Risk Factors and Prediction Model for Postoperative Pneumonia Following Hip Arthroplasty in Older Adults.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia is one of the most common complications following hip arthroplasty in older adults. It often results in delayed recovery, prolonged hospital stays, and increased perioperative mortality rates.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in older adults undergoing hip arthroplasty and develop a nomogram-based prediction model using perioperative variables.

In vivo transformations of positively charged nanoparticles alter the formation and function of RuBisCO photosynthetic protein corona.

The impact of nanomaterial transformations on photosynthetic proteins remains largely unknown. We report positively charged iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles experience transformations in Arabidopsis thaliana plants in vivo that alter the formation and function of RuBisCO protein corona, a key carbon fixation enzyme. In vitro, negatively charged FeO nanoparticles impact the RuBisCO function but not their positively charged counterparts.

Tunable NPK Release from Surface-Esterified Nanocellulose-Based Prills.

Polysaccharides represent an ideal delivery platform for agrochemicals due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and abundance. However, hydrophilicity renders native polysaccharides ineffective at controlling the release of water-soluble agrochemicals. To overcome this limitation, we used a solvent-free, vapor-phase modification strategy to generate hydrophobic shells on the surface of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) prills and evaluated the effects of these tunable diffusion barriers on fertilizer release behavior.

Optimizing SiO Nanoparticle Structures to Enhance Drought Resistance in Tomato ( L.): Insights into Nanoparticle Dissolution and Plant Stress Response.

Drought stress significantly limits crop productivity and poses a critical threat to global food security. Silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) have shown a potential to mitigate drought stress, but the role of the nanostructure on overall efficacy remains unclear. This study evaluated solid (SSiONPs), porous (PSiONPs), and hollow (HSiONPs) SiONPs for their effects on drought-stressed tomatoes ( L.

Vacuum infiltration for priming of soybean seeds: optimization and particle tracking using fluorescent silica nanoparticles.

Agrochemical delivery is highly inefficient, and novel application methods are necessary to promote crop health and yields while reducing environmental impact. In this work, a vacuum infiltration seed priming strategy was developed to incorporate silica nanoparticles into soybeans. Although successful in initial greenhouse and field studies, little is known about the amount of nutrient being delivered and the conditions for optimum accumulation.

Molecule-rich solutions for achieving novel non-opioid analgesics.

Despite their efficacy, opioids have long been associated with risks of addiction, tolerance, and dependence, leaving an unmet clinical need for pain treatment. Efforts have been devoted to developing novel classes of pain-relieving medication that outperform current options in terms of pain relief, side-effect profiles, and potential for abuse, but with limited success. Recent advances in the neurobiology of pain have shed light on the potential of targeting non-opioid receptors involved in pain processing.

Time-Dependent and Coating Modulation of Tomato Response upon Sulfur Nanoparticle Internalization and Assimilation: An Orthogonal Mechanistic Investigation.

Nanoenabled strategies have recently attracted attention as a sustainable platform for agricultural applications. Here, we present a mechanistic understanding of nanobiointeraction through an orthogonal investigation. Pristine (nS) and stearic acid surface-modified (cS) sulfur nanoparticles (NPs) as a multifunctional nanofertilizer were applied to tomato (L.

Nanotechnology in agriculture: A solution to global food insecurity in a changing climate?

Although the Green Revolution dramatically increased food production, it led to non- sustainable conventional agricultural practices, with productivity in general declining over the last few decades. Maintaining food security with a world population exceeding 9 billion in 2050, a changing climate, and declining arable land will be exceptionally challenging. In fact, nothing short of a revolution in how we grow, distribute, store, and consume food is needed.

Unlocking the Potential of Nano-Enabled Precision Agriculture for Efficient and Sustainable Farming.

Nanotechnology has attracted remarkable attention due to its unique features and potential uses in multiple domains. Nanotechnology is a novel strategy to boost production from agriculture along with superior efficiency, ecological security, biological safety, and monetary security. Modern farming processes increasingly rely on environmentally sustainable techniques, providing substitutes for conventional fertilizers and pesticides.

Nanoscale CuO charge and morphology control Fusarium suppression and nutrient biofortification in field-grown tomato and watermelon.

Limited data exist on how surface charge and morphology impact the effectiveness of nanoscale copper oxide (CuO) as an agricultural amendment under field conditions. This study investigated the impact of these factors on tomatoes and watermelons following foliar treatment with CuO nanosheets (NS-) or nanospikes (NP+ and NP-) exhibiting positive or negative surface charge. Results showed plant species-dependent benefits.

Influence of CuO Nanoparticle Aspect Ratio and Surface Charge on Disease Suppression in Tomato ().

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to deliver micronutrients to plants to improve health, increase biomass, and suppress disease. Nanoscale properties such as morphology, size, composition, and surface chemistry have all been shown to impact nanomaterial interactions with plant systems. An organic-ligand-free synthesis method was used to prepare positively charged copper oxide (CuO) nanospikes, negatively charged CuO nanospikes, and negatively charged CuO nanosheets with exposed (001) crystal faces.

