Clinical practice guidelines for acute infectious diarrhea in children in China (2024).

Background: Some new progress and evidence have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute infectious diarrhea since the publication of the "Chinese clinical practice guidelines for acute infectious diarrhea in children" (2018 edition guidelines). The updated "Chinese clinical practice guidelines for acute infectious diarrhea in children" incorporates new evidence-based recommendations for managing acute infectious diarrhea in the Chinese pediatric population.

Data Sources: Building on the 2018 edition guidelines, expert panels reviewed clinical evidence, assessed preliminary recommendations, and conducted open-ended discussions to finalize the updated guidelines.

Rapid Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Disseminated BCG Infection in Infants With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Case Report.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection is rare. Targeted next-generation sequencing for tuberculosis can rapidly identify different strains of complex as well as drug resistance genes. Herein we report 2 cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in whom targeted next-generation sequencing rapidly identified Bacillus Calmette-Guerin as the infectious trigger.

Consensus for criteria of running a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center using a modified Delphi approach.

Background: Good quality of care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) depends on high-standard management and facility in the IBD center. Yet, there are no clear measures or criteria for evaluating pediatric IBD (PIBD) center in China. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive set of quality indicators (QIs) for evaluating PIBD center in China.

Invasive Infection in Infants: A Case Report.

Infants are more likely to develop severe pertussis. We report a malignant pertussis case in a 2-month-old boy with respiratory failure, severe pneumonia, septic shock, and encephalopathy. was detected from nasopharyngeal secretions by polymerase chain reaction, as well as both blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples via metagenomics next-generation sequencing.

Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions prevention on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of fish oil-containing lipid emulsions on preventing parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is not known. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify any prevention effect.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched up to 26 January 2021 for studies related to the preventive effect of fish oil-containing lipid emulsions and fish oil-free lipid emulsions on cholestasis in VLBW infants.

Clinical features of sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency in pediatric patients: case series and literature review.

Sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) deficiency is a newly reported hereditary bile acid metabolic disease. Here we describe the clinical characteristics of 12 cases of pediatric NTCP deficiency, as well as review 60 previously reported cases in the literature in order to provide better guidance for pediatricians. The clinical records, laboratory and imaging data were collected of 12 cases who were treated at the pediatric infectious disease department of the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, China, from December 2018 to July 2020.

Impacts of ceftriaxone exposure during pregnancy on maternal gut and placental microbiota and its influence on maternal and offspring immunity in mice.

This study aimed to investigate the association between microbiota found in the maternal gut and placenta, and whether ceftriaxone exposure during pregnancy could alter these microbiota, and consequently affect the immunity of the mothers and their offspring. The microbiota in the feces and placenta of the dams were comprehensively analyzed using16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, viable bacteria in the placentas and blood of pups were also isolated by plate cultivation then taxonomically identified in detail by clone sequencing.

Collagenous colitis in a child induced by chronic respiratory allergy: A case report.

Introduction: Collagen colitis (CC) is a microscopic colitis diagnosed by mucosal biopsy and is extremely rare in children.

Patient Concerns: We reported a child with severe persistent diarrhea that could not be relieved with traditional diarrheal treatment. No abnormalities were found after multiple colonoscopies.

Loading ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and Bifidobacteria bifidum TMC3115 to neonatal mice could differently and consequently affect intestinal microbiota and immunity in adulthood.

Recent studies have demonstrated that antibiotics/or probiotics administration in early life play key roles on modulating intestinal microbiota and the alterations might cause long-lasting consequences both physiologically and immunologically. We investigated the effects of early life ceftriaxone, vancomycin and Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) treatment on intestinal microbiota and immunity both in neonates and adults even after termination of antibiotics exposure. We found that ceftriaxone and vancomycin, but not TMC3115, significantly altered the intestinal microbiota, serum total IgE level, and the morphology and function of the intestinal epithelium in the neonatal mice.

Chinese clinical practice guidelines for acute infectious diarrhea in children.

Background: The guidelines addressed the evidence-based indications for the management of children with acute infectious diarrhea in Chinese pediatric population.

