Fast Biparametric Versus Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Triage of Men with Elevated Prostate-specific Antigen: The PRO-TRIAGE Prospective Comparative Trial.

Background And Objective: The increasing demand for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underscores the need for better accessibility. We conducted a prospective study to compare fast biparametric MRI (fast-bpMRI) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in terms of the number of men requiring biopsy and the detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC).

Methods: From May 2021 to December 2023, fast-bpMRI and mpMRI scans for 364 men were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to two different readers for evaluation using Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.

Prognostic impact of extracapsular extension of lymph nodes in resected lung cancer: analysis by new N subcategories and histologic types.

Objectives: Despite being an R1 descriptor, the effects of extracapsular extension (ECE) on survival are inconsistent and remains invalidated under N2 subcategorization (pN2a and pN2b). This study aimed to validate the survival effect of ECE across N subcategories and histologic types.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for NSCLC between 2010 and 2022, with proven pN-positive status and Union for International Cancer Control R0 designation, were retrospectively included.

Malignant Hepatocellular Neoplasm, not Otherwise Specified, Displays Poorer Chemoresponsiveness and Postoperative Prognosis than Hepatoblastoma.

Purpose: Malignant hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) is a provisional diagnostic entity, characterised by intermediate or a combination of hepatoblastoma and paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (p-HCC) features. We compared the characteristics of HCN-NOS with hepatoblastoma and p-HCC.

Materials And Methods: The records of 148 paediatric patients diagnosed with hepatocellular malignancy after resection were retrieved from the institutional database.

Clinicopathologic and genomic analyses of SMARCA4-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma implicate the needs for tailored treatment strategies.

Background: The clinicopathologic and therapeutic significance of SMARCA4 mutation in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unclear.

Methods: We retrieved 575 NSCLC cases from the clinical target sequencing cohort (N = 2157) to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of groups subclassified based on the presence of truncated or non-truncated SMARCA4 mutations (SMARCA4-truncated, SMARCA4-non-truncated, and SMARCA4-wild type [WT]). The differences in gene expression profiles between these groups were evaluated using the TCGA-LUAD dataset.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma revisited: impact of the World Health Organization 2022 classification on prognostication.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of the revised papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) classification and evaluate its validity with regard to oncological outcome stratification.

Patients And Methods: Identifying 527 patients with PRCC who underwent surgical resection from 1995 to 2022, a tissue microarray was constructed for immunohistochemical and molecular characterisation. Re-classification according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 criteria and nuclear grading according to the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathologists criteria were done.

Optimal Diagnostic and Treatment Response Threshold of the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score: A Single-Center Study of 102 Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background/aims: The proposed eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) endoscopic reference score serves to diagnose and evaluate treatment responses in EoE. Nevertheless, the validated reference score thresholds for diagnosis and treatment response in Asian patients are yet to be established. This study aims to establish these thresholds for the first time among Asian patients with EoE.

Prognostic significance of tertiary lymphoid structures in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with association to delta-like ligand 3 and neuroendocrine expressions.

Background: Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare cancers with highly aggressive behavior. Although tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are well-known prognostic factors in various cancers, their role in gastric NECs remain unexplored. Unique immunohistochemical subtypes of pulmonary NECs have been discovered, however, their feasibility in gastric NECs is unknown.

Presence of RB1 or Absence of LRP1B Mutation Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the stomach are extremely rare, but fatal. However, our understanding of the genetic alterations in gastric NECs is limited. We aimed to evaluate genomic and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric NECs and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs).

Additional reporting of diffuse and homogeneous ROS-1 SP384 immunoreactivity enhances prediction of ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: ROS-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a common method for screening ROS1 fusion in the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer. The interpretation criteria for ROS-1 SP384 IHC, however, remain unestablished.

Methods: Sixty-five non-small cell lung cancer cases underwent AmoyDx ROS1 fusion real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study and ROS-1 SP384 IHC tests, which were retrieved for analysis.

Artificial intelligence algorithm for neoplastic cell percentage estimation and its application to copy number variation in urinary tract cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer is characterized by frequent mutations, which provide potential therapeutic targets for most patients. The effectiveness of emerging personalized therapies depends on an accurate molecular diagnosis, for which the accurate estimation of the neoplastic cell percentage (NCP) is a crucial initial step. However, the established method for determining the NCP, manual counting by a pathologist, is time-consuming and not easily executable.

