An effective framework to study signal transmission due to non-homogeneous extracellular space in neuron.

Nerve conduction velocity studies are essential to understanding neurological disorders like ALS, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, sciatic nerve disorders, and multiple sclerosis, which are marked by slowed signal conduction. Various ions in the extracellular space (ECS) and the nerve fiber regulate signal propagation, making it crucial to analyze ECS's impact on signal transmission. This study examines how a non-homogeneous extracellular space affects nerve conduction velocity using a modified cable model that incorporates ECS parameters such as its diameter and resistance.

Validation of human sensory neurons derived from inducible pluripotent stem cells as a model for latent infection and reactivation by herpes simplex virus 1.

Unlabelled: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) undergoes primary acute lytic replication in mucosal epithelial cells and then spreads to establish latent infection in peripheral neurons including sensory and autonomic neurons. Latent HSV-1 reactivates to cause recurrent cold sores but can also cause more severe disease including keratitis and encephalitis. Animal models have been used extensively to study HSV-1 latent infection, while human sensory neuronal systems have been difficult to establish or make scalable.

Decoding active force fluctuations from spatial trajectories of active systems.

Mesoscopic active systems exhibit various unique behaviors-absent in passive systems-due to the forces generated by the corresponding constituents by converting their available free energies. However, estimating these forces-which are also stochastic and remain intertwined with the thermal noise-is especially nontrivial. Here, we introduce a technique to extract such fluctuating active forces acting on a passive particle immersed in an active bath with high statistical accuracy by filtering out the related thermal noise.

Harnessing the immune system: Insights into cancer vaccines.

Cancer vaccines have become a promising approach in the fight against cancer, harnessing the remarkable capability of the human immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. These vaccines are specifically engineered to activate the immune response against malignant cells, marking a significant advancement in contemporary research. By capitalizing on the unique ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate cancer cells, these vaccines present promising prospects for both prevention and therapeutic intervention.

Polymeric nanocomposites: Recent advances, challenges, techniques, and biomedical applications.

Incredible advances in material technology have fueled the adoption of a variety of new materials, hybrids, and composites across a wide range of applications. Among these developing prospects, polymer nanocomposites stand out for their potential to revolutionize the future due to their diverse characteristics and accompanying benefits. These nanocomposites have a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensors.

Multifaced Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin: Spotlight on Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide due to its aggressive nature, early metastasis, and resistance to standard chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug and remains one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer. This review delves into the diverse anticancer attributes of DOX, encompassing its ability to induce DNA damage, provoke the production of reactive oxygen species, facilitate various mechanisms of cell death, and promote or enhance an anti-tumor immune response.

Low-Frequency 1/ Noise and Barrier Height Inhomogeneity in Topological Insulator-Based Photodetectors.

Topological insulators (TIs) with symmetry-protected surface states offer exciting opportunities for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic device applications. The heterojunctions of TIs and semiconductors (e.g.

Preclinical NCI-MPACT: prospective modeling of the mutation-based NCI-MPACT clinical trial therapeutic strategy in patient-derived xenograft models.

Purpose: The National Cancer Institute's Molecular Profiling-Based Assignment of Cancer Therapy (NCI-MPACT) randomized phase 2 clinical trial assessed the utility of applying tumor DNA sequencing to treatment selection. Here, we report the results of a companion preclinical study in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to evaluate how each tumor responded to each of the treatment regimens studied in the NCI-MPACT trial instead of simply to the specific regimen targeting the study-actionable mutation of interest (aMOI).

Methods: Fifty-one PDX models (46 with and 5 without NCI-MPACT aMOIs) were tested against both the arm that would have been assigned in the NCI-MPACT trial as well as every other study regimen: (1) veliparib plus temozolomide or (2) adavosertib plus carboplatin (targeting the DNA repair pathway); (3) everolimus (targeting the PI3K pathway); and (4) trametinib (targeting the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway).

Experimental toolkit to study the oncogenic role of WNT signaling in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is linked to the WNT/β-catenin signaling as its primary driver. Aberrant activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling is closely correlated with increased incidence, malignancy, poorer prognosis, and even higher cancer-related death. Research over the years has postulated various experimental models that have facilitated an understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying WNT signaling in CRC.

Subclinical infection and localization of foot-and-mouth disease viral RNA/antigens in apparently healthy Asiatic buffalo under natural condition.

The present study aimed to identify the subclinical infection and tissue-specific localization of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus RNA and/or antigen in Asiatic-buffaloes as their possible involvement in starting new outbreaks is still up for debate. Serum, oropharyngeal fluid (OPF), and 11 distinct tissue-samples were taken from the slaughterhouses from Asiatic-buffaloes (n = 70) and processed for 3AB3-non-structural protein (NSP) antibody titre estimation, virus isolation and genome detection, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) examinations, and indirect immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Of these, it was found that 04 (serum), 14 (OPF), and 18 (tissue) samples tested positive for NSP Ab, and FMD Viral genomic RNA/Ag, respectively.

RRM2B deficiency causes dATP and dGTP depletion through enhanced degradation and slower synthesis.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication requires a steady supply of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs), synthesized de novo by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). In nondividing cells, RNR consists of RRM1 and RRM2B subunits. Mutations in cause mtDNA depletion syndrome, linked to muscle weakness, neurological decline, and early mortality.

Measuring Respiration Rate from Speech.

The physical basis of speech production in humans requires the coordination of multiple anatomical systems, where inhalation and exhalation of air through lungs is at the core of the phenomenon. Vocalization happens during exhalation, while inhalation typically happens between speech pauses. We use deep learning models to predict respiratory signals during speech-breathing, from which the respiration rate is estimated.

