Return to Duty After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in the South Korean Military Population.

Background: Shoulder instability is a frequent concern in active duty military personnel because of the high physical demands of service. Arthroscopic Bankart repair is commonly employed to address anterior shoulder instability, but there is limited data on return-to-duty outcomes in military cohorts, particularly in the South Korean population.

Methods: This retrospective study included 30 active duty male soldiers who underwent isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair at a single military hospital.

Characteristics and management of mechanically ventilated patients in South Korea compared with other high-income Asian countries and regions.

Background: This study investigated the characteristics of mechanically ventilated patients in South Korean intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: We conducted a subgroup analysis of a multinational observational study. Data from 271 mechanically ventilated patients in South Korean ICUs were analyzed for demographics, ventilation practices, and mortality, and were compared with those of 327 patients from other high-income Asian countries.

Reconfigurable Neuron and Synapse Operations in a Steep-Switching Nonvolatile Transistor.

Neuromorphic systems that emulate the information transmission of biological neural networks face challenges in their integration owing to the disparate features of neuron- and synapse-mimicking devices, leading to complex and inefficient system architectures. Herein, the study proposes a steep-switching nonvolatile field-effect transistor leveraging a CuInPS/h-BN/WSe heterostructure to enable reconfigurable neuron- and synapse-modes by electrostatically modulating the carrier density of the channel to control its Fermi level, thereby facilitating leaky-integrate-and-fire (LiF) neuron operation. In addition, an additional ferroelectric-gating effect enhances the chemical potential of the channel through interactions between ferroelectric dipoles and channel carriers, allowing LiF operation at a reduced operating bias condition.

Associations of driving pressure and mechanical power with postoperative pulmonary complications in one-lung ventilated surgery.

Background: The potential clinical value of driving pressure (DP) and mechanical power (MP) as digital biomarkers for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) has been emphasized. Although several studies have explored this association, evidence from clinical cohorts involving large patient populations remains limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between October 2004 and May 2023 on patients who underwent OLV surgery.

Two stage large language model approach enhancing entity classification and relationship mapping in radiology reports.

Large language models (LLMs) hold transformative potential for medical image labeling in radiology, addressing challenges posed by linguistic variability in reports. We developed a two-stage natural language processing pipeline that combines Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and an LLM to analyze radiology reports. In the first stage (Entity Key Classification), BERT model identifies and classifies clinically relevant entities mentioned in the text.

Central Tumor Location in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma: Association with Recurrence and Survival Outcomes.

Prognostic implications of lung cancer location remain uncertain, in part relating to heterogeneous definitions for central tumor location. To assess associations of central tumor location, determined using an automated lung segmentation algorithm, with recurrence and survival outcomes in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. This retrospective study included patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for invasive lung adenocarcinoma between July 2010 and December 2019.

Bronchiectasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: AI-based CT quantification using the bronchial tapering ratio.

Objective: Although chest CT is the primary tool for evaluating bronchiectasis, accurately measuring its extent poses challenges. This study aimed to automatically quantify bronchiectasis using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of the bronchial tapering ratio on chest CT and assess its association with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials And Methods: COPD patients from two prospective multicenter cohorts were included.

Steep-Slope CuInPS Ferroionic Threshold Switching Field-Effect Transistor for Implementation of Artificial Spiking Neuron.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered considerable attention as energy-efficient and biologically inspired computing paradigms. However, despite the growing interest, the development of hardware-based SNNs has remained limited, primarily because of insufficient research on hardware-based spiking neuron devices. In this study, a CuInPS (CIPS)-based threshold switching field-effect transistor (TS-FET) is presented, featuring steep switching characteristics, and demonstrate its potential as an energy-efficient spiking neuron device.

Optimizing Nursing Data for Al and CDSS: SNOMED CT Mapping Using K-MIMIC.

This study mapped K-MIMIC (Korean Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care) nursing data to SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms), an international standard terminology, to assess its potential for data standardization and utilization in AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System) development. Of approximately 12,000 nursing data entries from two hospitals, 8,424 were included in the final mapping, with exact matches accounting for 90.4%, broad matches for 8.

KC-UNIT: Multi-kernel conversion using unpaired image-to-image translation with perceptual guidance in chest computed tomography imaging.

Computed tomography (CT) images are reconstructed from raw datasets including sinogram using various convolution kernels through back projection. Kernels are typically chosen depending on the anatomical structure being imaged and the specific purpose of the scan, balancing the trade-off between image sharpness and pixel noise. Generally, a sinogram requires large storage capacity, and storage space is often limited in clinical settings.

Interstitial lung abnormality with preserved pulmonary function in lung cancer screening-eligible individuals: long-term effects on function and prognosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of CT progression of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) and ILA subtypes on pulmonary function and mortality in lung cancer screening (LCS) participants with preserved pulmonary function.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive participants who met the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for LCS during a medical check-up between 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 80% at baseline was considered indicative of preserved pulmonary function.

Prognostic impact of extracapsular extension of lymph nodes in resected lung cancer: analysis by new N subcategories and histologic types.

Objectives: Despite being an R1 descriptor, the effects of extracapsular extension (ECE) on survival are inconsistent and remains invalidated under N2 subcategorization (pN2a and pN2b). This study aimed to validate the survival effect of ECE across N subcategories and histologic types.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for NSCLC between 2010 and 2022, with proven pN-positive status and Union for International Cancer Control R0 designation, were retrospectively included.

