Curcumin Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

In this study, we established a mouse colitis model using DSS to investigate the impact of curcumin on gut injury, the intestinal microbiota, and fecal metabolites. The findings indicated that curcumin effectively mitigated weight loss and colon shortening caused by colitis, enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory factor mRNA ( < 0.05), and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (, , and mRNA; < 0.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair IBD by activating the SIRT1-FXR pathway in macrophages.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic immune disorder, has increasing global incidence and poor treatment outcome. Abnormal macrophage function is implicated in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) inhibit inflammation in IBD mouse and macrophage inflammation models.

Advancing therapeutic strategies for graft-versus-host disease by targeting gut microbiome dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current evidence and future directions.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a highly effective therapy for malignant blood illnesses that pose a high risk, as well as diseases that are at risk due to other variables, such as genetics. However, the prevalence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has impeded its widespread use. Ensuring the stability of microbial varieties and associated metabolites is crucial for supporting metabolic processes, preventing pathogen intrusion, and modulating the immune system.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes alleviate LPS-induced cervical inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective: Patients with chronic cervicitis are known to have an increased risk of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Inhibition of cervical inflammation may reduce the risk of cervical cancer. This study investigated how human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cervical inflammation.

The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), as two of the major human intestinal diseases, provide challenges for the medical field. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a protein molecule that negatively regulates cytokine signaling through multiple pathways, is involved in the regulation of various inflammatory diseases and tumors. In IBD, SOCS3 acts on a variety of cells to repair mucosal damage and balance the immune response, including epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major components in Abelmoschus manihot flowers treated with different drying methods using UHPLC Q-exactive MS and HPLC-PDA.

The flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic are commonly used in clinical practice in China to cure forms of chronic kidney disease. Despite a long history of traditional use, the flowers obtained by different drying technologies have never been fully chemically characterized, and the ranges of constituents between different drying methods have not been comprehensively reported.

The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been found to play a role in IBD etiology, including exacerbated immune responses and defective intestinal barrier integrity. The gut microbiome can also be a potential biomarker for several diseases, including IBD.

HucMSC-Ex alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by decreasing mast cell activation via the IL-33/ST2 axis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that poses challenges in terms of treatment. The precise mechanism underlying the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (HucMSC-Ex) in the inflammatory repair process of IBD remains elusive. Mucosal mast cells accumulate within the intestinal tract and exert regulatory functions in IBD, thus presenting a novel target for addressing this intestinal disease.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Weaken Ox-LDL-Induced Cell Inflammatory Injury by Inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway and Affecting Cellular Metabolism in THP-1 Cells.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important anti-inflammatory metabolites of intestinal flora. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage activation is critical for the formation of atherosclerosis plaque. However, the association between SCFAs and ox-LDL-induced macrophage activation with respect to the formation of atherosclerosis plaque has not yet been elucidated.

The role of NOD2 in intestinal immune response and microbiota modulation: A therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.

As an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PPR), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) triggers a cascade of immune responses. Previous studies of NOD2 regarding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly focused on the relevance of NOD2 mutations and loss within the disease onset and progression. With increasing research, more studies are exploring other functional roles and clinical applications of NOD2.

Emerging roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal tumours are the most common solid tumours, with a poor prognosis and remain a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes have become essential regulators of intercellular communication in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.

Farnesoid-X receptor as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.

Farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), as a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids, is a vital molecule involved in bile acid metabolism. Due to its expression in immune cells, FXR has a significant effect on the function of immune cells and the release of chemokines when immune cells sense changes in bile acids. In addition to its regulation by ligands, FXR is also controlled by post-translational modification (PTM) activities such as acetylation, SUMOylation, and methylation.

Three main short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of THP-1 cells by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

The overactivation of macrophages causes chronic inflammatory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), potential drugs for clinical treatment, are modulators of macrophage inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated cell activity is expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae toxin of community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) promotes autophagy of THP-1 cells and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes].

Objective To study the mechanism of community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) inducing THP-1 cell autophagy and the activation of pyrin domain containing the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3). Methods The recombinant CARDS (rCARDS) Mp toxin was obtained by Escherichia coli expression system, and THP-1 cells were treated with the toxin at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL for 20, 40 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours. The expression of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, LC3II and P62 of THP-1 cells were determined by Western blot; the gene expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR; and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of THP-1 cells was tested by DCFH-DA staining.

Simultaneous HPLC determination of ergosterol and 22,23-dihydroergosterol in Flammulina velutipes sterol-loaded microemulsion.

An efficient HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ergosterol and 22,23-dihydroergosterol in Flammulina velutipes sterol-loaded microemulsions (FVSMs). The different chromatographic conditions for in vitro and in vivo determinations were investigated, with the application examined by tissue distribution. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS-SP (250 × 4.

Enhanced oral bioavailability and tissue distribution of a new potential anticancer agent, Flammulina velutipes sterols, through liposomal encapsulation.

This study innovatively investigated the anticancer effect of Flammulina velutipes sterols (FVSs), the in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the tissue distribution of FVS-loaded liposomes. The FVS consisting of mainly 54.8% ergosterol and 27.

Cytotoxic effect of novel Flammulina velutipes sterols and its oral bioavailability via mixed micellar nanoformulation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of sterols initially separated from Flammulina velutipes and the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of F. velutipes sterol nanomicelles (FVSNs). F.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of a sterol-loaded microemulsion formulation of Flammulina velutipes, a potential antitumor drug.

Purpose: To investigate the growth inhibition activity of Flammulina velutipes sterol (FVS) against certain human cancer cell lines (gastric SGC and colon LoVo) and to evaluate the optimum microemulsion prescription, as well as the pharmacokinetics of encapsulated FVS.

Methods: Molecules present in the FVS isolate were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The cell viability of FVS was assessed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) bioassay.

[Nanoscale drug carriers for traditional Chinese medicine research and development].

Nanocarriers generally made of natural or artificial polymers ranging in size from about 10-1 000 nm, possess versatile properties suitable for drug delivery, including good biocompatibility and biodegradability, potential capability of targeted delivery and controlled release of incorporated drugs, and have been extensively used in the development of new drug delivery systems (DDS). These types of nano-DDS have considerable potential to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and recently have attracted increasing efforts on the TCM research and development. In this review, the recently published literature worldwide is covered to describe the latest advances in the applications as TCM delivery carriers, and to highlight the characteristics and preparation methods of some selected examples of promising nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles and nanoliposomes.