A Study to Compare the Relationship Between Tissue Eosinophilia and Radiological Findings in Nasal Polyposis.

Nasal polyps are benign inflammatory growth of sinonasal mucosa, often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. This condition prevalent among adults, significantly impacts the quality of life. Eosinophil plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

Differential Expression of miRNAs Between Young-Onset and Late-Onset Indian Colorectal Carcinoma Patients.

Reports indicate a worldwide increase in the incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Carcinoma (EOCRC) (<50 years old). In an effort to understand the different modes of pathogenesis in early-onset CRC, colorectal tumors from EOCRC (<50 years old) and Late-Onset patients (LOCRC; >50 years old) were screened to eliminate microsatellite instability (MSI), nuclear β-catenin, and mutations, as these are known canonical factors in CRC pathogenesis. Small-RNA sequencing followed by comparative analysis revealed differential expression of 23 miRNAs (microRNAs) specific to EOCRC and 11 miRNAs specific to LOCRC.

Olaparib in treatment-refractory isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)- and IDH2-mutant cholangiocarcinoma: Safety and antitumor activity from the phase 2 National Cancer Institute 10129 trial.

Background: Neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations lead to the accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), an oncometabolite implicated in tumor progression via inhibitory effects on alpha-ketoglutarate. Moreover, mutant IDH-dependent accumulation of 2-HG results in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which preclinically renders tumors sensitive to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Here, the results of the cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arm of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 10129 olaparib in IDH-mutant solid tumors basket trial are reported.

Genetic parameter analysis and evaluation of maize hybrids under local climatic condition of Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Maize is a cornerstone of global agriculture, essential for food security, livestock feed, and industrial uses. With the increasing demand for maize due to population growth and changing dietary patterns, there is a pressing need to enhance maize production. Hybridization is a strategic approach for developing high-yielding and stress-tolerant maize varieties and evaluating these hybrids in specific environmental conditions is vital for optimizing yield and adaptability.

Utilising snake rescue data to understand snake-human conflict in Hooghly, West Bengal, India.

Background: Snakebite envenoming, classified as a neglected tropical disease, poses a significant threat to life in India, where it is estimated to cause 58 000 fatalities as well as 140 000 morbidities annually. To reduce the occurrence of snakebite, we need a comprehensive understanding of human-snake conflict ecology. Snake rescue networks represent a vital resource for gathering such ecological data.

Total alpha radioactivity in fertilizers used in the Indian state of West Bengal using CR-39 SSNTDs: Presentation of a comparative view for different types of fertilizers.

Use of fertilizers in agriculture soils is a worldwide practice to increase the yield of agricultural products. Fertilizers may contain radioactive elements may be present along with plant's nutrients in fertilizers. Migrated radioactive elements from the fertilized soils can find their entry into the environment and human body through several ways, which may lead to induce a potential radiological risk to human health.

Elucidating the link between binding statistics and Shannon information in biological networks.

The response of a biological network to ligand binding is of crucial importance for regulatory control in various cellular biophysical processes that is achieved with information transmission through the different ligand-bound states of such networks. In this work, we address a vital issue regarding the link between the information content of such network states and the experimentally measurable binding statistics. Several fundamental networks of cooperative ligand binding, with the bound states being adjacent in time only and in both space and time, are considered for this purpose using the chemical master equation approach.

Developmental signals control chromosome segregation fidelity during pluripotency and neurogenesis by modulating replicative stress.

Human development relies on the correct replication, maintenance and segregation of our genetic blueprints. How these processes are monitored across embryonic lineages, and why genomic mosaicism varies during development remain unknown. Using pluripotent stem cells, we identify that several patterning signals-including WNT, BMP, and FGF-converge into the modulation of DNA replication stress and damage during S-phase, which in turn controls chromosome segregation fidelity in mitosis.

Ferroelectric Stochasticity in 2D CuInPS and Its Application for True Random Number Generator.

True random number generators (TRNGs), which create cryptographically secure random bitstreams, hold great promise in addressing security concerns regarding hardware, communication, and authentication in the Internet of Things (IoT) realm. Recently, TRNGs based on nanoscale materials have gained considerable attention for avoiding conventional and predictable hardware circuitry designs that can be vulnerable to machine learning (ML) attacks. In this article, a low-power and low-cost TRNG developed by exploiting stochastic ferroelectric polarization switching in 2D ferroelectric CuInPS (CIPS)-based capacitive structures, is reported.

Strong light-matter interaction and non-linear effects in organic semiconducting CuPc nanotubes: realization of all-optical diode and switching applications.

Spatial self-phase modulation based on the optical Kerr effect has gained momentum in recent years to analyse the nonlinear optical properties of 2D inorganic nanomaterials. In the present work, we investigate the strong light-matter interaction of organic semiconducting materials based on SSPM, by developing Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanotubes a solvothermal technique. The low bandgap of CuPc facilitates the study of its nonlinear optical properties for a broad spectrum range from 671 nm to 405 nm.

Resveratrol nanoparticles induce apoptosis in oral cancer stem cells by disrupting the interaction between β-catenin and GLI-1 through p53-independent activation of p21.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are mainly responsible for tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and cancer recurrence. CSCs growth and progression are regulated by multiple signaling cascades including Wnt/β-catenin and Hh/GLI-1, which acts independently or via crosstalk. Targeting the crosstalk of signaling pathways would be an effective approach to control the CSC population.