Bidirectional upregulation of Klotho by triiodothyronine and baicalein: mitigating chronic kidney disease and associated complications in aged BALB/c mice.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge marked by progressive renal decline and increased mortality. The interplay between CKD and hypothyroidism, particularly nonthyroidal low-triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome, exacerbates disease progression, driven by HPT axis dysfunction and reduced Klotho levels due to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. This study explored Klotho as a link between CKD and hypothyroidism using an adenine-induced CKD aged mouse model.

A review of emerging trends in nanomaterial-driven AI for biomedical applications.

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding quickly. To mimic the structure and biological evolution of the human brain, AI was developed to enable computers to acquire knowledge and manipulate their surroundings. There have been notable developments in the use of AI in healthcare; it can enhance diagnosis and treatment in various medical specialties.

Distinct features of a peripheral T helper subset that drives the B cell response in dengue virus infection.

Dengue-virus-induced humoral immunity can increase the risk of severe disease, but the factors influencing this response are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the contribution of CD4 T cells to B cell responses in human dengue infection. We identify a dominant peripheral PD-1 T cell subset that accumulates in severe patients and could induce B cell differentiation via interleukin-21 (IL-21)-related pathway.

Unveiling epilepsia partialis continua as an early indicator of HIV encephalitis.

A young male with no known addictions and comorbidities presenting with recurrent clonic-myoclonic movements, initially localized to the left corner of the mouth and left upper limb, evolving into epilepsia partialis continua, despite appropriate sequential antiepileptic medications, subsequently progressed to refractory status epilepticus. He was tested positive for HIV infection and his neuroimaging revealed nonenhancing lesions, a novel finding in HIV-related encephalitis. We managed him with intravenous immunoglobulin along with multiple antiepileptic medications and highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), and he exhibited a rapid clinical recovery over 3 weeks.

An institutional approach to thick wall gall bladder and our experience of 5450 gallstone disease.

Introduction: Gallstone disease (GSD) has a high prevalence in India. GSD presentation varies from being asymptomatic to severe complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the procedure of choice.

PlQC based highly sensitive and reproducible novel SERS active substrate for biomolecule detection with high specificity.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for biomolecule sensing. When combined with a broadband plasmonic structure, label-free, highly sensitive detection of specific molecules is possible. It is non-invasive, sensitive, fast, and can be used for in-situ analysis, unlike enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence immunoassay, and radioimmunoassay.

Private provider practices and incentives for hypertension management in rural and peri-urban Telangana, India- a qualitative study.

Hypertension poses a critical threat to health in India, being the predominant risk factor for mortality and disability. With over 70% of outpatient care being provided by the private sector, our study investigated the practices and incentives of private health providers in screening, diagnosing, treating, monitoring, and counseling hypertension patients in rural and peri-urban India. Conducted from April 2020 to February 2021, the qualitative study involved 46 participants, including various healthcare professionals and patients in three Telangana state districts.

Improved Arterial Stiffness Indices 3 and 6 Months after Living-donor Renal Transplantation.

Arterial stiffness is a non-traditional risk factor of cardiovascular disease and may explain part of the excess cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients. Successful renal transplantation (RT) may restore renal function and improve several metabolic abnormalities involved in arterial stiffness. This prospective study conducted non-invasive assessments of arterial stiffness indices [the augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)] in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients before RT and 3 and 6 months after living-donor RT, alongside the effects of age and calcineurin inhibitors on arterial stiffness.

Compact Linnik-type hyperspectral quantitative phase microscope for advanced classification of cellular components.

Hyperspectral quantitative phase microscopy (HS-QPM) involves the acquisition of phase images across narrow spectral bands, which enables wavelength-dependent study of different biological samples. In the present work, a compact Linnik-type HS-QPM system is developed to reduce the instability and complexity associated with conventional HS-QPM techniques. The use of a single objective lens for both reference and sample arms makes the setup compact.

Intra-abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMFT)-Uncommon Entity.

IMFT (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour) is an uncommon tumour predominantly affecting the lungs and mediastinum. Most of the published literature supports that it affects children and young individuals. IMFT involving the gastrointestinal tract is rare.

Nephrotic Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as Clinical Presentations of Gemcitabine-Induced Thrombotic Micro-Angiopathy.

Gemcitabine-induced thrombotic micro-angiopathy (GiTMA) is a very rare pathology of micro-vascular occlusion with a poor prognosis. In this case report, we present a young male with pancreatic carcinoma who received gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy and developed thrombotic micro-angiopathy (TMA) manifesting as nephrotic syndrome with renal dysfunction and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The case was successfully managed with discontinuation of the drug and conservative management.