Excess visceral fat area as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Few studies have investigated the correlation between visceral fat area (VFA) and early postoperative complications in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VFA and early postoperative complications in patients with obesity following bariatric surgery.

Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital.

A new species of (Lauraceae) from southwestern China.

Field investigations in Guizhou, China, in 2020 resulted in the discovery of an unknown species of Lauraceae. Morphological studies revealed that it is a new species of CinnamomumSchaeff.sect.

Impact of sarcopenia on postoperative pulmonary complications after gastric cancer surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after gastric cancer surgery. This study aimed to explore the impact of sarcopenia on PPCs in patients who had undergone gastric cancer surgery.

Methods: We included patients who underwent a transabdominal radical gastrectomy between June 2016 and October 2020.

Surface Coated Sulfur Nanoparticles Suppress Disease in Field Grown Tomato: Increased Yield and Nutrient Biofortification.

Little is known about the effect of nano sulfur (NS) under field conditions as a multifunctional agricultural amendment. Pristine and surface coated NS (CS) were amended in soil at 200 mg/kg that was planted with tomato () and infested with f. sp.

Structural Modification in Anesthetic Drug Development for Prodrugs and Soft Drugs.

Among the advancements in drug structural modifications, the increased focus on drug metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties in the anesthetic drug design process has led to significant developments. Drug metabolism also plays a key role in optimizing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of drug molecules. Thus, in the field of anesthesiology, the applications of pharmacokinetic strategies are discussed in the context of sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants.

Therapeutic Delivery of Nanoscale Sulfur to Suppress Disease in Tomatoes: In Vitro Imaging and Orthogonal Mechanistic Investigation.

Nanoscale sulfur can be a multifunctional agricultural amendment to enhance crop nutrition and suppress disease. Pristine (nS) and stearic acid coated (cS) sulfur nanoparticles were added to soil planted with tomatoes () at 200 mg/L soil and infested with . Bulk sulfur, ionic sulfate, and healthy controls were included.

Metabolomic analysis reveals dose-dependent alteration of maize (Zea mays L.) metabolites and mineral nutrient profiles upon exposure to zerovalent iron nanoparticles.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been widely applied in the environmental field to degrade organic pollutants. The potential risk posed from nZVI on crop species is not well understood and is critical for sustainable application in the future. In this study, maize (Zea mays L.

Cipacinerasins A-K, structurally diverse limonoids from Cipadessa baccifera.

Eleven undescribed limonoids, cipacinerasins A-K, involving of four diverse carbon skeletal types, along with fifteen known analogues, were isolated from the branches and leaves of Cipadessa baccifera. Within them, cipacinerasins A and B feature a rearranged tetrahydropyranyl ring B formed between C-8 and C-30, are unusual miscellaneous-type limonoids. Cipacinerasins E and F are rare trijugin-type limonoids, of which the D-ring δ-lactone is cleaved.

Fruit economic characteristics and yields of 40 superior Camellia oleifera Abel plants in the low-hot valley area of Guizhou Province, China.

In this study, we assessed 26 economic characteristics and yields of the mature fruit of 40 superior Camellia oleifera Abel plants grown at the C. oleifera germplasm resource nursery in the low-hot valley area of Southwest Zuizhou, China, using principal component analysis (PCA). Correlations among the characteristics and the variability of the plants in these characteristics were also analyzed.

Impact of engineered nanomaterials on rice (Oryza sativa L.): A critical review of current knowledge.

After use, a large number of engineered materials (ENMs) are directly or indirectly released into the environment. This may threaten the agricultural ecosystem, especially with crops under high demand for irrigation water, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), a crop that feeds nearly half of the world's population.

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles affect yield, nutritional quality, and auxin associated gene expression in weedy and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains.

Weedy rice grows competitively with cultivated rice and significantly diminishes rice grain production worldwide. The different effects of Cu-based nanomaterials on the production of weedy and cultivated rice, especially the grain qualities are not known. Grains were collected from weedy and cultivated rice grown for four months in field soil amended with nanoscale CuO (nCuO), bulk CuO (bCuO), and copper sulfate (CuSO) at 0, 75, 150, 300, and 600 mg Cu/kg soil.

The 14-day repeated-dose toxicity studies of a fixed-dose combination, QXOH/levobupivacaine, via subcutaneous injection in mice.

QXOH-LB, a fixed-dose combination (35 mM QXOH and 10 mM levobupivacaine) has been shown to induce a long duration of local anesthesia in animal efficacy testing, which indicates potential for postoperative pain management. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxicity of QXOH-LB in NIH mice under the Guidance on the repeated-dose toxicity published by the China Food and Drug Administration. Mice (n = 30 per sex per group) were subcutaneously injected 5, 10, 20 mg/kg QXOH-LB, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg QXOH, and 5 mg/kg levobupivacaine (LB) once a day for 14 days with sacrifice of main study animals; remaining mice (n = 10 per sex per group) were monitored for an additional 4-week recovery period.