Chemical composition analysis and transcriptomics reveal the R2R3-MYB genes and phenol oxidases regulating the melanin formation in black radish.

Melanins are dark-brown to black-colored biomacromolecules which have been thoroughly studied in animals and microorganisms. However, the biochemical and molecular basis of plant melanins are poorly understood. We first characterized melanin from the black radish (Raphanus sativus var.

Identification and fine mapping of Brmmd1 gene controlling recessive genic male sterility in Brassica rapa L.

Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) provides an effective approach for the commercial exploitation of heterosis, especially in Brassica crops. Although some artificial RGMS mutants have been reported in B. rapa, no causal genes derived from these natural mutants have been identified so far.

Genome-Wide Identification of the CDPK Gene Family and Their Involvement in Taproot Cracking in Radish.

Taproot cracking, a severe and common physiological disorder, markedly reduces radish yield and commercial value. Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) plays a pivotal role in various plant developmental processes; however, its function in radish taproot cracking remains largely unknown. Here, 37 RsCDPK gene members were identified from the long-read radish genome "QZ-16".

Dynamic profiling of intact glucosinolates in radish by combining UHPLC-HRMS/MS and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS.

Glucosinolates (GSLs) and their degradation products in radish confer plant defense, promote human health, and generate pungent flavor. However, the intact GSLs in radish have not been investigated comprehensively yet. Here, an accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses of 15 intact GSLs from radish, including four major GSLs of glucoraphasatin (GRH), glucoerucin (GER), glucoraphenin (GRE), and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (4MGBS), were conducted using UHPLC-HRMS/MS in combination with UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Germplasm Collection Construction of Radish Cultivars Based on Structure Variation Markers.

Radish is an economically important root vegetable worldwide. In this study, the 217 cultivated radish accessions were collected and genotyped. To detect the genotypes of these accessions, a total of 24 structure variation (SV) markers distributed on nine chromosomes were employed to analyze genetic diversity and construct a core germplasm collection of radish.

Loss-of-function of SAWTOOTH 1 affects leaf dorsiventrality genes to promote leafy heads in lettuce.

The mechanisms underlying leafy heads in vegetables are poorly understood. Here, we cloned a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling leafy heads in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The QTL encodes a transcription factor, SAWTOOTH 1 (LsSAW1), which has a BEL1-like homeodomain and is a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana.

(): A Putative Candidate for the Continuous Ridge (cr) Fruit Skin Locus in Bitter Gourd ( L.).

Bitter gourd ( L.) is an economically important vegetable and medicinal crop in many Asian countries. Limited work has been conducted in understanding the genetic basis of horticulturally important traits in bitter gourd.

Identification of Novel Locus Related to Clubroot Resistance in Radish ( L.).

Clubroot is a devastating disease that causes substantial yield loss worldwide. However, the inheritance and molecular mechanisms of clubroot resistance during pathogen infection in radish remain largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of clubroot resistance in the F population derived from crossing clubroot-resistant (CR) and clubroot-susceptible inbred lines "GLX" and "XNQ," respectively.

Upregulation of a homolog by transposon insertion promotes leafy head development in lettuce.

Leafy head is a unique type of plant architecture found in some vegetable crops, with leaves bending inward to form a compact head. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying leafy head in vegetables remain poorly understood. We genetically fine-mapped and cloned a major quantitative trait locus controlling heading in lettuce.

Fine mapping of a candidate gene for cool-temperature-induced albinism in ornamental kale.

Background: The symptoms of cool-temperature-induced chlorosis (CTIC) are widely existed in higher plants. Although many studies have shown that the genetic mechanism of CTIC is generally controlled by recessive genes in model plants, the dominant inheritance of albinism has not been reported thus far. Here, two CTIC mutants, Red Kamome and White Kamome, were utilized to analyse the inheritance of the albino trait in ornamental kale.

Independent activation of the BoMYB2 gene leading to purple traits in Brassica oleracea.

Transposon insertion and point mutation independently activated the BoMYB2 gene in three purple cultivars of Brassica oleracea including kale, kohlrabi, and cabbage. Several varieties of B. oleracea have both green and purple cultivars.

RNA sequencing provides insights into the evolution of lettuce and the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.

Different horticultural types of lettuce exhibit tremendous morphological variation. However, the molecular basis for domestication and divergence among the different horticultural types of lettuce remains unknown. Here, we report the RNA sequencing of 240 lettuce accessions sampled from the major horticultural types and wild relatives, generating 1.

GC content fluctuation around plant small RNA-generating sites.

GC content of small RNA-generating sites and their flanking sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice was systematically analyzed in silico. High GC content fluctuation (GCF) is observed at the borders of sRNA sites, while the GCF within sRNA sites is low. Furthermore, the GC content along sequences of some miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) families coincides with the abundance of MITE-derived small RNAs.