients with VAP. A total of 12 patients diagnosed with VAP were enrolled at the intensive care unit in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.