Risk factors for poor survival outcomes in patients with resected stage I lung cancer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.

Objectives: To identify risk factors in patients with surgically-resected pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations dichotomized according to the presence of ground-glass opacity (GGO).

Methods: Patients with pathological stage I NSCLC harbouring EGFR mutations who underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively included. Cox regression was used to investigate risk factors for overall survival (OS).

Longitudinal Tracking of Emphysema Holes at Noncontrast CT: Dynamic Patterns and Clinical Relationships.

Background Emphysema holes change longitudinally in various ways, but current CT measurements lack the ability to fully capture these changes beyond measuring the extent of emphysema. Purpose To track emphysema holes longitudinally, group them according to their dynamics, and investigate their relationship with change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV), disease progression, and mortality. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis, data from participants in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort study from June 2005 to October 2013 who completed baseline and 6-year follow-up CT with identical protocols were evaluated.

Validation of the gender, age, physiology model and other prognostic factors in interstitial lung disease patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases-interstitial lung disease (SARD-ILD) exhibit diverse clinical courses, highlighting the importance of prognostic prediction for effective management. This study aimed to validate the gender-age-physiology (GAP) model in patients with SARD-ILD and identify additional prognostic factors. Clinical data of patients diagnosed with SARD-ILD at a tertiary center in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed.

Real-World Comparison of Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone Versus Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: KMM2004 Study.

Background: Lenalidomide-based triplet regimens, specifically carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) and ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd), are recognized as effective treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Since 2020, South Korea's National Health Insurance Service has covered these combinations, prompting a need for real-world comparisons of their efficacy and safety.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 182 RRMM patients treated with KRd (112) or IRd (70) at 17 South Korean centers from May 2020 to April 2021 was conducted.

Quantitative CT Imaging in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly heterogeneous condition characterized by diverse pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Efforts to quantify its various components using CT imaging have advanced, aiming for more precise, objective, and reproducible assessment and management. Beyond emphysema and small airway disease, the two major components of COPD, CT quantification enables the evaluation of pulmonary vascular alteration, ventilation-perfusion mismatches, fissure completeness, and extrapulmonary features such as altered body composition, osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis.

Unraveling the tumor-microenvironment through a radiogenomic-based multiomic approach to predict outcomes of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in influencing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to develop a radiomics model reflecting an ICI-favorable TME based on whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS).

Methods: This multi-center retrospective cohort study included training (n = 120), internal validation (n = 319), and external validation (n = 150) cohorts of advanced NSCLC patients who received ICI as first- or second-line therapy.

Foreign Body Ingestion: Radiologic Evaluation, Findings, and Management.

Foreign body ingestion and sensation are common clinical conditions encountered in emergency and outpatient settings. True foreign body ingestion typically involves a history of swallowing a foreign object and is often confirmed by radiographic findings. The management of foreign body ingestion depends on the type, size, and location of the object, as well as the patient's symptoms.

Development and Validation of a Clinical Scoring System Predicting 30-Day Mortality in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background And Objectives: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a frequent and fatal complication of IPF, with highly variable individual outcomes that are challenging to predict.

Methods: This study included patients (≥ 19 years) who met the diagnostic criteria for AE-IPF. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following hospital admission.

Psychological Impact and Differences in Child and Adolescent Victims of Sexual Violence in South Korea: Using Data From a Sunflower Center in South Korea From 2015 to 2022.

Objective: Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a serious social problem. The characteristics of child and adolescent victims differ based on their varying developmental processes. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis to assess the same.

Cellulose-Based Pickering Emulsion-Templated Edible Oleofoam: A Novel Approach to Healthier Solid-Fat Replacers.

As health concerns and regulatory pressures over saturated and trans fats grow, there is a growing need for healthier alternatives to traditional solid fats, such as butter and hydrogenated oils, that are still widely used in the food system. In this study, cellulose particle-based Pickering emulsions (CP-PEs) were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose and ethylcellulose and then foamed to obtain edible oleofoams (CP-EOs) as a solid-fat replacer. The average size of CP-PE droplets without surfactant was 598 ± 69 nm, as confirmed by confocal and transmission electron microscopy.

Gaussian bandpass filter with tunable bandwidth and center wavelength based on diffraction grating and spatial mode coupling.

We propose a tunable Gaussian bandpass filter based on a diffraction grating and spatial mode coupling, of which the bandwidth and center wavelength can be easily and independently adjusted by the location and angle of the grating, respectively. In an experimental demonstration for proof of principle, the center wavelength was tuned from 775 to 805 nm according to the bandwidth of the light source used, but note that there is no particular limitation of the tuning range. In addition, the bandwidth was tuned in this work from 0.

Fish Meal Replacement with a Combination of Meat Meal and Chicken Byproduct Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Biochemical Parameters and Muscle Composition of Juvenile Red Seabream ().

A combination of meat meal (MM) and chicken byproduct meal (CBM) were evaluated as fish meal (FM) replacers in the diets of juvenile red seabream (). The control diet was formulated with 60% FM (CON). Four other diets were designed by reducing the FM levels to 45, 30, 15, and 0% by adding 14, 28, 42, and 56% MM and CBM in a 1:1 ratio to compensate for the reduced protein level (designated as MC14, MC28, MC42, and MC56, respectively).