2024 Update of Chinese Guidelines for Management of Hyperuricemia and Gout Part II: Recommendations for Patients With Common Comorbidities.

Objective: The aim of this updated guideline is to provide comprehensive recommendations for the management of gout in patients with common comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoarthritis (OA), and gastrointestinal disorders.

Methods: This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of specialists in endocrinology, rheumatology, nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and methodology. The development process adhered to standard methodologies, including PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) question deconstruction, systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for evidence and recommendation evaluation, Delphi voting, and expert consensus.

Remnant cholesterol predicts the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The predictive value of serum remnant cholesterol in cardiovascular disease has been widely recognized. This value has also been explored in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether remnant cholesterol can predict the risk of incident diabetes in NAFLD patients remains unclear.

Accelerometer-measured circadian alignment predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and older adults.

Aims: Circadian alignment plays a key role in cardiometabolic regulation. We examined whether accelerometer-derived alignment metrics independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: We included 4,814 U.

High uric acid exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through NLRP3 inflammasome and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis.

Hyperuricemia is independently associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms responsible for this association remain unclear. We first analyzed the association between intrahepatic UA levels and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. We subsequently generated hepatic-specific glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9)-knockout mice and GSDMD knockout (GSDMD) mice to explore the role of intrahepatic UA in GSDMD-induced pyroptosis in NASH.

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids ameliorate cholestatic liver disease by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is characterized by disruptions in bile formation, secretion and excretion, leading to progressive liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Effective treatments to halt or reverse the progression of CLD remain limited. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis and liver regeneration, playing a complex role in CLD pathophysiology.

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through NAD-dependent sirtuin-3 activation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Here we focus on histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT2), which is expressed in the mitochondria and is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial protein acetylation. The expression of HINT2 is downregulated in MASLD.

TJ0113 attenuates fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by inducing mitophagy.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) fibrosis is a liver disease accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. There is growing evidence that insufficient mitophagy can exacerbate inflammation and liver fibrosis (LF). TJ0113 is a novel mitophagy inducer.

Laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and the risk of incident NAFLD: a prospective cohort study.

Background: To investigate whether endometriosis is associated with the risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Data were retrieved from Nurses' Health Study II with participants followed up from 1995 to 2017. A total of 61,649 participants were included in this prospective cohort study.

Association between aspirin use and the risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

This study aimed to investigate the association between aspirin use and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We included 53,490 participants from the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective US cohort study. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to assess the association between time-updated aspirin use and the risk of incident NAFLD.

Amyloid precursor protein promotes MASH progression by upregulating death receptor 6-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a complicated process that contributes to end-stage liver disease and, eventually, hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte apoptosis, a well-defined form of cell death in MASH, is considered the primary cause of liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in MASH remain largely unclear.

The deubiquitinase USP28 maintains the expression of PPARγ and its inactivation protects mice from diet-induced MASH and hepatocarcinoma.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide and can progress to cirrhosis and cancer. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of MASH remains poorly understood, and there is only one U.S.

Adhesive polyelectrolyte coating through UV-triggered polymerization on PLGA particles for enhanced drug delivery to inflammatory intestinal mucosa.

Administering medication precisely to the inflamed intestinal sites to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), with minimized side effects, is of urgent need. In UC, the inflammation damaged mucosa contains a large number of amino groups which are positively charged, providing new opportunities for drug delivery system design. Here, we report an oral drug delivery system utilizing the tacrolimus-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (TAC/PLGA) particles with an adhesion coating by in situ UV-triggered polymerization of polyacrylic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide (PAA-NHS).

A novel endoscopic artificial intelligence system to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis: a multicenter study.

Background:  Autoimmune gastritis (AIG), distinct from Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis (HpAG), is underdiagnosed due to limited awareness. This multicenter study aimed to develop a novel endoscopic artificial intelligence (AI) system for assisting in AIG diagnosis.

Methods:  Patients diagnosed with AIG, HpAG, or nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), were retrospectively enrolled from six centers.

Integrative clinical and preclinical studies identify FerroTerminator1 as a potent therapeutic drug for MASH.

The complex etiological factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), including perturbed iron homeostasis, and the unclear nature by which they contribute to disease progression have resulted in a limited number of effective therapeutic interventions. Here, we report that patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a pathological subtype of MAFLD, exhibit excess hepatic iron and that it has a strong positive correlation with disease progression. FerroTerminator1 (FOT1) effectively reverses liver injury across multiple MASH models without notable toxic side effects compared with clinically approved iron chelators.

Risk of incident type 2 diabetes in male NAFLD and NAFLD-free smokers: a 7-year post-cessation study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the post-cessation T2DM risk in male NAFLD and NAFLD-free smokers in a 7-year cohort study.

Methods: The study population was male adults who underwent annual health checkups in a 7-year cohort study. Recent quitters were categorized into four groups based on their weight gain during follow-up: < 0 kg, 0-1.

Circulating fatty acids and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based plasma fatty acids are objective biomarkers of many diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the associations of NMR-based plasma fatty acids with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality in 252,398 UK Biobank participants. Here we show plasma levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6 PUFA are negatively associated with the risk of incident HCC [HR: 0.

Relationship between skeletal muscle mass loss and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among Chinese patients with metabolic dysregulation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between skeletal muscle content and the presence and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic dysregulation in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the endocrinology outpatient department at Ningbo First Hospital, in Ningbo, China, in April 2021. Adult patients with metabolic dysregulation who accepted FibroScan ultrasound were included in the study.

ZJU Index as a Predictive Tool for Diabetes Incidence: Insights from a Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: In previous studies, the ZJU index was reported to be a superior predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Chinese population compared to the Fatty Liver Index. However, whether the ZJU Index is significantly associated with diabetes among Asian populations has not been determined.

Methods: The NAGALA study was carried out at Murakami Memorial Hospital (Gifu, Japan) beginning in 1994.

Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors is Associated With An Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Backgrounds: The adverse effects of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have led to growing concern. The association between PPIs use and the risks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial.

Goal: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PPIs use and the risks of NAFLD among the general adult population in the United States.

Estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese populations.

Aims/introduction: To explore the association between estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and the risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in nonobese populations.

Materials And Methods: This study included participants who underwent health checkups in 2014 and were followed up until 2019. We carried out Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate the association of estimated sdLDL-C with NAFLD.