Data Sources: The experts group of evidence development put forward clinical problems, collects evidence, forms preliminary recommendations, and then uses open-ended discussions to form recommendations. The literature review was done for developing this guideline in databases including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, China Biomedical Database, and Chinese Journal Full-text Database up to June 2013.

Safety and tolerability of the ketogenic diet used for the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: a systematic review of published prospective studies.

Background: To review the available evidence from prospective studies on the safety and tolerability of the ketogenic diet (KD) for the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy.

Methods: A comprehensive bibliographic search was performed with the aim of retrieving prospective studies that monitored adverse effects (AEs) in children after receiving the classic or medium-chain triglyceride KD therapy for refractory epilepsy.

Results: A total of 45 studies were retrieved, including 7 randomized controlled trials.

[Preparing for Quantitative Detections].

Objectives: To compare different preparation methods for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection of .

Methods: Standard strains of were prepared with concentration gradients using strain DNA, PCR product amplification and purification, and plasmid DNA methods. The concentrations of were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometer and real-time quantitative PCR.

[Research advances in nutritional assessment methods in children with chronic liver diseases].

Malnutrition is commonly seen in children with chronic liver diseases, and there are interactions between them. Chronic liver diseases can cause malnutrition and this can affect the prognosis of children with chronic liver diseases. Due to the complexity of nutritional assessment in children with chronic liver diseases, there are still no unified standards for the diagnosis of malnutrition.

[Current status of research on infantile cholestatic liver disease in China: a visualization analysis].

Objective: To investigate the current status of research on infantile cholestatic liver disease in China and future research trends.

Methods: A co-word analysis was performed in October 2016. Document retrieval and screening were performed in the Chinese databases CNKI and Wanfang Data using "cholestasis" and "infant" as key words.

[Research advances in association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota].

In recent years, more and more studies have noted the close association between gut microbiota and the development and progression of obesity. Gut microbiota may act on obesity by increasing energy intake, affecting the secretion of intestinal hormones, inducing chronic systemic inflammation, and producing insulin resistance. This article reviews the association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota, as well as possible mechanisms, in an attempt to provide a reference for the etiology, prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

[A clinical study of invasive fungal disease in children without underlying diseases].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children without underlying diseases.

Methods: The clinical data of 49 children without underlying diseases who were diagnosed with IFD were retrospectively studied.

Results: Fungal pathogens were detected in 37 (76%) out of 49 patients, including Cryptococcus neoformans (17 children, 46%), Candida albicans (10 children, 27%), Aspergillus (3 children, 8%), and Candida parapsilosis (3 children, 8%).

[A visualization study of research papers on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad over the past decade].

Objective: To introduce co-word analysis into the analysis of the current research status of childhood tuberculous meningitis, to compare the similarities and differences in research topics of the field in China and abroad over the past decade, and to discover the advantages and weak links in the study field in China.

Methods: PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for the articles which met the inclusion criteria. Ucinet 6.

[A young boy with elevated aminotransferases in physical examination--Two novel missense mutations associated with Wilson's disease were found].

A 3-year-old boy had abnormal liver function, which was found in physical examination, for 5 months before admission. He had no symptoms such as anorexia, poor appetite, and jaundice, had normal growth and development, and showed no hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory examination revealed significantly reduced ceruloplasmin (35 mg/L), as well as negative hepatotropic virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.

[Epidemiological study on nasal carriage in hospitalized children infected with Staphylococcus aureus].

Objective: To study the relationship between nasal carriage and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in hospitalized children.

Methods: Fifty-six hospitalized children infected with S.

[Expression of CD20 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its correlation with clinical outcomes].

Objective: To determine whether expression of CD20 is associated with clinical outcomes of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL).

Methods: 271 newly diagnosed childhood BCP-ALL during January 2009 to May 2013 were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated in line with the Chinese Childhood Leukemia Group ALL 2008 protocol (CCLG-ALL 2008).

[A comparative study of the gene chip technology and acid-fast staining or mycobacterial culture to diagnose].

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of mycobacterial DNA microarray technology for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis.

Methods: 120 clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized child patients. Acid-fast staining, mycobacterial culture and DNA microarray assays were performed using these clinical specimens.