Ultrasoft and fast self-healing poly(ionic liquid) electrode for dielectric elastomer actuators.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) exhibit large actuation strains, lightweight, and fast response, making them a promising candidate for soft robotics and soft grippers. Ionogels have been used as the electrodes in DEAs to offer thermostability and self-healability, however, typically the elastic modulus of the self-healing ionogel electrodes is of several tens of kPa (or higher), limiting the actuation strain performance and self-healing speed of the DEA. In this work, a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) electrode with an ultralow elastic modulus of 3.

Optimization of Core-Shell Ternary Electrodes for High-Performance Ionic Actuator in Soft Gripper.

Ionic actuators based on composite electrodes consisting of nanomaterials and conducting polymer typically offer the advantages of low-voltage operation and high stability, however, electrode preparation using conventional mixing suffers from issues of ineffective dispersion of nanomaterials, greatly diminishing their synergistic effects. Here, the ternary electrode system based on SWCNTs/PEDOT: PSS/ionic liquid using the two-step dispersion process is optimized, achieving a uniformly coated core-shell structure with high conductivity (≈392.4 S cm).

Interferon alpha-2b versus 5-fluorouracil as primary treatment modalities for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a study of 116 eyes.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2B) and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as primary treatment modalities for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: Retrospective comparative study of 116 OSSN eyes treated with topical 1 MIU IFNα2B with/without 5 MIU/cc subconjunctival injection (group 1) or topical 1% 5-FU (group 2) in mutually exclusive time periods of treatment.

Results: Of the 116 eyes with OSSN, 64 eyes belonged to group 1 and 52 eyes to group 2.

Acute dacryocystitis: changing practice pattern over the last three decades at a tertiary care setup.

Aim: To compare the demographics, clinical features, and changes in the management pattern of acute dacryocystitis at a tertiary care eye institute.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of electronic medical records of all patients diagnosed with acute dacryocystitis from January 2013 to January 2023. Data retrieved include demographics, history, presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms, surgical interventions, associated systemic conditions, management, complications, and outcomes.

Ferroelectric Modulation in Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Schottky Direct-Current Nanogenerator for Capsule-Like Magnetic Suspension Sensor.

The tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG), a promising semiconductor energy technology, displays outstanding advantages such as low matching impedance and continuous direct-current output. However, the lack of controllable and stable performance modulation strategies is still a major bottleneck that impedes further practical applications of TVNG. Herein, by leveraging the ferroelectricity-enhanced mechanism and the control of interfacial energy band bending, a lead-free perovskite-based (3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium) CuCl ((DF-CBA) CuCl )/Al Schottky junction TVNG is constructed.

Canalicular Curettage to the Rescue: a report of three cases.

Introduction: Canalicular curettage is a surgical procedure used to remove canalicular contents and debris from canaliculi. It is usually indicated for chronic, persistent or recalcitrant canalicular diseases with no resolution of symptoms after conservative management. We describe 3 different cases of persistent canalicular diseases which needed canalicular curettage to rescue from the conditions leading to successful outcomes.

The FICI grading for a dacryocystorhinostomy ostium.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to propose a simple grading to assess the health of a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) ostium.

Methods: Prospective case series of 237 Ostia evaluated following dacryocystorhinostomy were included in the study. All the ostia were assessed for 10 parameters in detail using the earlier published DCR ostium scoring (DOS scoring).

Isolated peripunctal sebaceous gland carcinoma in a young adult: An unusual presentation.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid is one of the leading peri-ocular eyelid malignancies in Asian-Indians. It usually affects elderly women and has a high rate of local recurrence, regional and distant metastasis. This is partly attributable to a delay in clinical diagnosis since it mimics more benign conditions of the eyelid like chalazia.

Cone Beam Computerized Tomography Dacryocystography (CBCT DCG) for the Evaluation of Lacrimal Drainage System Dysfunction.

Purpose: Lacrimal outflow imaging has been limited in clinical practice due to a combination of modality limitations and efficacy of clinical testing. Cone beam computed tomography dacryocystography (CBCT DCG) has certain advantages over other modalities that may enhance clinical utility. This study was intended to understand the relationships between symptoms, syringing and CBCT DCG in a population of patients presenting with tearing.

Role of Retrobulbar Hyaluronidase in Filler-Associated Blindness: Evaluation of Fundus Perfusion and Electroretinogram Readings in an Animal Model.

Purpose: Hyaluronic acid gel filler-associated blindness is an uncommon but devastating complication. Hyaluronidase can potentially dissolve intravascular filler and improve perfusion; however, its role in filler-associated blindness has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of retrobulbar hyaluronidase on hyaluronic acid gel-induced ophthalmic artery occlusion in a rabbit model.

