Photodegradation of Plastic Leachate: Revealing the Key Role of Halogen in Reduced Cytotoxicity in Marine Systems.

Understanding the cytotoxicity of plastic leachate from photodegraded sunscreen-derived microplastics (SDMPs) in various aquatic environments remains a challenge. This study reveals the crucial role of halogens in reducing leachate toxicity by examining the photodegradation of SDMPs in freshwater and seawater settings. Microplastics (MPs) extracted from three different commercial sunscreens, predominantly composed of methacrylate-based polymers, exhibited reduced photodegradation, leachate release, and leachate transformation in seawater.

Trust Reduces Social Aggression: Trust and Social Aggression Co-Development and the Longitudinal Relationship Among College Students.

Introduction: In the Chinese cultural context, which emphasizes the harmony of interpersonal relationships, social aggression, as a behavior that destroys others' social relationships, may cause greater harm to the victim. However, the longitudinal relationship between social aggression and protective factors (i.e.

Rosmarinic acid potentiates gefitinib in lung adenocarcinoma by modulating interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts.

While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) significantly influence tumor progression, their temporal dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated time-dependent interactions between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and CAFs, and evaluated rosmarinic acid (RA)'s potential to modulate these interactions. HCC827 lung adenocarcinoma cells and MRC-5 fibroblasts were co-cultured in vitro.

Layered double hydroxides/prussian blue analogs toward improved capacitive performances.

Nickel-based bimetallic hydroxides are widely used as supercapacitor electrodes owing to their high theoretical capacitance and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, challenges of low conductivity and substantial volume expansion exist during cycling processes. Herein, NiCo-layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH) nanosheets are electrodeposited on nickel foam (NF), followed by the generation of prussian blue analogs (PBA) on the surface of NiCo-LDH via the ion exchange, obtaining the NiCo-LDH/PBA.

Urbanization increases high-risk antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenic bacteria in soil and phyllosphere microbiomes.

Rapid urban expansion has transformed agricultural and natural land into industrial, commercial, and residential areas, leading to substantial changes in land use and vegetation types, which exert a profound impact on microbial diversity. However, the responses of soil-plant multitrophic microbial communities to urbanization and its upshots on the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) remain poorly explored. This study explored the urban soil and grass phyllosphere microbiomes across five levels of urban gradient, defined by building densities.

Genome-Wide Dissection of Sorghum B3 Transcription Factor Family Identifies SbLAV1 as a Critical Transcriptional Regulator of Starch Biosynthesis in Developing Sorghum Grains.

Sorghum ( L.) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world and widely used in the fields of food, feed, brewing, and fuel, while knowledge is mostly limited for sorghum grain development, including starch biosynthesis. B3 family transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in plant development, including grain development, dormancy, and storage of nutrients.

Canonical and Truncated Transglutaminase-2 Drive TGF-β1 Autocrine Loop to Induce Fibrosis in Graves' Orbitopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in fibroblasts of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and explore its potential mechanisms in orbital fibrosis.

Methods: A key gene selection model for GO was established through bioinformatics and machine learning. Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were cultured from orbital connective tissue samples.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum extracellular vesicles exert anti-PEDV effects through STING-dependent autophagy.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes severe gastrointestinal and lethal disease in piglets, leading to huge economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. Recent studies have emphasized probiotics can regulate innate immunity and cellular functions through interaction with intestinal epithelial cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs) as effective carriers. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is crucial for inducing type I interferons (IFNs) to establish antiviral innate immunity.

A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum from piglet intestines enhances the anti-PoRV effect via the STING-IFN-I pathway.

Background: Rotavirus infection represents a major etiology of severe diarrheal disease in neonatal and weaned piglets, causing substantial economic burdens to the global swine industry. Lactobacillus plantarum, a ubiquitous probiotic in natural ecosystems, has demonstrated multifaceted biological functions. The stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) mediated host antiviral innate immunity, which is a pivotal adaptor in response to the microbial DNA/RNA-activated signaling pathways.

Photodegradation Controls of Potential Toxicity of Secondary Sunscreen-Derived Microplastics and Associated Leachates.

