Patterning and Dynamics of Structured Surfaces in Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks and Polymer Chemistry.

Patterning techniques have significantly advanced materials science by enabling precise control over structural and functional features of materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymers possess exceptional properties, including high porosity and tunable surface chemistry, making them promising candidates for patterning strategies. This review examines how these materials can be integrated with photolithography, self-assembly, and direct writing, emphasizing their synthesis, compatibility with fabrication methods, and performance advantages.

Outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction in complex ventral hernia patients: a single institution based prospective study.

Introduction: Complex ventral hernias, especially in patients with prior surgeries, large defects, or comorbidities, are associated with high rates of recurrence and complications such as infection, pain, and loss of abdominal domain. This study aims to contribute to developing standardised management strategies.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences over two years, involving 38 patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction for complex ventral hernias.

Operational Feasibility of "TB Concentration & Transport" and "TB DNA Extraction" Kits for Biosafe Dry Sputum Transport for Direct Detection of Drug Resistance Using Line Probe Assay: A Field Study in India.

Background: We recently described the utility of the "TB Concentration & Transport" kit for biosafe, ambient temperature transport of dried sputum on -Filter, and the "TB DNA Extraction" kit for DNA extraction from -Filter for the early diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and compatibility of these kits with line probe assay (LPA) under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) settings.

Methods: Patients with presumptive pulmonary TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, or extensively drug-resistant TB (N = 8491) who attended Designated Microscopy Centers (DMCs, n = 13) under National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) at Bhopal, New Delhi, Chennai, and Bhubaneswar were screened by smear microscopy.

Dedifferentiated Chordoma Harboring a Novel KRAS (G13D) Hot Spot Missense Mutation and an Additional Novel RPSAP52-HMGA2 Fusion: A Case Study.

Dedifferentiated chordoma (DDC) is a rare subtype of chordoma, having a biphasic appearance, and is characterized by conventional chordoma juxtaposed with a high-grade sarcoma. The high-grade component varies from pleomorphic to fibrosarcomatous type. Several studies have been published in the literature highlighting the genetic mutations associated with conventional and poorly differentiated chordoma, however only one study has been published in the literature that included four cases of DDCs and has shown genetic alterations in p53, PTEN, RB, CDKN2A, and TERT promoter genes.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Immunohistochemistry-Based Sub-Classification and Correlation with Clinico-Demographic Profile and Survival in Indian Patients.

Unlabelled: In India, breast cancer number is increasing at an alarming pace in younger women. Majority of the patients are presenting in an advanced stage and are frequently showing triple negative phenotype. Additionally, in India, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) prevalence is much higher in comparison to the western world.

Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, and FokI) with gestational diabetes mellitus in North Indian women: a case-control study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects nearly 14% of pregnancies and imposes an increased risk of adverse outcomes for both pregnant women and their developing babies. This study examined the genetic association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) variants (ApaI, BsmI, and FokI) with GDM in the North Indian population.

Methods: Tetra-ARMS PCR was used for genotyping of VDR variants followed by Sanger sequencing validation.

Understanding the working of magnetic COFs in the extraction and determination of target contaminants for food safety.

Rising food safety concerns necessitate sensitive, rapid, and reliable analytical methods for contaminant detection. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially magnetic COF composites, have emerged as powerful sorbents for sample preparation due to their tunable porosity, functional diversity, and magnetic recoverability. This review summarizes recent advances in COF-based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) applied to food matrices for the enrichment and detection of diverse contaminants, including mycotoxins, sulfonamides, aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and bisphenols.

Automatic Multiclass Tissue Segmentation Using Deep Learning in Brain MR Images of Tumor Patients.

Objective: Precise delineation of brain tissues, including lesions, in MR images is crucial for data analysis and objectively assessing conditions like neurological disorders and brain tumors. Existing methods for tissue segmentation often fall short in addressing patients with lesions, particularly those with brain tumors. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a robust pipeline utilizing convolutional neural networks for rapid and automatic segmentation of whole brain tissues, including tumor lesions.

Three Interesting Cases of Primary Oral Tuberculosis Masquerading As Malignancy: Case Reports with Review of Literature.

Primary oral tuberculosis (TB) is very rare accounting for less than 1% of the cases. The clinical presentation is indistinguishable from other common oral lesions particularly squamous cell carcinoma in adults. A careful examination of punch biopsy with microbiological work-up is essential for correct diagnosis.

Pituitary Blastoma: Expanding the Spectrum of Histopathological Findings in a Young Adult With DICER1 Mutation.

Pituitary blastoma is a rare embryonal tumor of the pituitary gland, typically occurring in children under 2 years of age and strongly associated with germline DICER1 mutations. Only a limited number of cases have been reported, with very few occurring beyond early childhood. We present the case of a 27-year-old male who presented with severe headaches, vomiting, visual disturbances, and altered behavior.

Primary synovial sarcoma of thyroid: Diagnostic pitfalls and importance of immunohistochemistry.

