Pain experience of people with inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative study.

Introduction: People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly experience pain, whether during active disease or remission, which interferes with daily life and major goals and causes distress. Current psychological methods of pain management draw from musculoskeletal pain interventions, but it has not been established that the musculoskeletal model is a good fit. We aimed to outline a psychological model of IBD pain.

Computed Tomography Scan Rates and Outcomes in Children Risk-Stratified Using the PREDICT Guideline Algorithm for Risk Stratification of Mild and Moderate Head Injuries.

Objective: Since 2021, the PREDICT Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children has been widely implemented across Australia and New Zealand. We set out to describe the application of the guideline's risk stratification using an existing database.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a large multicentre prospective data set of paediatric patients with head injuries.

Donor-recipient mismatch at the locus adversely affects kidney allograft outcomes.

Donor-recipient mismatches in histocompatibility antigens recognized by lymphoid cells have been demonstrated to adversely affect allograft outcomes. In contrast, it remains unclear whether mismatches sensed by innate myeloid cells have a similar effect. We investigated the consequences of mismatch in the polymorphic gene encoding signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on kidney allograft pathology and survival in mice and humans.

Agreement between face-to-face and photograph and video assessments in children with Bell's palsy: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Bell's palsy is a sudden unilateral weakness of the facial muscles due to idiopathic lower motor neuron palsy of cranial nerve VII. We set out to determine the level of agreement in the severity of facial palsy based on the House-Brackmann scale between face-to-face assessment by clinicians, and independent clinician assessment of photographs and videos.

Design: Secondary analysis of children enrolled in a triple blind, randomised controlled trial assessing recovery rates following steroid treatment versus placebo for Bell's palsy who had photographs and videos recorded initially and at subsequent reviews.

Temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiome and host immune markers before, during, and after metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis.

This study analyzed metagenomic and immune marker profiles of seven individuals before, during, and after a 7-day course of metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Treatment reduced BV-associated bacteria and immune marker levels, with distinct early (days 1-4) and late (days 5-7) phases. Post-treatment variability in microbial and immune marker profiles demonstrated a rapid resurgence of certain BV-associated bacteria, highlighting the need for additional strategies like probiotics to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome.

Multi-region investigation of 'man' as default in attitudes.

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes' relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group.

Human alveolar macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune characteristics underlying large inter-individual variability.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection infects human alveolar macrophages (HAMs). In freshly isolated HAMs from 28 healthy adults, we observe large inter-individual differences in bacterial uptake and growth, with tenfold variation in M.

Maternal HIV retesting during pregnancy and postpartum among high-risk populations in Kenya, South Africa, and Ukraine: Cost-effectiveness of preventing vertical transmission.

Introduction: Key populations, including female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and people in serodiscordant partnerships, experience higher HIV incidence compared to the general population. Maternal HIV retesting, particularly during late pregnancy, helps detect new infections and prevent vertical HIV transmission, but optimal testing schedules among key populations are unknown.

Methods: We used a Markov model to estimate the health and economic impacts of maternal HIV retesting on vertical HIV transmission outcomes among FSW and PWID in Kenya, South Africa, and pre-war Ukraine as well as among pregnant people in serodiscordant partnerships in Kenya and South Africa.

Prospective observational study to assess the performance accuracy of clinical decision rules in children presenting to emergency departments with possible cervical spine injuries: the Study of Neck Injuries in Children (SONIC).

Introduction: Paediatric cervical spine injury (CSI) is uncommon but can have devastating consequences. Many children, however, present to emergency departments (EDs) for the assessment of possible CSI. While imaging can be used to determine the presence of injuries, these tests are not without risks and costs, including exposure to radiation and associated life-time cancer risks.

Maternal HIV retesting during pregnancy and postpartum among high-risk populations in Kenya, South Africa, and Ukraine: Cost-effectiveness of preventing vertical transmission.

Introduction: Key populations, including female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and people in serodiscordant partnerships, experience higher HIV incidence compared to the general population. Maternal HIV retesting, particularly during late pregnancy, helps detect new infections and prevent vertical HIV transmission, but optimal testing schedules among key populations are unknown.

Methods: We used a Markov model to estimate the health and economic impacts of maternal HIV retesting on vertical HIV transmission outcomes among FSW and PWID in Kenya, South Africa, and pre-war Ukraine as well as among pregnant people in serodiscordant partnerships in Kenya and South Africa.

An antigen-less pro-vaccine for treating autoimmunity.

