Integrating Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care among Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Call for Action.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) worldwide. However, there is no nationwide public health policy in India that aims to prevent cervical cancer among WLHIV. Thus, the integration of cervical cancer preventive services within existing HIV care programs is essential.

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (Syphilis, N. Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia) in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major global public health concern and are linked with human immunodeficiency virus in many ways. There is little evidence of the pooled prevalence of STIs across both states (Andhra Pradesh and Odisha).

Objectives: Hence, we aim to estimate the prevalence of STIs in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Knowledge and Practice of TB Notification among the Private Health Care Providers in Eastern India.

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a notifiable disease since 2012. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of private health care providers (PHCPs) regarding TB notification and to identify the physician-level and health system-level factors determining knowledge and practice of TB notification. A cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area of AIIMS Bhubaneswar.

Retrospective analysis of whole blood donor demographics at a rural University in India.

The WHO highlights a significant disparity in blood donation, with developing countries, comprising 82% of the global population, contributing only 39% of the world's blood supply. Addressing this gap requires promoting voluntary blood donation and understanding donor demographics. This study examines the demographic profile of blood donors in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP) from 2018 to 2023, analyzing data from 45,067 donors at UPUMS Blood Centre.

Empowering adolescents in Lucknow with rabies awareness: An interventional study.

Background: Rabies is a preventable viral zoonotic disease that remains a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries like India. Despite the availability of vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis, rabies incidence, particularly from dog bites, is high.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to assess the need for health education about rabies among adolescents in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, and evaluate the effect of health awareness interventions on their knowledge.

A separate set of guidelines for screen time used for recreation versus education-The need of hour for a child's education in post-COVID era.

Background: The duration of time spent on electronic or digital media is defined as screen time. Digital media expansion and COVID-19 pandemic have made children more inclined towards screen time both as a necessity and as a habit.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study on children, aged two to five years, was conducted for one year (2021-2022).

Progress and challenges towards eliminating vertical transmission of HIV in India.

India has intensified efforts towards elimination of vertical transmission of HIV (EVTH) as part of National AIDS and STD Control Programme-V (NACP-V). We present the progress in achieving NACP-V's EVTH goal as of year 2023-24. We analysed the 2023 state level data using Spectrum model in 2023 to measure the coverage of anti-retroviral treatment among pregnant women, annual paediatric HIV case incidence rate and final vertical transmission rate.

Identification and comprehensive genomic characterization of cellulolytic Bacillus species reveal unique CAZyme profiles for leaf litter degradation and compost production.

Leaf litter, abundant in lignocellulosic materials, is difficult to degrade, hindering efficient composting in agriculture. This study focused on isolating and identifying Bacillus species with strong cellulolytic activity to improve leaf litter decomposition under subtropical agro-climatic conditions. Three bacterial strains, B1S, B1M, and B1D were isolated from composted leaf litter and characterized through morphological, biochemical, and enzymatic analyses.

Uncovering the stressors and coping strategies among young people living with HIV: A Hospital-based qualitative study in Eastern India.

Background: HIV/AIDS is a modern epidemic. Although its overall incidence is relatively low in India, more young people are getting infected because of a lack of knowledge and high transmissibility. Antiretroviral therapy has brought a radical change in the treatment of HIV.

Cardiovascular Events in Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is known to be associated with cardiovascular events (CVEs). However, the incidence of CVE has not been thoroughly investigated in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the incidence of CVE in patients with LN.

Effectiveness of Plan-Do-Check-Act approach in improving the safe injection practice among healthcare workers in a secondary-level healthcare facility - A pre- and post-study design.

Background: The strengthening of the health system ensured a significant increase in the number of different healthcare facilities in India. The number of injection procedures and the risk of potential needle stick injuries also increased. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach is an accepted approach to improving healthcare facilities, which must be explored in the context of safe injection practices.

Effect of needle priming on blood collection time in whole blood donation.

Efficient and safe blood donation procedures are critical for maintaining an adequate and reliable blood supply. Needle priming, a pre-donation procedure aimed at preventing clot formation, is hypothesized to improve blood flow and reduce donation time. A case-control study was conducted with 340 participants to evaluate the impact of needle priming on whole blood donation.

Validation of the Hindi version of the MOS SF-36 health survey for evaluating quality of life among the elderly population in North India.

Context: India's aging population, expected to increase significantly by 2050, necessitates a focus on the quality of life (QoL) among the elderly. QoL, encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being, is essential for the elderly, given the challenges they face. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a widely used tool for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) but requires validation for the geriatric population in North India.

Profile of Injuries Among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of Khordha District, Odisha-A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, patterns, and risk factors for injury among under-five children.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of Khordha district among 600 under-five children. A multistage sampling technique was used to assess the prevalence, patterns, and factors associated with injuries using a semi-structured questionnaire, followed by an environmental hazard assessment of the built environment of the selected participants.