Utility of "Acanthosis Nigricans" and "Skin Tags" as a screening tool for risk of developing noncommunicable diseases: A cross-sectional study at a health facility in Lucknow (India).

Context: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally, accompanied by a relative decline in communicable diseases.

Aims: With this background, the research was planned to determine the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags (STs) in the study population and to examine the relationship between the presence of AN and ST with commonly used indicators such as waist-to-height ratio (W/Ht.), Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and body mass index for predicting the risk of NCDs.

Contrasting effects of molecular crowding on the membrane-perturbing and chaperone-like activities of major bovine seminal plasma protein, PDC-109.

Crowded environments inside cells and biological fluids greatly affect protein stability and activity. PDC-109, a polydisperse oligomeric protein of the bovine seminal plasma selectively binds choline phospholipids on the sperm cell surface and causes membrane destabilization and lipid efflux, leading to acrosome reaction. PDC-109 also exhibits chaperone-like activity (CLA) and protects client proteins against various kinds of stress, such as high temperature and low pH.

White-Light Spectral Interferometry for Characterizing Inhomogeneity in Solutions and Nanocolloids.

We demonstrate the use of white-light spectral interferometry as an effective technique involving only linear optical interactions and a partially coherent light source to measure the complex transmission response function of optical resonance and to determine the corresponding variation in the refractive index relative to a reference. We also discuss experimental arrangements to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of the technique. The superiority of the technique over single-beam absorption measurements is demonstrated by the accurate determination of the response function of the chlorophyll- solution.

Efficacy and safety of glycopyrronium/formoterol delivered via a dry powder inhaler in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results from a multi-centre, open-label, randomised study.

Background: We designed this randomised, open-label, parallel group, multi-centre study to investigate the efficacy and safety of glycopyrronium/formoterol, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist fixed dose combination, delivered through a dry powder inhaler (DPI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Material And Methods: We randomised (1:1) patients with moderate to severe COPD (N = 356) to receive glycopyrronium 25 μg/formoterol 12 μg via DPI twice daily (GF-DPI) or glycopyrronium 50 μg monotherapy via DPI once daily (G-DPI). The primary study endpoint was the mean change from the baseline in pre-dose trough-forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at 12 weeks.

Identification of metabolic fingerprints in severe obstructive sleep apnea using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a major sleep-related breathing problem with an increasing prevalence rate. Retrospective studies have revealed the risk of various comorbidities associated with increased severity of OSA. This study aims to identify novel metabolic biomarkers associated with severe OSA.

Diagnosis of Pediatric Stroke in Resource Limited Settings.

Global awareness of stroke as a significant cause of neurologic sequelae and death in children has increased over the years as more data in this field becomes available. However, most published literature on pediatric stroke have limited geographic representation. Data on childhood stroke from developing countries remains limited.

Crop classification by using dual-pol SAR vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-1 SAR-C data.

In the following study, an attempt is made for crop classification of rainy season through analyzing time-series Sentinel-1 SAR data of May 2020 to September 2020. The SVI index derived from dual-pol (VV and VH) bands consisting of NRPB ([Formula: see text]), DPDD [Formula: see text]), IDPDD ([Formula: see text]), and VDDPI [Formula: see text] ratios are utilized for discriminating inter-vegetative boundaries of crop pixels. This study was conducted near Karnal city region, Karnal district, Haryana, India.

Carbon nanotube incorporated eucalyptus derived activated carbon-based novel adsorbent for efficient removal of methylene blue and eosin yellow dyes.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) incorporated eucalyptus derived activated carbon-based novel adsorbent is synthesized by a novel route. This adsorbent is investigated for the removal of two different dyes; methylene blue (MB) and eosin yellow (EY) from the waste water. The effect of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration, has been used to measure the dye removal efficiency of the adsorbent.

A novel approach to detect barium in gunshot residue using a handheld device: a forensic application.

The present manuscript describes an innovative handheld device for the rapid detection of barium (Ba) in Gunshot Residue (GSR) based on the use of gold nanomaterials capped with sodium malonate. The method depends on a shift in the Light Scattering Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak of malonate capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from 526 nm to 610.5 nm, due to the carboxylate ion aggregation between the metal and the nanoparticles leading to a change in the color.

Rhinosporidiosis in Central India: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh.

Background And Aims: Chhattisgarh is an endemic region for rhinosporidiosis infection in Central India. This high prevalence can be explained by suitable hot tropical environment as well as social practice of common bathing of public with animals outdoor, mainly in ponds and river. There are more than 200 ponds in and around Bilaspur district, mainly in Ratanpur region.