c-Ski is a novel repressor of NF-κB through interaction with p65 and HDAC1 in U937 cells.

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, and previous research from our lab and others suggests that c-Ski has potential anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role and mechanism of c-Ski, which are related to the regulation of the NF-κB pathway, are still unclear. Here, U937 cells were used, and increasing c-Ski protein levels inhibited inflammatory factor production, invasion, and phagocytosis.

Enhanced U-Net with Multi-Module Integration for High-Exposure-Difference Image Restoration.

Machine vision systems have become key unmanned vehicle (UAV) sensing systems. However, under different weather conditions, the lighting direction and the selection of exposure parameters often lead to insufficient or missing object features in images, which could fail to perform various tasks. As a result, images need to be restored to secure information that is accessible when facing a light exposure difference environment.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of S-RM with different rock block proportions in fault zone.

The distribution range of soil-rock mixtures (S-RM) in fault zones is wide, with significant differences in mechanical properties, making them the main sites for rock instability and support structure failure in mines. This paper takes the Sanshan Island fault zone as the engineering background, and uses a self-designed small-scale test device to conduct triaxial compression tests to study the strength and deformation failure laws of S-RMs with different rock block proportions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%). Combined with numerical simulation test results, the spatial transport laws and microscopic deformation failure characteristics of particles with different particle sizes in the S-RM are revealed.

Distinct Ecological Habits and Habitat Responses to Future Climate Change in Two Subspecies of K. Koch, a Tree Endemic to East Asia.

, an important ornamental tree native to East Asia, comprises two subspecies in distinct regions, with wild populations facing suboptimal survival. This study aimed to understand the potential habitat distribution of these subspecies under future climate-change conditions to support climate-adaptive conservation. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used with occurrence and environmental data to simulate the current and future suitable habitats under various climate scenarios.

Subregions of the fusiform gyrus are differentially involved in the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery in depression.

Background: Impaired visual mental imagery is an important symptom of depression and has gradually become an intervention target for cognitive behavioral therapy.

Methods: Our study involved a total of 25 healthy controls (HC) and 23 individuals with moderate depressive symptoms (MD). This study explored the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery impairments in depression using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), attentional network test (ANT), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Perceived stress and brain connectivity in subthreshold depression: Insights from eyes-closed and eyes-open states.

Perceived stress is an acknowledged risk factor for subthreshold depression (StD), and fluctuations in perceived stress are thought to disrupt the harmony of brain networks essential for emotional and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between eye-open (EO) and eye-closed (EC) states, perceived stress, and StD. We recruited 27 individuals with StD and 33 healthy controls, collecting resting state fMRI data under both EC and EO conditions.

Corrigendum: Nitazoxanide, an antiprotozoal drug, reduces bone loss in ovariectomized mice by inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.

Inhibition of the interaction between microglial adenosine 2A receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates neuroinflammation posttraumatic brain injury.

Aims: Adenosine 2A receptor (A R) is widely expressed in the brain and plays important roles in neuroinflammation, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial component of the innate immune system while the regulation of A R on it in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been clarified.

Methods: The effects of microglial A R on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation were investigated in wild-type, A R- or NLRP3-knockout primary microglia with pharmacological treatment. Microglial A R or NLRP3 conditional knockout mice were used to interrogate the effects of this regulation on neuroinflammation posttraumatic brain injury (TBI).

Knockdown of adenosine A2A receptors in hippocampal neurons prevents post-TBI fear memory retrieval.

The formation of fear memory is crucial in emotional disorders such as PTSD and anxiety. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause emotional disorders with dysregulated fear memory formation; however, their cross-interaction remains unclear and hurdled the treatment against TBI-related emotional disorders. While adenosine A2A receptor(A2AR) contributes to the physiological regulation of fear memory, this study aimed to evaluate the A2AR role and possible mechanisms in post-TBI fear memory formation using a craniocerebral trauma model, genetically modified A2AR mutant mice, and pharmacological A2AR agonist CGS21680 and antagonist ZM241385.

Molecular and functional characterization of a ladderlectin-like molecule from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis).

Ladderlectin is a member of C-type lectins (CTLs) in teleost fish and involved in innate immune defense. In this study, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) ladderlecin-like (PaLL-like) sequence was cloned, which encodes a polypeptide of 172 amino acids that includes a signal peptide and characteristic C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs). Phylogenetically, PaLL-like was most closely related to its teleost counterpart from shishamo smelt (Spirinchus lanceolatus).

Acute, chronic, and genotoxic studies on the protopine total alkaloids of the (willd.) R. Br. in rodents.

The protopine alkaloids are widely distributed within the opium poppy family and have a wide range of pharmacological effects. MPTA is a product of the protopine total alkaloids extracted from the (Willd.) R.

Preclinical safety evaluation of extract: A re-assessment of general toxicity and genotoxicity properties in rodents.

extract (MCE) is widely used for its diverse pharmacological actions and beneficial effects on farm animals. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, and is gradually becoming a long-term additive veterinary drug used to improve animal intestinal health and growth performance. Although some evidence points to the DNA mutagenic potential of sanguinarine (SAN), a major component of MCE, there is a lack of sufficient basic toxicological information on the oral route, posing a potential safety risk for human consumption of food of animal origin.

Exploring the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Protopine Total Alkaloids of (Willd.) R. Br.

(Willd). R. Br.

Ablation of GSDMD Attenuates Neurological Deficits and Neuropathological Alterations After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Pyroptosis plays a significant role in neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the role of pyroptosis executor Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in neurological deficits and neuropathological alterations after TBI have not been elucidated. Our results demonstrated that GSDMD-KO exerted striking neuroprotective effects on motor dysfunction and neuropathological alterations (loss of synaptic proteins, microglia activation, astrogliosis, dendrite injury, and neuron death) at 3 days after TBI.

Safety assessment of MPTA: An oral acute and 90-day sub-chronic toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats.

MPTA is a novel extract product derived from Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br.

High glutamate concentration reverses the inhibitory effect of microglial adenosine 2A receptor on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.

NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the innate immune system. Our group previously reported that the microglial adenosine 2A receptor (AR) regulates canonical neuroinflammation, which is affected by the glutamate concentration. However, the regulatory effect of AR on NLRP3 inflammasome and the effects of glutamate concentration remain unknown.

Nitazoxanide, an Antiprotozoal Drug, Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibition of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis.

Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug with broad-spectrum anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic potential. However, its regulatory effects on osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study found that NTZ potently inhibited osteoclast formation at the early stage of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner at a non-growth inhibitory concentration.

Molecular characterization and chemotaxis assay of a CC motif chemokine ligand 25 from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus).

CC motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) is a key chemokine that attracts various types of leukocytes, such as activated peritoneal macrophages. However, information on CCL25 in fish is limited. Here, a CCL25 gene (LjCCL25) was identified from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), showing upregulation in multiple tissues against Vibrio harveyi infection.

Iguratimod inhibits osteoclastogenesis by modulating the RANKL and TNF-α signaling pathways.

Background: Iguratimod, a small molecular drug, has been proven to have effective bone protection for treatment of patients with bone loss-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the exact bone protective mechanism of iguratimod remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to better explore the underlying mechanism of bone protection of iguratimod.

MOSPD2 is a receptor mediating the LEAP-2 effect on monocytes/macrophages in a teleost, .

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in a host's innate immune system. We previously demonstrated that mudskipper ( ) LEAP-2 (BpLEAP-2) induces chemotaxis and activation of monocytes/ macrophages (MO/MФ). However, the molecular mechanism by which BpLEAP-2 regulates MO/MΦ remains unclear.