Impact of Foliar Spray of Salicylic Acid on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) under Drought Stress.

Drought stress reduces growth, yield, and photosynthetic efficiency in pea plants, limiting nutrient uptake and requiring mitigation strategies. Salicylic acid plays a key role in plant development, and pea (Pisum sativum L.) ranks fourth in global production.

Impact of boron on Glycine max L. to mitigate salt stress by modulating the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses.

Background: Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in higher plants, contributing to various physiological processes. However, its protective mechanism in mitigating salt stress remained less understood. This study investigates that exogenous boron (0, 1, 2 kg ha) can help alleviate salt stress (0, 60, 120 mM NaCl) in two soybean cultivars AARI-2021 (V1) and Ajmeri (V2).

Silicon-mediated modulation of maize growth, metabolic responses, and antioxidant mechanisms under saline conditions.

Purpose: This study explored how exogenous silicon (Si) affects growth and salt resistance in maize.

Methods: The maize was cultivated in sand-filled pots, incorporating varied silicon and salt stress (NaCl) treatments. Silicon was applied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM, and salt stress was induced using 0, 60 and120 mM concentrations.

Optimizing Tomato () Yield Under Salt Stress: The Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Foliar Thiourea Application.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of thiourea exogenous application (0 mg/L and 100 mg/L) on the morphological, physiological, and yield traits of two varieties of tomato (Naqeeb and Nadir) under different salt stress treatments (0, 60, and 120 mM) in completely randomized design (CRD). The imposition of salinity by rooting medium showed that salt stress reduced plant height by 20%, fresh shoot weight by 50%, dry shoot weight by 78%, fresh root weight by 43%, dry root weight by 84%, root length by 34%, shoot length by 32%, shoot K by 47%, Ca by 70%, chlorophyll a by 30%, chlorophyll b by 67%, and the number of seeds per berry by 53%, while shoot Na ions were increased by 90% in comparison to those grown with control treatment. However, the exogenous application of thiourea significantly enhanced dry root weight by 25% and the number of seeds per berry by 20% in comparison to untreated plants with thiourea when grown under salt stress.

Exogenous application of selenium on sunflower ( L.) to enhance drought stress tolerance by morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptations.

Drought stress poses a significant obstacle to agricultural productivity, particularly in the case of oilseed crops such as sunflower ( L.). Selenium (Se) is a fundamental micronutrient that has been recognized for its ability to enhance plant resilience in the face of various environmental stresses.

Exogenous application of salicylic acid ameliorates salinity stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a significant cereal crop belonging to Poaceae that is essential for human food and animal feeding. The production of barley grains was around 142.

Urea fertilization increased CO and CH emissions by enhancing C-cycling genes in semi-arid grasslands.

Global climate change is predicted to increase exogenous N input into terrestrial ecosystems, leading to significant changes in soil C-cycling. However, it remains largely unknown how these changes affect soil C-cycling, especially in semi-arid grasslands, which are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, based on a 3-year field study involving N additions (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg ha yr of urea) in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, we investigated the impact of urea fertilization on plant characteristics, soil properties, CO and CH emissions, and microbial C cycling genes.

Effect of salinity stress and surfactant treatment with zinc and boron on morpho-physiological and biochemical indices of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum).

Micronutrient application has a crucial role in mitigating salinity stress in crop plants. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) as foliar applications on fenugreek growth and physiology under salt stress (0 and 120 mM). After 35 days of salt treatments, three levels of zinc (0, 50, and 100 ppm) and two levels of boron (0 and 2 ppm) were applied as a foliar application.

Melatonin as a master regulatory hormone for genetic responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model plant : a comprehensive review.

Melatonin is a naturally occurring biologically active amine produced by plants, animals and microbes. This review explores the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants, with a particular focus on its diverse roles in Arabidopsis thaliana , a model species. Melatonin affects abiotic and biotic stress resistance in A.

Effect of experimental boundary conditions and treatment-time on the electro-desalination of soils.

This study investigates the effect of boundary conditions and treatment-time on the electro-desalination of artificially-contaminated soil. The effect of ion exchange membranes (IEM), calcium chloride (CaCl), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the removal of salt (i.e.

Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges.

Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world.

Compost and humic acid amendments are a practicable solution to rehabilitate weak arid soil for higher winter field pea production.

Arid soils are often weak, low in fertility, and lack essential plant nutrients. Organic amendments might be a feasible solution to counter the detrimental impact and rehabilitate weak arid soil for the growth of legumes. The study aimed to investigate how organic amendments of compost and humic acid may affect winter field pea productivity in arid soil.

Salinity stress improves antioxidant potential by modulating physio-biochemical responses in Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a common edible plant, famous for several nutritional and therapeutic benefits. This study investigates the salt -induced modulations in plant growth, physio-biochemical responses, and antioxidant performance of M.

Study of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield-related traits in tomato ( MILL.).

Tomato is one of the most significant vegetable crops, which provides several important dietary components. Pakistan has a significant low tomato yield compared to other countries because of low genetic diversity and the absence of improved cultivars. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and yield-related traits in tomato.

The role of nanoparticles in plant biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses under drought stress: A review.

Drought stress (DS) is a serious challenge for sustaining global crop production and food security. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an excellent tool to enhance crop production under current rapid climate change and increasing drought intensity. DS negatively affects plant growth, physiological and metabolic processes, and disturbs cellular membranes, nutrient and water uptake, photosynthetic apparatus, and antioxidant activities.

Interactive effect of elevated CO and drought on physiological traits of .

Rising atmospheric CO concentrations are known to influence the response of many plants under drought. This paper aimed to measure the leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, and photosystem II (PS II) activity of under progressive drought conditions, along with ambient conditions of 400 ppm (aCO) and elevated conditions of 700 ppm (eCO). Plants of were grown at 400 ppm and 700 ppm under 100 and 60% field capacity in a laboratory growth chamber.

Toxic effects of antimony in plants: Reasons and remediation possibilities-A review and future prospects.

Antimony (Sb) is a dangerous heavy metal (HM) that poses a serious threat to the health of plants, animals, and humans. Leaching from mining wastes and weathering of sulfide ores are the major ways of introducing Sb into our soils and aquatic environments. Crops grown on Sb-contaminated soils are a major reason of Sb entry into humans by eating Sb-contaminated foods.

Improving crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency using sulfur and zinc-coated urea: A review.

Nitrogen (N) is an important macro-nutrient required for crop production and is considered an important commodity for agricultural systems. Urea is a vital source of N that is used widely across the globe to meet crop N requirements. However, N applied in the form of urea is mostly lost in soil, posing serious economic and environmental issues.

Molecular Tools and Their Applications in Developing Salt-Tolerant Soybean ( L.) Cultivars.

Abiotic stresses are one of the significant threats to soybean ( L.) growth and yields worldwide. Soybean has a crucial role in the global food supply chain and food security and contributes the main protein share compared to other crops.

Improvement of heat stress tolerance in soybean ( L), by using conventional and molecular tools.

The soybean is a significant legume crop, providing several vital dietary components. Extreme heat stress negatively affects soybean yield and quality, especially at the germination stage. Continuous change in climatic conditions is threatening the global food supply and food security.

Sulfur Enhancement for the Improvement of Castor Bean Growth and Yield, and Sustainable Biodiesel Production.

Due to limited conventional energy sources, there is a need to find substitute non-conventional sources of energy to meet the societal demands on a sustainable basis. Crude oil and edible oil remain major import items in Pakistan, the deficit of which can be compensated by using biomass, preferably inedible oilseeds. Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of sulfur (S) fertilization for improving yield (seed and oil) and biodiesel value of castor bean, a potential inedible crop with minimum input requirements.

Trehalose: a promising osmo-protectant against salinity stress-physiological and molecular mechanisms and future prospective.

Salt stress is one of the leading threats to crop growth and productivity across the globe. Salt stress induces serious alterations in plant physiological, metabolic, biochemical functioning and it also disturbs antioxidant activities, cellular membranes, photosynthetic performance, nutrient uptake and plant water uptake and resulting in a significant reduction in growth and production. The application of osmoprotectants is considered as an important strategy to induce salt tolerance in plants.