We have designed the first antigen-less pro-vaccine, named 8206, for treating autoimmune diseases. Composed of dexamethasone, rapamycin, and R848 at a mass ratio of 8:20:6, 8206 is a complete tolerogenic adjuvant that acts systemically to form an active vaccine in situ with endogenous pathogenic autoantigens. This active vaccine suppresses autoimmunity by expanding antigen-specific Treg cells in affected tissues.

Strengthening the US Health Workforce to End the HIV Epidemic: Lessons Learned From 11 Ending the HIV Epidemic Jurisdictions.

Background: Supplements were awarded under the National Institutes of Health, ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) initiative to foster implementation science through community-engaged research. The objective of this study was to synthesize lessons learned, identify areas of research sufficiently studied, and present an agenda for future research on HIV health workforce development from a collaboration across 9 EHE projects in 11 jurisdictions in the United States.

Methods: EHE supplement recipients completed a semistructured questionnaire to identify shared lessons learned about common themes of workforce development using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Expert Recommendation for Implementing Change frameworks.

Temporal Dynamics of the Vaginal Microbiome and Host Immune Markers Before, During, and After Metronidazole Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis.

This study analyzed metagenomic and immune marker profiles of seven individuals before, during, and after a 7-day course of metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Treatment reduced BV-associated bacteria and immune marker levels, with distinct early (days 1-4) and late (days 5-7) phases. Post-treatment, variability in microbial and immune marker profiles demonstrated a rapid resurgence of certain BV associated bacteria, highlighting the need for additional strategies like probiotics to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome.

External Validation of the Phoenix Sepsis Score in Children With Suspected Community-Acquired Sepsis.

Importance: The novel Phoenix Sepsis Score and sepsis criteria were derived and validated using a multicountry dataset and proposed as a new definition for sepsis in children.

Objective: To externally validate the Phoenix Sepsis Score and sepsis criteria in a cohort of children hospitalized with suspected community-acquired sepsis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This diagnostic study used data from the multicenter, multicountry Sepsis Epidemiology in Australian and New Zealand Emergency Departments (SENTINEL) study, collected from 2021 to 2023 and including 90-day follow-up.

Evaluation of enzyme activity predictions for variants of unknown significance in Arylsulfatase A.

Continued advances in variant effect prediction are necessary to demonstrate the ability of machine learning methods to accurately determine the clinical impact of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Towards this goal, the ARSA Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenge was designed to characterize progress by utilizing 219 experimentally assayed missense VUS in the Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene to assess the performance of community-submitted predictions of variant functional effects. The challenge involved 15 teams, and evaluated additional predictions from established and recently released models.

Pregnancy-Related Mortality in California Due to Obstetric Hemorrhage.

Objective: To identify underlying causes, contributing factors, and quality-improvement opportunities of pregnancy-related hemorrhage deaths.

Methods: The California Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review examined pregnancy-related hemorrhage deaths in California that occurred in 2014-2018. Data were abstracted from multiple sources (vital records, hospital encounter data, medical records, and coroner or autopsy reports).

CAGI6 ID panel challenge: assessment of phenotype and variant predictions in 415 children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).

The Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Lab in Padua provided a new intellectual disability (ID) Panel challenge for computational methods to predict patient phenotypes and their causal variants in the context of the Critical Assessment of the Genome Interpretation, 6th edition (CAGI6). Eight research teams submitted a total of 30 models to predict phenotypes based on the sequences of 74 genes (VCF format) in 415 pediatric patients affected by Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). NDDs are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions, with onset in infant age.

Investigation into nurses' emotion regulation while causing pain to adult patients during burns dressing changes: a qualitative study.

Background: Burns can cause patients significant pain at the time of injury and during subsequent treatment. Other people's pain often elicits empathic responses in observers. However, effective emotion regulation strategies are needed to manage personal distress, which may otherwise inhibit helping behaviour.

Patients and clinicians have different priorities when discussing pain in the IBD clinic.

Objective: Pain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently neglected/overlooked, particularly in ulcerative colitis, and communication about pain can be suboptimal. The current study juxtaposes clinicians' conceptualisations of patients' pain with patient narratives. The aim was to inform the development of a pain reporting tool and provide guidance for better communication about IBD pain.

The effect of proximity to grocery stores and the pandemic on parents' and youths' perceptions of eating habits in predominately African American rural communities.

Background: Rural communities have a disproportionately high level of childhood obesity along with high rates of food insecurity.

Objectives: To assess the eating habits of youth in predominantly African American rural communities and assess the association between proximity to a grocery store and eating habits as well as how the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted eating habits.

Methods: 203 youth and parents completed a 16-item survey.