Radiologic tumor border can further stratify prognosis in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Background And Objectives: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET), although rare in incidence, is increasing in recent years. Several clinicopathologic and molecular factors have been suggested for patient stratification due to the extensive heterogeneity of PanNETs. We aimed to discover the prognostic role of assessing the tumor border of PanNETs with pre-operative computed tomography (CT) images and correlate them with other clinicopathologic factors.

Invasiveness of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Significance and Integrative Diagnostic Strategy.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the clinicopathologic, radiologic, and molecular significance of the tumor invasiveness to further stratify the patients with high-grade (HG) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who can be treated less aggressively.

Materials And Methods: Clinicopathologic and radiologic characteristics of 166 surgically resected HG UTUC (48 noninvasive, and 118 invasive) cases were evaluated. Six noninvasive UTUC cases with intratumoral tumor grade heterogeneity were selected for whole-exome sequencing (WES) to understand the underlying molecular pathophysiology.

Salivary Gland Neoplasms With a Unique Trabecular Histology and MAML2 Translocation : A Trabecular Variant of a Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are the most common salivary gland malignancy and have a diverse histology. Many histologic variants of MEC have now been confirmed with characteristic molecular alterations involving CRTC1::MAML2 or CRTC1::MAML3 translocations. We here report a series of 7 trabecular variants of MEC which showed a predominant trabecular or nested pattern with either focal glandular differentiation or clear cell change and keloid-like fibrosis in the background.

Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors According to the 2019 World Health Organization Grading System: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Background/aims: Although gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon neoplasms, their prevalence is increasing. The clinical importance of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastric NETs, compared with NETs in other organs, has been underestimated. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of gastric NETs based on the 2019 WHO classification and to assess the survival outcomes of patients from a single-center with a long-term follow-up.

Clinicopathologic and genomic features of high-grade pattern and their subclasses in lung adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Recent lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) grading system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has emphasized the proportion of high-grade patterns (HGPs). We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics associated with HGP which has not yet been fully investigated.

Methods: Tissue samples from 174 patients who underwent surgical resection of LUAD from January to December 2015 were histologically evaluated.

Combined Infiltrative Macroscopic Growth Pattern and Infiltrative Microscopic Tumor Border Status Is a Novel Surrogate Marker of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Context.—: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are heterogeneous tumors with a wide range of malignant potential. Therefore, identification of prognostic factors is essential.

Double Ki-67 and synaptophysin labeling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor biopsies.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are frequently detected on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) specimens. The conventional methods for evaluating the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67LI) in EUS-FNAB specimens are laborious, and their results are difficult to interpret. More practical and easy methods for evaluating the Ki67LI in PanNETs from EUS-FNAB specimens is increasing in need.

A Case of Glomus Tumor Mimicking Neuroendocrine Tumor on Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.

 Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT is a valuable tool for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Various tumors and normal human tissue express the somatostatin receptor (SSTR), warranting attention to positive findings on  Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT. However, overexpression of SSTR in glomus tumors has not yet been reported.

AHA1 regulates cell migration and invasion via the EMT pathway in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

The progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been well studied and understood with the development of molecular and genetic techniques. However, specific marker(s) that could be used to predict lymph node (LN) involvement, which is the most important prognostic factor for CRC, have not been identified so far. Our previous study, in which network analysis of LN(+) and LN(-) CRC gene expression was carried out with data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, led to the identification of AHA1.

Real-World Efficacy Data and Predictive Clinical Parameters for Treatment Outcomes in Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and to identify clinicolaboratory factors to predict treatment outcomes in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving ICIs.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients with metastatic or unresectable ESCC treated with nivolumab (n=48) or pembrolizumab (n=12) as ≥ second-line treatment between 2016 and 2019 at Asan Medical Center were included.

Results: The median age of the patients was 68 years (range, 52 to 76 years), and 93.

Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.

Blood Vessel Invasion Predicts Postoperative Survival Outcomes and Systemic Recurrence Regardless of Location or Blood Vessel Type in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Presence of blood vessel invasion (BVI) is one of the prognostic indicators for lung cancer patients with surgical resection. However, prognostic roles of the location and the type of the involved blood vessel have not been fully evaluated yet.

Patients And Methods: We retrieved the data of 217 cases of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma from Asan Medical Center.