IAPSM's Position Paper on Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV) for Adult Immunization in India.

Pneumococcal infection among adults is associated with invasive disease and poor outcomes. Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) introduction has significantly reduced disease burden, invasive disease and reduced the rates of antimicrobial resistance. Of the various vaccines licensed, PCV 13 and PPSV 23 are available for use in India.

Evaluation of the Performance of Various Diagnostic Modalities Available for the Detection of Scrub Typhus in Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI) Cases at a Teaching Hospital in North Chhattisgarh, India.

Introduction: Due to the lack of adequate data on the effectiveness of diagnostic methods and the ambiguous clinical symptoms that overlap with other febrile illnesses, diagnosing scrub typhus is difficult. This study aims to compare the accuracy of various investigations required for the diagnosis of scrub typhus like immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) rapid test, IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a patient's serum.

Methods: This is a prospective study that includes all clinically suspected patients who visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Medicine and were admitted to the Medicine wards and Intensive Care Units of Rajmata Shrimati Devendra Kumari Singhdeo Government Medical College, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Seroprevalence of melioidosis and its associated risk factors -A population-based study in Odisha, Eastern India.

Melioidosis, caused by , is an emerging disease in Odisha, a state in eastern coastal India. Difficult to diagnose, the disease is likely to be severely underreported. Seroprevalence studies in the general population are deemed necessary for an estimate of melioidosis endemicity and to explore the associated risk factors.

Evaluation of diagnostic methods for detection of trichomoniasis in symptomatic women with vaginal discharge.

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is a common gynecological condition among reproductive age women. Common infections include bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis. Prevalence of trichomoniasis varies with geographical area and the diagnostic techniques used.

The Understanding and Exploration of Community Perception and Response Associated With Monkey Bites in a Rural District of Odisha, India: A Qualitative Study.

Background Human-wildlife conflict is a global threat to sustainable development, food security, and conservation. Southeast Asia, including India, faces a major risk, with a very high number of animal bites occurring annually. While several studies have focused on dog bites, the aim of this study is to describe monkey bite cases and understand the associated factors to improve rabies prevention.

Influences of aqua-(2-formylbenzoato) triphenyltin(IV) on regression of hypoxic solid tumor through mitochondrial mediated pathway by inhibiting Hif-1 alpha.

Tumor hypoxia is the major hindrance behind cancer chemotherapy and the foremost reason for the less effectiveness of most anticancer drugs. We herein inquire into the mechanistic part and therapeutic efficacy of our previously reported compound, aqua-(2-formylbenzoato) triphenyltin (IV) (abbreviated as OTC), in a hypoxic solid tumor-bearing mouse model (BALB/c). In addition to solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic potential of OTC in intraperitoneal tumor and in in vitro system.

Causes and determinants of infant mortality using verbal autopsy and social autopsy methods in a rural population of Odisha: a community-based matched case-control study.

Background: The avoidable causes of infant mortality should be identified, and interventions should be made to improve the infant mortality rate. The cause of infant deaths should be assessed in both medical and social contexts.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the medical causes of infant mortality by verbal autopsy and its determinants in two rural blocks of the Khordha district of Odisha and assess the pathway of care and delay in seeking care for the illness preceding infant death using the three-delay model.

Role of centchroman in regression of fibroadenoma: A 2-arm randomized control trial.

Background: Fibroadenomas are common benign breast lumps that can cause anxiety due to malignancy concerns, and Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown promise in reducing their size. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Centchroman in reducing fibroadenoma size, mastalgia, anxiety, and depression in affected patients.

Methodology: A parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care Breast Clinic with 104 patients aged 18‒45 years having fibroadenomas ≤ 3 cm.

Effect of National Accreditation Board for Hospital-Recommended Trainings on Patient Care Standards: A Comparative Study Based on the National Quality Assurance Standards Guidelines in a Tertiary Health-care Institute.

Background: The National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) have been developed keeping in specific requirements for public health facilities as well global best practices. Standards are primarily meant for providers to assess their quality for improvement through predefined standards and to bring up their facilities for certification.

Objectives: To study the effect of National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH)-recommended training on patient care standards based on NQAS guidelines.

Assessment of feeding hydroponic fodder on growth and reproduction performance in Black Bengal goat.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydroponic fodder on the growth and reproductive performance of Black Bengal goats in East Champaran, Bihar, during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22. A total of 24 goats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (C) with extensive grazing, gram straw, concentrate feed, and green fodder; Treatment 1 (T1) receiving C + 300 g/day of wheat hydroponic fodder; Treatment 2 (T2) with 300 g/day of maize hydroponic fodder alone; and Treatment 3 (T3) receiving C + a combination of 150 g/day of wheat and 150 g/day of maize hydroponic fodder. Each group comprised 6 animals.