Identifying the Oxidase-like Behavior of N-Doped Carbon Nanozymes via Postsynthetic Modification for Colorimetric Sensing.

N-doped carbon nanomaterials (NCMs) have attracted significant interest as metal-free nanozymes for sensing due to their exceptional stability and biocompatibility. However, the controversial active sites and catalytic pathways severely hinder the application of NCM-based nanozymes. Here, postsynthetic modification methods have been developed to study the catalytic mechanism, including selective deactivation, chemical grafting, and surface doping.

Portable Self-Powered/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Sensing Platform Based on Multifunctional Bioconjugates for Precise On-Site Detection of Acetamiprid.

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been widely applied in modern agriculture to improve crop productivity, but their residues have adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Hence, to address these issues, a portable self-powered/colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform was developed for the simple, rapid, precise, and sensitive on-site detection of acetamiprid (ATM) residues in vegetables. In this case, a multifunctional bioconjugate with specific recognition capability, excellent enzyme-like activity, and loading capacity is the key to the sensing design.

High-power "nesting-doll" biofuel cell enabled by free-standing electrodes with inherent enzymatic function.

Biofuel cell (BFC) is a type of green energy device based on the biocatalyst-mediated redox reaction. However, their relatively low performance has limited their wider application. Here, we proposed a novel all-in-one strategy to design the free-standing electrodes with the inherent enzyme-like activity and high conductivity, in which, the dynamic limitations of the enzyme-electrode interface were eliminated.

Dual-mode colorimetric and homogeneous electrochemical detection of intracellular/extracellular HO based on FeS/SiO nanoparticles with high peroxidase-like activity.

Abnormal expression of hydrogen peroxide (HO) elucidates cell dysfunctions and might induce the occurrence and deterioration of various diseases. However, limited by its ultralow level under pathophysiological conditions, intracellular and extracellular HO was difficult to be detected accurately. Herein, a colorimetric and homogeneous electrochemical dual-mode biosensing platform was constructed for intracellular/extracellular HO detection based on FeS/SiO nanoparticles (FeS/SiO NPs) with high peroxidase-like activity.

Photofuel cell-based self-powered biosensor for HER2 detection by integration of plasmonic-metal/conjugated molecule hybrids and electrochemical sandwich structure.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been regarded as the considerable biomarker of breast and gastric cancer. Thus, precise detection of HER2 is of significance for the early diagnosis and treatment. Here, a photofuel cell-based self-powered biosensor (PFC-SPB) was constructed for the ultrasensitive HER2 detection, which was composed of a plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/organic semiconductor hybrid photoanode and a cathode with biosensing strategy of electrochemical sandwich structure.

Anode-Driven Controlled Release of Cathodic Fuel via pH Response for Smart Enzymatic Biofuel Cell.

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) with or without a membrane to separate the anodic and cathodic compartments generally suffered from high internal resistance or interactive interference, both of which restricted the improvement of their performance. Herein, a smart membrane-less EBFC was engineered based on anode-driven controlled release of cathodic acceptor via pH-responsive metal-organic framework ([Fe(CN)]@ZIF-8) nanocarriers. The glucose anodic oxidation would produce gluconic acid accompanied by the change in pH value from neutral to the acidic case, which could drive the degradation of [Fe(CN)]@ZIF-8 nanocarriers and further realize the controlled release of cathodic acceptor [Fe(CN)].

Self-Powered Biosensing Platform Based on "Signal-On" Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for DNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis and Inhibitor Screening.

Aberrant DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (MTase) has proved to be associated with human diseases such as cancers. Thus, the development of an efficient strategy to accurately detect DNA MTase is highly desirable in medical diagnostics. Herein, we proposed a robust "signal-on" enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC)-based self-powered biosensing platform with excellent anti-interference ability for DNA MTase activity analysis and inhibitor screening.

Enzymatic Biofuel-Cell-Based Self-Powered Biosensor Integrated with DNA Amplification Strategy for Ultrasensitive Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism.

Enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC)-based self-powered biosensors could offer significant advantages: no requirement for an external power source, simple instruments, and easy miniaturization. However, they also suffered from the limitations of lower sensitivity or specific targets. In this study, a self-powered biosensor for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) produced by combining the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (SDR) and DNA hybridization chain reaction (HCR) was proposed.

Enzymatic biofuel cell-based self-powered biosensing of protein kinase activity and inhibition via thiophosphorylation-mediated interface engineering.

We developed a facile and ultrasensitive enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC)-based self-powered biosensor of protein kinase A (PKA) activity and inhibition via thiophosphorylation-mediated interface engineering. The detection limit was down to 0.00022 U mL-1 (S/N = 3).

Integration of Biofuel Cell-Based Self-Powered Biosensing and Homogeneous Electrochemical Strategy for Ultrasensitive and Easy-To-Use Bioassays of MicroRNA.

Biofuel cell (BFC)-based self-powered biosensors have attracted substantial attentions because of their unique merits such as having no need for power sources (only two electrodes are needed). More importantly, in case it can also work in a homogeneous system, more efficient and easy-to-use bioassays could come true. Thus, herein, we proposed a novel homogeneous self-powered biosensing strategy via the integration of BFCs and a homogeneous electrochemical method, which was further utilized for ultrasensitive microRNA (miRNA) detection.

Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Homogeneous Electrochemical MicroRNA Biosensing via Target-Triggered Ru(III) Release and Redox Recycling.

A new label-free and enzyme-free ratiometric homogeneous electrochemical microRNA biosensing platform was constructed via target-triggered Ru(III) release and redox recycling. To design the effective ratiometric dual-signal strategy, [Ru(NH)] (Ru(III)), as one of the electroactive probes, was ingeniously entrapped in the pores of the positively charged mesoporous silica nanoparticle (PMSN), and another electroactive probe, [Fe(CN)] (Fe(III)), was selected to facilitate Ru(III) redox recycling due to its distinctly separated reduction potential and different redox properties. Owing to the liberation of the formed RNA-ssDNA complex from PMSN, the target miRNA triggered the Ru(III) release and was quickly electroreduced to Ru(II), and then, the in-site-generated Ru(II) could be chemically oxidized back to Ru(III) by Fe(III).

Enzymatic Fuel Cell-Based Self-Powered Homogeneous Immunosensing Platform via Target-Induced Glucose Release: An Appealing Alternative Strategy for Turn-On Melamine Assay.

Enzymatic fuel cell (EFC)-based self-powered biosensors have attracted considerable attention because of their unique feature of no need for extra power sources during the entire detection process, which endows them with the merits of simplicity, rapidness, low cost, anti-interference, and ease of use. Herein, we proposed, for the first time, an EFC-based self-powered homogeneous immunosensing platform by integrating the target-induced biofuel release and bioconjugate immunoassay for ultrasensitive melamine (ME) detection. In this design, the biofuel, i.

Ultrasensitive Self-Powered Aptasensor Based on Enzyme Biofuel Cell and DNA Bioconjugate: A Facile and Powerful Tool for Antibiotic Residue Detection.

Herein, we reported a novel ultrasensitive one-compartment enzyme biofuel cells (EBFCs)-based self-powered aptasensing platform for antibiotic residue detection. By taking full advantage of the unique features of both EBFCs-based self-powered sensors and aptamers, the as-proposed aptasensing platform has the merits of simple instrumentation, anti-interference ability, high selectivity, and low cost. In this study, DNA bioconjugate, i.