Development and Validation of a Pathomics-Based Prognostic Model for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Undergoing First-Line EGFR-TKI Therapy.

Background: Accurate prognostic prediction is crucial for personalized treatment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) receiving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study aims to develop and validate a pathomics-based prognostic model for EGFR-TKI-treated patients with LUAD.

Patients And Methods: Data from 122 patients with LUAD who underwent first-line EGFR-TKI therapy were retrospectively analyzed.

CT imaging in differentiating non-solid lung adenocarcinoma with cycstic airspaces: a clinical and diagnostic study.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between clinical features, CT imaging manifestations and histopathology of cystic cavity-containing nodular lung adenocarcinomas, and to provide a basis for improving the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decision-making in this type of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: In total, 2146 patients with pathologically confirmed nodular lung adenocarcinoma in 3 hospitals in Anhui and Zhejiang were retrospectively analyzed from July 2017 to June 2023. The patients were divided into three groups according to their status of lung adenocarcinoma associated with cystic airspaces (LACA): the LACA0 group (no cystic airspaces, 1821 patients), the LACA1 group (cystic airspace diameter of < 5 mm, 208 patients), and the LACA2 group (cystic airspace diameter of ≥ 5 mm, 117 patients).

Development, deployment, and feature interpretability of a three-class prediction model for pulmonary diseases.

Purpose: To develop a high-performance machine learning model for predicting and interpreting features of pulmonary diseases.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical and imaging data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), granulomatous inflammation, and benign tumors, collected across multiple centers from January 2015 to October 2023. Data from two hospitals in Anhui Province were split into a development set (n = 1696) and a test set (n = 424) in an 8:2 ratio, with an external validation set (n = 909) from Zhejiang Province.

Sleep Deprivation Alters Gut Microbiome Diversity and Taxonomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human and Rodent Studies.

Sleep deprivation (SD) affects the gut microbiome, but findings across studies vary in terms of microbiota changes, SD induction methods and gut measurements. The effects of SD on the gut microbiome in humans and rodents have not been comprehensively reviewed. This meta-analysis investigated SD-related factors and their effects on the gut microbiome in human and rodent models.

Establishing predictive models for malignant and inflammatory pulmonary nodules using clinical data and CT imaging features.

Background: The detection of pulmonary nodules has become increasingly common; however, accurate qualitative diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. This study sought to distinguish between malignant and inflammatory solid lung nodules using clinical data and computed tomography (CT) imaging features.

Methods: A total of 948 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent surgery or percutaneous biopsy from four centers were included in the study.

A model for prediction of recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer based on clinical data and CT imaging characteristics.

Objectives: To establish a model for prediction of recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on clinical data and computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics.

Methods: A total of 695 patients with surgically resected NSCLC confirmed by pathology at three centers were retrospectively investigated. 626 patients from center 1 were randomly divided into two sets in a ratio of 7:3 (training set, n = 438; testing set, n = 188), 69 patients from center 2 and 3 were assigned in the external validation set.

A novel MRI-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer.

Background: To develop and validate a clinical-radiomics model for preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in rectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included data from 239 patients with pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma from two centers, all of whom underwent MRI examinations. Cases from the first center (n = 189) were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set at a 7:3 ratio, while cases from the second center (n = 50) constituted the external validation set.

Evaluation of the invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules based on dual-head ResNet technique.

Objective: To intelligently evaluate the invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules with multiple classifications using deep learning.

Methods: pGGNs in 1136 patients were pathologically confirmed as lung precursor lesions [atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)], minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). Four different models [EfficientNet-b0 2D, dual-head ResNet_3D, a 3D model combining three features (3D_3F), and a 3D model combining 19 features (3D_19F)] were constructed to evaluate the invasiveness of pGGNs using the EfficientNet and ResNet networks.

Preoperative computed tomography semantic features in predicting lymph node metastasis of part-solid nodules in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the most common route of metastasis for lung cancer, and it is an independent risk factor for long-term survival and recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to explore the value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) semantic features in the differential diagnosis of LNM in part-solid nodules (PSNs) of NSCLC.

Methods: A total of 955 patients with NSCLC confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively enrolled from January 2019 to March 2023.

Risk stratification of 2- to 5-cm gastric stromal tumors based on clinical and computed tomography manifestations.

Objective: To evaluate the risk stratification of 2- to 5-cm gastric stromal tumors (GSTs) by analyzing their clinical and computed tomography (CT) manifestations with the goal of providing imaging evidence for rational selection of surgical methods.

Methods: This study involved 223 patients with pathologically diagnosed GSTs of 2 to 5 cm in diameter. According to the pathological results and malignant risk category, the patients were divided into a low-risk biological behavior group (very low and low risk) and high-risk biological behavior group (intermediate and high risk).

Characterization of Clinical and CT Manifestations of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Consolidation.

Considering the insufficient understanding of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) with consolidation, 22 patients were evaluated based on the chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical manifestation. The clinical symptoms were mild, mainly manifesting as cough and sputum. Pulmonary lesions mostly involved a single lobe in a single lung with multiple lesions.

Characteristics of diffusion tensor imaging of central nervous system in children with tourette's disease.

To investigate the characteristics of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the central nervous system in children with Tourette syndrome (TS).Fifteen children with TS (TS group) and 15 normal children (control group) were studied, and all of them underwent DTI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) parameters were calculated using the DTIStudio software.

Sleep deprivation reduces the recovery of muscle injury induced by high-intensity exercise in a mouse model.

Sleep is crucial to improve athlete performance and their circadian rhythm, but sleep patterns may be disturbed because athletes participate in several competitions. In addition, intensive training programs can cause muscle pain and psychological stress in athletes, resulting in a lack of sleep. Sleep also plays a critical role in the recovery of muscle injury induced by exercise.

Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia by three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) MRI sequence.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the value of high-resolution three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) MRI sequence solely or the combination of both in the visualization of neurovascular relationship in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Methods: 65 patients with unilateral TN underwent 3D-FLASH and 3D-CISS imaging were retrospectively studied. Neurovascular relationship at the intracisternal segment of trigeminal nerve was reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologist, who was blinded to the clinical details.