The escalating environmental concern over secondary microplastics (SMPs) stems from their physicochemical evolution from primary microplastics (PMPs), yet the contribution of varying physicochemical transformations to the ultimate environmental risks remains unknown. In this study, a photomechanical degradation process was employed to convert the primary sunscreen-derived microplastics (SDMPs) into secondary SDMPs. While mechanical degradation caused physical fragmentation, photodegradation induced both physical and chemical alterations, introducing surface oxidation, chemical bond scission, and cross-linking to the secondary SDMPs.

The relationship between protist consumers and soil functional genes under long-term fertilization.

Protists play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems by participating in biogeochemical cycles and contributing to ecological balance and stability. However, much remains to be understood about the intricate interactions between soil protists and biogeochemical processes. Here, we collected rhizosphere soil samples from seven distinct fertilization treatments to investigate the responses of bacteria, protists and functional genes to these varying fertilization practices during sorghum's maturity season.

Impact of pandemic-related worries on mental health in India from 2020 to 2022.

This study examines how pandemic-related worries affected mental health in India's adults from 2020 to 2022. Using data from the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (N = 2,576,174), it explores the associations between worry variables (financial stress, food insecurity, and COVID-19-related health worries) and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Our analysis, based on complete cases (N = 747,996), used survey-weighted models, adjusting for demographics and calendar time.

National-scale distribution of protists associated with sorghum leaves and roots.

Protists, as integral constituents of the plant microbiome, are posited to confer substantial benefits to plant health and performance. Despite their significance, protists have received considerably less attention compared to other constituents of the plant microbiome, such as bacteria and fungi. To investigate the diversity and community structure of protists in sorghum leaves and roots, we employed amplicon sequencing of the eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene in 563 leaf and root samples collected from 57 locations across China.

Protists and fungi: Reinforcing urban soil ecological functions against flash droughts.

Rising instances of flash droughts are contributing to notable variability in soil moisture across terrestrial ecosystems. These phenomena challenge urban ecosystem services, yet the reaction of soil ecological functions (SEFs) to such events is poorly understood. This study investigates the responses of SEFs (about nutrient metabolism capacity and potential) and the microbiome under two specific scenarios: a flooding-drought sequence and a direct drought condition.

The physicochemical properties of Cassava Starch/Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium edible film incorporated of and its application in salmon fillet packaging.

Edible film is now a trend in the food packaging industry. In this study, edible films were prepared by adding two spp. ( Y11 and Y12) to a cassava starch and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium matrix.

Nitrogenous fertilizer plays a more important role than cultivars in shaping sorghum-associated microbiomes.

The plant microbiome plays a crucial role in facilitating plant growth through enhancing nutrient cycling, acquisition and transport, as well as alleviating stresses induced by nutrient limitations. Despite its significance, the relative importance of common agronomic practices, such as nitrogenous fertilizer, in shaping the plant microbiome across different cultivars remains unclear. This study investigated the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in leaf, root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil in response to nitrogenous fertilizer across ten sorghum varieties, using 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing, respectively.

Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome alleviates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis induced by active immunization.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neurological disorder, characterized by cognitive deficits as one of its vital features. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key contributor to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in neurological diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains unclear, and the biological function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this condition has not been elucidated.

Differentiation of cellular responses to particulate and soluble constituents in sunscreen products.

Despite the growing awareness of potential human and environmental risks associated with sunscreens, identifying the specific constituents responsible for their potential toxicity is challenging. In this study, we applied three different types of sunscreens with contrasting compositions and compared the effects of their particulate and soluble fractions based on 15 cellular biomarkers of HaCaT cells. Multilinear regression analysis revealed that the internalized soluble fractions played a primary role in the overall cytotoxicity of sunscreen mixtures, which was primarily attributed to their biotransformation, generating metabolites with higher toxicity.

Unveiling the luminescence property of LiMgGeO:Mn featuring the tetrahedral crystallographic-site occupancy of Mn.

Owing to the occupying tendency of Mn at octahedral sites, doping Mn activators in tetrahedral structures poses challenges and hence is seldom reported. In this work, tetrahedrally sited Mn phosphors were studied. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) data with Rietveld refinement analysis, the location of Mn was determined.

The miR-23b-3p from adipose-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate inflammation in mice experiencing kainic acid-induced epileptic seizures.

Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder. While a good clinical solution is still missing, studies have confirmed that exosomes (Exos) derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) had a therapeutic effect on various diseases, including neurological diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal whether ADSC-Exo treatment could improve kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures in epileptic mice.