Traffic flow-oriented reliability assessment and enhancement of urban transportation networks.

System reliability is a critical aspect of urban transport networks. It ensures that modern cities can provide safe, efficient, and resilient mobility services. However, existing reliability studies primarily focus on network topology and connectivity, overlooking the impact of disruptions on passenger travel quality and the temporal heterogeneity inherent in traffic patterns.

Disruption of gut microbiome and metabolome in treatment-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing prevalence in children. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota may play a significant role in the development of ADHD. However, the specific relationship between changes in intestinal bacteria and related metabolites in children with ADHD remains poorly understood.

20-Hydroxyecdysone Modulates Bmp53-Mediated Apoptosis Regulation by Suppressing Mdm2-like-Dependent Ubiquitination in Silkworm, .

In the silkworm, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induces apoptosis and autophagy, driving larval organ degeneration and remodeling. This mechanism may be a potential target for eco-friendly strategy for insect pests. However, a major challenge in harnessing this approach lies in the insufficient understanding of 20E's regulatory process in such a cell death mechanism.

New Insights into the Epidemiological Characteristics of Infection before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting children and adolescents, is known to trigger periodic global epidemics. The most recent significant outbreak commenced in the first half of 2023 and reached its peak globally during the autumn and winter months. Considering the worldwide repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly essential to delve into the epidemiological characteristics of both before and after the pandemic.

TMErisk score: A tumor microenvironment-based model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with the progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To investigate potential biomarkers for predicting therapeutic outcomes in HNSCC, we analyzed the immune and stromal status of HNSCC based on the genes associated with TME using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Immune and stromal genes were identified with differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Wybutosine hypomodification of tRNAphe activates HERVK and impairs neuronal differentiation.

We previously reported that loss of function of TYW1 led to cerebral palsy with severe intellectual disability through reduced neural proliferation. However, whether TYW1 loss affects neural differentiation is unknown. In this study, we first demonstrated that TYW1 loss blocked the formation of OHyW in tRNA and therefore affected the translation efficiency of UUU codon.

A Multi-Information Spreading Model for One-Time Retweet Information in Complex Networks.

In the realm of online social networks, the spreading of information is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. To explore the dynamics of one-time retweet information spreading, we propose a Susceptible-Infected-Completed (SIC) multi-information spreading model. This model captures how multiple pieces of information interact in online social networks by introducing inhibiting and enhancement factors.

Technical strategy for monozygotic twin discrimination by single-nucleotide variants.

Monozygotic (MZ) twins are theoretically genetically identical. Although they are revealed to accumulate mutations after the zygote splits, discriminating between twin genomes remains a formidable challenge in the field of forensic genetics. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are responsible for a substantial portion of genetic variation, thus potentially serving as promising biomarkers for the identification of MZ twins.

Altered intestinal microbiota enhances adenoid hypertrophy by disrupting the immune balance.

Introduction: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disorder in children. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been implicated in AH. However, the interplay of alteration of gut microbiome and enlarged adenoids remains elusive.

Recent Advances in Bacterial Persistence Mechanisms.

The recurrence of bacterial infectious diseases is closely associated with bacterial persisters. This subpopulation of bacteria can escape antibiotic treatment by entering a metabolic status of low activity through various mechanisms, for example, biofilm, toxin-antitoxin modules, the stringent response, and the SOS response. Correspondingly, multiple new treatments are being developed.

Solute Transport across the Lymphatic Vasculature in a Soft Skin Tissue.

Convective transport of drug solutes in biological tissues is regulated by the interstitial fluid pressure, which plays a crucial role in drug absorption into the lymphatic system through the subcutaneous (SC) injection. In this paper, an approximate continuum poroelasticity model is developed to simulate the pressure evolution in the soft porous tissue during an SC injection. This poroelastic model mimics the deformation of the tissue by introducing the time variation of the interstitial fluid pressure.

Integrative analysis of single-cell embryo data reveals transcriptome signatures for the human pre-implantation inner cell mass.

As the source of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), inner cell mass (ICM) can form all tissues of the embryo proper, however, its role in early human lineage specification remains controversial. Although a stepwise differentiation model has been proposed suggesting the existence of ICM as a distinct developmental stage, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we perform an integrated analysis on the public human preimplantation embryonic single-cell transcriptomic data and apply a trajectory inference algorithm to measure the cell plasticity.

Clinical Application of a Multiplex Droplet Digital PCR in the Rapid Diagnosis of Children with Suspected Bloodstream Infections.