Synovial sarcoma in the head and neck region is relatively uncommon, and primary synovial sarcoma of the thyroid gland is extremely rare with only 19 reported cases in the English literature. The rarity of disease leads to delayed and frequent misdiagnosis in the radiological and fine needle aspiration cytology examination. A prompt diagnosis is required to avoid emergency tracheostomy.

Minimally invasive surgery for acute groin hernias: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: An open approach is widely used for the surgical treatment of acute groin hernia, however, in recent decades multiple studies have explored the safety and benefits of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for acute groin hernia.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the electronic databases and meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4.

Endo-loop or interrupted suture closure of gallbladder remnant during laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy- a retrospective analysis of our experience at a high-volume centre of Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LSC) is a rescue procedure in difficult case, retaining all advantages of minimally invasive surgery. The most reputed definition of subtotal cholecystectomy is the removal of 3/4th of gallbladder with closure of the infundibulum. The closure of the infundibulum can be with either intracorporeal interrupted suture or pre-knotted endo-loop.

Engineered covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for adsorption-based metal separation technologies: A critical review.

Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials used for separation and purification during environmental remediation. This critical review focuses on two key aspects. First, it critically examines strategies to improve COF design and structure and evaluates their impact on separation performance.

Dimensional Control and Optical Properties of Tunable Silver Coordination Polymers via Nanocluster Assembly.

The controlled assembly of silver nanoclusters (NCs) into tunable coordination polymers (CPs) presents opportunities for functional material design, although stability-related challenges persist. Herein, we report the synthesis of three silver CPs (-) by adjusting reaction conditions, such as method and solvent, facilitating the self-assembly of silver NCs with the 4,8-ethenobenzo[1,2-:4,5-'] dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2,6)-tetrone (BDI) ligand. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal three distinct architectures: a one-dimensional cyclic loop chain (), a two-dimensional layered structure (), and a 2-fold interpenetrated cyclic loop chain ().

Large blood vessel segmentation in quantitative DCE-MRI of brain tumors: A Swin UNETR approach.

Brain tumor growth is associated with angiogenesis, wherein the density of newly developed blood vessels indicates tumor progression and correlates with the tumor grade. Quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has shown potential in brain tumor grading and treatment response assessment. Segmentation of large-blood-vessels is crucial for automatic and accurate tumor grading using quantitative DCE-MRI.

Oligoastrocytoma: The Vanishing Entity With True Dual Genotype, a Report, its Molecular Profiles and Review of Literature.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are classified as astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma based on the recent application of mutation, mutation, and 1p/19q co-deletion. Astrocytomas classically show and mutations, whereas oligodendrogliomas are defined by 1p/19q co-deletion. However, there are reports of gliomas that harbor both astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma morphologically and molecularly.

Giant Primary Choledocholithiasis: A Rare Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Literature.

Choledocholithiasis is the second most common complication of gallstone disease. Giant primary choledocholithiasis is a rare occurrence. Ultrasonography is the initial mode of imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound is considered superior to other modalities.

Prevalence of bacteriuria and treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: The global incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is rising, with bacterial causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) being a common factor contributing to complications in these patients.

Aim: To identify the prevalence of bacteriuria and treatment response in patients with symptomatic BPH.

Materials And Methods: This 1-year prospective study included all patients presenting with LUTS due to BPH who met the inclusion criteria.

Utility of pleural fluid-derived extracellular vesicles as a source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens MPT51 and MPT64 for pleural TB diagnosis: a proof-of-concept study.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a source of microbe-specific biomarkers for disease diagnosis. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of pleural fluid-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) as a source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.

Peritoneal flap hernioplasty for large ventral hernias: a systematic review and meta-analysis : PFH for large ventral hernia.

Background: Primary closure of large ventral hernia is difficult and is usually complicated by postoperative mesh bulge, migration, and higher recurrence. Techniques like component separation and bridging mesh, transversus abdominus release, da Silva triple-layer repair, and peritoneal flap hernioplasty (PFH) are common treatment options.

Objective: To evaluate the early postoperative and long-term outcomes of PFH for large ventral hernias.

Primary intracranial dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An extremely rare site with unusual histopathological findings.

Primary intracranial sarcomas constitute a rare group of tumors, with the most common types described in the literature being chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a high-grade sarcoma that sometimes metastasizes to the brain. However, a primary intracranial DDLS is exceedingly rare.

TTF-1 immunohistochemistry in primary CNS tumors: A systematic review.

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a nuclear protein primarily recognized for its role in the development and differentiation of thyroid, lung, and certain diencephalic tissues. Although well-established as an immunohistochemical marker in thyroid and lung cancers, recent studies have explored its expression and diagnostic value in primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. This systematic review aims to consolidate current knowledge on TTF-1 immunohistochemistry in primary CNS tumors, assessing its prevalence, diagnostic utility, and clinical implications.

The COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis with Cutaneous Involvement.

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rise in the number of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) patients was reported globally. Cutaneous mucormycosis is the third most common presentation of mucormycosis.