Eyebrow Contouring with Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler Injections.

The eyebrow region presents challenges for filling: the skin is thick, the three-dimensional anatomy is complex and there is a predisposition towards fat atrophy and skeletonization with aging. Hyaluronic acid gel fillers are well known for their use in the periorbital region. We report our long-term experience with eyebrow filling over a period of five years.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Lateral Canthal Resuspension.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of lateral canthal resuspension over time.

Design: A cohort study of adults (n = 25, 45 eyelids) undergoing lateral canthal resuspension.

Methods: Marginal reflex distance 2 (MRD2), inferior scleral show, lateral canthal height, lateral canthal angle, horizontal palpebral aperture, and lateral scleral triangle area were measured preoperatively and at postoperative week 1, month 3, and the final follow-up visit.

Double Vision After Minimally Invasive Orbital Decompression.

Introduction: New onset Diplopia following orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease patients is estimated to occur in up to 30% to 40% of decompression patients, mostly related to deep lateral and medial wall decompressions.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all minimally invasive (fat and minimal bone orbital decompression performed at the UCLA Stein Eye Institute between 2005 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were thyroid eye disease patients older than 18 years undergoing fat only orbital decompression with no previous muscle surgery.

Lateral Rectus Muscle Expands More Than Medial Rectus Following Maximal Deep Balanced Orbital Decompression.

Purpose: It has been reported that extraocular muscles can enlarge following orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease. In this article, the authors studied the changes in extraocular muscles size following maximal deep lateral and medial balanced decompression in a large sample of thyroid eye disease patients.

Methods: Imaging data were reviewed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Vemurafenib (BRAF Inhibitor) Therapy for Orbital Erdheim-Chester Disease.

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare xanthogranulomatous systemic disease, which involves the orbit in some cases. Through this case report, the authors review the treatment modalities used in orbital Erdheim-Chester disease and explore a newer modality of treatment. Cases of orbital Erdheim-Chester disease were identified in the literature utilizing a PubMed search and all the treatment modalities were reviewed.

Interferon alfa-2b in the management of recurrent conjunctival papillomatosis.

A 2-year-old boy presented with a recurrent strawberry-like reddish mass arising from the left caruncular region for 8 months. An incisional biopsy was performed elsewhere 2 months earlier, followed by an increase in size of mass, significant epiphora, and intermittent bleeding. On examination, exuberant exophytic gelatinous mass with multifocal origin was observed arising from inferior forniceal conjunctiva and caruncle.

Prognosis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma based on the tumor (T) category of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) based on the T category of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification (7th edition). This is a retrospective interventional case series study. Based on the T category of the AJCC classification, 191 patients with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma were classified as T1 (n = 1, 1 %), T2 (n = 111, 58 %), T3 (n = 76, 40 %), and T4 (n = 3, 2 %).

Minimally invasive surgery for thyroid eye disease.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) can affect the eye in myriad ways: proptosis, strabismus, eyelid retraction, optic neuropathy, soft tissue changes around the eye and an unstable ocular surface. TED consists of two phases: active, and inactive. The active phase of TED is limited to a period of 12-18 months and is mainly managed medically with immunosuppression.

Solitary Trichoepithelioma of the Eyelid: A Clinico-Pathological Correlation.

Solitary trichoepithelioma of the eyelid is a very rare tumor, which needs to be differentiated from basaloid epithelioma and basal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological examination. We present a case of an eyelid trichoepithelioma presenting as a long standing nodule with associated dermatochalasis.

NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma in adults.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: The mean age at initial presentation of retinoblastoma was 30 years (median, 26 years; range, 22-48 years).

Clinical features predictive of high-risk retinoblastoma in 403 Asian Indian patients: a case-control study.

Purpose: To identify the clinical features predictive of high-risk retinoblastoma on histopathology.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: A total of 145 cases with histopathologic high-risk features of retinoblastoma and 258 controls without high-risk features.

Lacrimal and nasal masquerades of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions: etiology, management, and outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to report various conditions masquerading as congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Retrospective review was designed in a tertiary hospital setting. 92 eyes of 65 consecutive patients were included in this study.

Buried Probe in Complex Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstructions: Clinical Profiles and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the clinical profiles and outcomes of buried probe variant of complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients endoscopically diagnosed as a buried probe variant of complex CNLDO, over a 3.5 year period from a single surgeon's (MJA) database were included in the study.

Simple vs complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions: etiology, management and outcomes.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the comparative clinical profiles and outcomes of simple and complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Methods: The study was a retrospective chart review of all patients presenting with CNLDO from a single surgeon's (M.J.