Quantitative characterization of cell niches in spatially resolved omics data.

Spatial omics enable the characterization of colocalized cell communities that coordinate specific functions within tissues. These communities, or niches, are shaped by interactions between neighboring cells, yet existing computational methods rarely leverage such interactions for their identification and characterization. To address this gap, here we introduce NicheCompass, a graph deep-learning method that models cellular communication to learn interpretable cell embeddings that encode signaling events, enabling the identification of niches and their underlying processes.

Assessing motorcyclist safety at unsignalized intersection using automated trajectory data analysis.

Objective: In a developing country like India, where the share of motorcyclists is increasing exponentially, their road crashes are also rising at an alarming rate. The majority of these road crashes occur at unsignalized intersections. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the safety of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-arm intersections under a heterogeneous traffic environment using a fully automated trajectory data extraction tool.

Catalyst-free anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydrothiolation of vinyl heteroarenes in aqueous medium: an improved process towards centhaquine.

Catalyst-free hydroamination and hydrothiolation of alkenes have been achieved in an aqueous medium. The anti-Markovnikov addition works efficiently in suspended water at room temperature and allows straightforward access to centhaquine, a drug used for the management of hypovolemic shocks in critically ill patients, and its derivatives. Various primary and secondary amines, thiols, and hydrazides were successfully reacted with a number of heteroaryl/aryl-alkenes.

Regioselective Synthesis of Phenanthridines via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Annulative C()-H Activation.

A robust synthesis of phenanthridines has been described via Pd(II)-catalyzed domino C(sp)-H activation/-arylation using oxime esters with aryl acyl peroxides in a highly regioselective manner. This protocol is compatible with acetophenone as well as benzophenone-derived oxime esters and allows modular construction of functionalized phenanthridines with wide tolerance of electronic functionality. Further transformations were conducted to synthesize key building blocks, and control experiments were performed to understand the plausible reaction mechanism.

Traveling-wave based fault location estimation in FACTS compensated transmission system: Recent status, challenges and future research directions.

This article presents a recent literature review on traveling wave-based fault location estimation in flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) compensated transmission system. The review aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in traveling wave-based fault location methods and their applications in FACTS compensated power systems. Firstly, the importance of fault location techniques and their classification are discussed.

in Dog Ears.

is an emerging global public health threat and is resistant to most antifungal agents. Though fungi are significant pathogens for animals, the role of in animal health remains unexplored. Here, we analysed the microbial cultures of skin and ear swabs of 87 dogs in Delhi and performed fungal meta-barcode sequencing of ear and skin samples of 7 dogs with confirmed otitis externa (OE).

mining to glean SNPs of pharmaco-clinical importance: an investigation with reference to the Indian populated SNPs.

Unlabelled: Drugs pharmacology is defined by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and both of them are affected by genetic variability. Genetic variability varies from population to population, and sometimes even within the population, it exists. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the major genetic variability factors which are found to be associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics process of a drug and are responsible for variable drug response and clinical phenotypes.

Genomic Analyses of a Fungemia Outbreak Caused by Lodderomyces elongisporus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Delhi, India.

Lodderomyces elongisporus is a recently emerging yeast pathogen predominantly reported in adult patients who had immunosuppression and/or intravenous access devices. Here, we report a fungemia outbreak caused by in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Delhi, India, from September 2021 to February 2022. All 10 neonates had low birthweight, and nine of the patients survived after amphotericin B treatment.

A protection method for multi-terminal HVDC system based on fuzzy approach.

This paper presents a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS)-based method to detect a fault, identify the faulty section, and recognize the faulty pole in the Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) system. The method uses only rectifier end measurements of voltage and current signals. To achieve complete protection of the MT-HVDC system, three separate frameworks of FIS modules have been developed.

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative [3 + 2]-Annulation of Quinoxalin-2(1)-one with Oxime Esters toward Functionalized Pyrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4(5)-ones as Opioid Receptor Modulators.

Pyrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4(5)-one derivatives as novel opioid receptor modulators have been synthesized via copper-catalyzed oxidative [3 + 2]-annulation of quinoxalin-2(1)-one and oxime--acetates. This hydrazine-free C-C and N-N bond formation strategy starts with the generation of CN synthon using oxime acetate, which reacts in a [3 + 2] manner with quinoxalin-2(1)-one, followed by oxidative aromatization. The synthesized compounds were tested against opioid receptors, of which eight compounds exhibited an antagonistic effect with EC < 5 μM at various opioid receptors.

Mining of molecular insights of CYP2A6 and its variants complex with coumarin (CYP2A6*-coumarin) using molecular dynamics simulation.

CYP2A6 is a very important enzyme that plays a crucial role in nicotine compounds and is responsible for the metabolism of more than 3% drugs of total metabolized drugs by the CYP family and reported as one of very important pharmacogenes. CYP2A6 is highly polymorphic in nature and reported with more than 40 variants, most of these variants are SNPs originated and population specific. It has been well observed and reported that the presence of these population-specific non-synonymous SNPs in CYP2A6 alters the rate of drug metabolism and as a functional consequence, drugs produce an abnormal response.

Candida auris on Apples: Diversity and Clinical Significance.

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant nosocomial fungal pathogen. While the marine environment was recently identified as a natural niche for C. auris, the environment(s) that might have contributed to the development and spread of antifungal resistance in C.