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) recently has been shown to be a potential diagnostic tool for adults with bloodstream infections (BSIs); however, its application in children remains obscure. In this study, 76 blood samples of children with suspected BSIs were synchronously detected by traditional blood cultures (BCs) and ddPCRs. Our team validated the diagnostic performance of ddPCR including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Epigenetic regulation of human-specific gene expression in the prefrontal cortex.

Background: Changes in gene expression levels during brain development are thought to have played an important role in the evolution of human cognition. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, changes in brain developmental expression patterns, as well as human-specific brain gene expression, have been characterized. However, interpreting the origin of evolutionarily advanced cognition in human brains requires a deeper understanding of the regulation of gene expression, including the epigenomic context, along the primate genome.

Recursive traffic percolation on urban transportation systems.

This paper proposes a recursive traffic percolation framework to capture the dynamics of cascading failures and analyze potential overloaded bottlenecks. In particular, compared to current work, the influence of external flow is considered, providing a new perspective for the study of regional commuting. Finally, we present an empirical study to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of our framework.

Lymphatic uptake of biotherapeutics through a 3D hybrid discrete-continuum vessel network in the skin tissue.

Subcutaneous administration is a common approach for the delivery of biotherapeutics, which is achieved mainly through the absorption across lymphatic vessels. In this paper, the drug transport and lymphatic uptake through a three-dimensional hybrid discrete-continuum vessel network in the skin tissue are investigated through high-fidelity numerical simulations. We find that the local lymphatic uptake through the explicit vessels significantly affects macroscopic drug absorption.

The gut microbiome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children has become a major public health problem that affects the physical and mental growth of children. OSAS can result in adverse outcomes during growth and development, inhibiting the normal development of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. OSAS is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, and prolonged obstruction that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in children.

Basins of attraction of chimera states on networks.

Networks of identical coupled oscillators display a remarkable spatiotemporal pattern, the chimera state, where coherent oscillations coexist with incoherent ones. In this paper we show quantitatively in terms of basin stability that stable and breathing chimera states in the original two coupled networks typically have very small basins of attraction. In fact, the original system is dominated by periodic and quasi-periodic chimera states, in strong contrast to the model after reduction, which can not be uncovered by the Ott-Antonsen ansatz.

Nosocomial dissemination of hypervirulent with high-risk clones among children in Shanghai.

Objectives: Although hypervirulent (hvKp) is an increasing public health problem, there remains limited epidemiological information regarding hvKp infections in children. Here, we conducted a clinical, molecular and phenotypic surveillance of hvKp strains in a pediatric population.

Methods: Non-repetitive (Kp) strains consecutively collected during 2019-2020 were screened for hypervirulence genes (, , , , and ) using PCR.

Inter-tissue convergence of gene expression during ageing suggests age-related loss of tissue and cellular identity.

Developmental trajectories of gene expression may reverse in their direction during ageing, a phenomenon previously linked to cellular identity loss. Our analysis of cerebral cortex, lung, liver, and muscle transcriptomes of 16 mice, covering development and ageing intervals, revealed widespread but tissue-specific ageing-associated expression reversals. Cumulatively, these reversals create a unique phenomenon: mammalian tissue transcriptomes diverge from each other during postnatal development, but during ageing, they tend to converge towards similar expression levels, a process we term vergence followed by nvergence (DiCo).

Curcumin Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Arsenic Trioxide in U266 Cells by Increasing Arsenic Uptake.

Despite the constant emergence of new methods for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), relapse and drug resistance still exist, especially in MM with p53 mutations. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can be used in MM treatment, but this single drug has poor effectiveness and also side effects. Curcumin is a safe and effective compound that can enhance the anticancer effects of many drugs.

Transport and Lymphatic Uptake of Biotherapeutics Through Subcutaneous Injection.

Drug transport and uptake in the subcutaneous tissue receives increasing attention in biomechanical and pharmaceutical researches, as subcutaneous administration becomes a common approach for the delivery of biotherapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies. In this paper, high-fidelity numerical simulations are used to investigate the mechanisms governing drug transport and absorption in the subcutaneous tissue, which is expressed as a porous medium modeled by Darcy's law. The effects of tissue properties (permeability and porosity), the injection flow rate, and the vascular permeability of lymphatic vessels on the lymphatic uptake are studied.

Transport and lymphatic uptake of monoclonal antibodies after subcutaneous injection.

The subcutaneous injection has emerged to become a feasible self-administration practice for biotherapeutics due to the patient comfort and cost-effectiveness. However, the available knowledge about transport and absorption of these agents after subcutaneous injection is limited. Here, a mathematical framework to study the subcutaneous drug delivery of mAbs from injection to lymphatic uptake is presented.