Effectiveness of constructed wetland integrated with microbial fuel cell for domestic wastewater treatment and to facilitate power generation.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have gained a lot of attention for wastewater treatment due to robustness and natural pollutant mitigation characteristics. This widely acknowledged technology possesses enough merits to derive direct electricity in collaboration with microbial fuel cell (MFC), thus taking advantage of microbial metabolic activities in the anoxic zone of CWs. In the present study, two identical lab-scale CWs were selected, each having 56 L capacity.

Environmental Isolation of Candida auris from the Coastal Wetlands of Andaman Islands, India.

is a multidrug resistant pathogen that presents a serious global threat to human health. As is a newly emerged pathogen, several questions regarding its ecological niche remain unexplored. While species closely related to have been detected in different environmental habitats, little is known about the natural habitat(s) of Here, we explored the virgin habitats around the very isolated Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean for evidence of We sampled coastal wetlands, including rocky shores, sandy beaches, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps, around the Andaman group of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Union Territory, in India.

Colonisation and Transmission Dynamics of among Chronic Respiratory Diseases Patients Hospitalised in a Chest Hospital, Delhi, India: A Comparative Analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing and Microsatellite Typing.

is a nosocomial pathogen responsible for an expanding global public health threat. This ascomycete yeast has been frequently isolated from hospital environments, representing a significant reservoir for transmission in healthcare settings. Here, we investigated the relationships among isolates from patients with chronic respiratory diseases admitted in a chest hospital and from their fomites, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and multilocus microsatellite genotyping.

[3 + 2]-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Aldehyde-Tethered Alkynamides and Trimethylsilyl Amino Esters: A Gateway to Uniquely Functionalized Polycyclic N-Heterocycles via Post-Ugi Functionalization.

An efficient method for the generation of uniquely functionalized pyrrolo-pyrrolizinones, pyrido-pyrrolizinones, and azepino-pyrrolizinones via [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition is described. The method involves the synthesis of tethered alkynamides using Ugi condensation and oxidation that were subsequently subjected to a dipolar cycloaddition reaction with trimethylsilyl amino esters. Further transformations to demonstrate the utility of these scaffolds were also investigated.

Synthesis of β- and γ-lactam fused dihydropyrazinones from Ugi adducts a sequential ring construction strategy.

A modular approach for the construction of β- and γ-lactam fused dihydropyrazinones from the readily available Ugi adducts has been described. The sequential construction of rings through base-mediated cycloisomerization followed by acid-mediated cyclization yielded β-lactam fused dihydropyrazinones. However, the Ugi-derived dihydropyrazinones afforded γ-lactam fused dihydropyrazinones under base-mediated cycloisomerization.

Immunocytochemistry on scrape cellblock: An aid in the diagnosis of metastatic neoplasm with unknown primary: A series of four cases.

Scrape cellblock (SCB) is a novel technique to suggest possible primary site in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from the liver, lung, and lymph nodes which are the common sites of metastasis of many primary tumors. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on SCB averts the need of more invasive diagnostic procedures and gives a conclusive diagnosis. We present a series of four cases with unknown primary site, in which ICC was done on SCB to suggest possible primary site.

Pharmacogenes (PGx-genes): Current understanding and future directions.

Individual specific variable drug response against similar drugs raises a significant challenge for the effective and safe treatment of many human diseases. Pharmacogenomics is the branch which try to deal with these challenge by relating drug response to patient specific genome in order to better customize patient treatments. Pharmacogenomics based research focus on the whole genome, but since last few years after realizing the importance, it mainly centralized towards genes of pharmacological importance called pharmacogenes, and try to explore association between their variants and variable drug response in world's different population.

Challenges in diabetology research in India.

Background: Diabetes emerges out to be a major epidemic in recent years that engulfs both developed and developing countries across the globe. India, a country witnessing rapid socioeconomic progress and urbanization carries a considerable share of the global diabetes burden. There has been an incongruity between disease burden and the technical capacity to make use of existing knowledge or to generate new knowledge to combat diabetes in India.

Novel protective mechanism of reducing renal cell damage in diabetes: Activation AMPK by AICAR increased NRF2/OGG1 proteins and reduced oxidative DNA damage.

Exposure of renal cells to high glucose (HG) during diabetes has been recently proposed to be involved in renal injury. In the present study, we investigated a potential mechanism by which AICAR treatment regulates the DNA repair enzyme, 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in renal proximal tubular mouse cells exposed to HG and in kidney of db/db mice. Cells treated with HG for 2 days show inhibition in OGG1 promoter activity as well as OGG1 and Nrf2 protein expression.

Fuzzy Inference System Approach for Locating Series, Shunt, and Simultaneous Series-Shunt Faults in Double Circuit Transmission Lines.

Many schemes are reported for shunt fault location estimation, but fault location estimation of series or open conductor faults has not been dealt with so far. The existing numerical relays only detect the open conductor (series) fault and give the indication of the faulty phase(s), but they are unable to locate the series fault. The repair crew needs to patrol the complete line to find the location of series fault.

Regulation of PI 3-K, PTEN, p53, and mTOR in Malignant and Benign Tumors Deficient in Tuberin.

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by mutation in either of 2 tumor suppressor genes, TSC-1 (encodes hamartin) and TSC-2 (encodes tuberin). In humans, deficiency in TSC1/2 is associated with benign tumors in many organs, including renal angiomyolipoma (AML) but rarely renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In contrast, deficiency of TSC function in the Eker rat is associated with RCC.