Association between ESR1 polymorphisms (XbaI & PvuII) and breast cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with notable geographic variation in incidence and mortality. Its risk is shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. Among the genetic contributors, ESR1 intronic polymorphisms such as XbaI and PvuII have been associated with breast cancer susceptibility, though results across populations remain inconsistent.

Dimethyl-2-oxoglutarate but not antioxidants prevents glucose hypometabolism induced neural cell death: implications in the pathogenesis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebral glucose hypometabolism is a cardinal molecular signature of Alzheimer's disease, and its role in the pathogenesis of this disorder is under intensive study in both animal and cell-based models. In the current study, we exposed SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cell line) over a period of 48 h to DRB18, an inhibitor of multiple glucose transporters, in different concentrations to develop a state of glucose hypometabolism. Under this metabolic insult, in SH-SY5Y cells a profound dose-dependent neural cell death, an increased production of reactive oxygen radicals, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and a depletion of cellular ATP content were noted; these effects were not prevented by lipid-soluble novel antioxidants such as ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1 or by a general water-soluble antioxidant like N-acetylcysteine.

Lead and arsenic toxicity: emerging mechanisms, immunotoxic effects, and future research perspectives.

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are two of the most widespread environmental toxicants, posing significant immunological and systemic health risks worldwide. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the immunotoxicity of Pb and As, highlighting their shared and unique cellular mechanisms, with a focus on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and epigenetic modifications. Pb exposure has been shown to suppress CD4⁺ T cell populations, alter CD8⁺ and NK cell ratios, elevate Th2 cytokines like IL-4 and IL-6, and increase IgE levels, contributing to heightened allergy risk and systemic inflammation.

Dynamics of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity driving cancer drug resistance.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes several cancers by increasing tumor cell motility, disrupting epithelial cell phenotypes, apical-basal polarity, and intracellular connections, and enhancing tumor resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), the opposite of EMT, causes tumor metastasis. EMT drives primary tumor cells, whereas MET inhibits them.

Dynamics of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Risk Factors Associated with Infections Caused by Colistin-Resistant Bacteria: A Study from the Northern Region of Haryana, India.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, with colistin as a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and risk factors associated with infections caused by colistin-resistant bacteria in the Northern region of Haryana, India. Clinical samples (n = 12,652) collected from a single hospital in Haryana were subjected to microbiological analysis for five months.

Electrochemical nanosensors: Revolutionizing vitamin detection.

Electrochemical nanosensors offer remarkable capabilities for precise and selective vitamin detection, with transformative implications for healthcare, nutrition, and food industry quality control. Nanotechnology advancements have facilitated the creation of nanoscale sensors with customized properties, enhancing the efficacy of detecting vitamins. Materials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots have been modified to display remarkable sensitivity and specificity for distinct vitamins.

Genes and proteins expression profile of 2D vs 3D cancer models: a comparative analysis for better tumor insights.

When juxtaposed with 2D cell culture models, multicellular tumor spheroids demonstrate a capacity to faithfully replicate certain features inherent to solid tumors. These include spatial architecture, physiological responses, the release of soluble mediators, patterns of gene expression, and mechanisms of drug resistance. The morphological and behavioural similarities between 3D-cultured cells and cells within tumor masses highlight the potential of these models in studying cancer biology and drug responses.

Mechanistic Insight of Pharmacological Aspects of Violacein: Recent Trends and Advancements.

Since its discovery in the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, violacein-a striking purple pigment-has garnered significant interest due to its promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Violacein exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects, yet its complete molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated. Its mechanisms of action likely involve complex interactions with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and specific molecular targets.

Flavonoid-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Angiogenesis: Roles of Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT.

Angiogenesis is a process involved in the formation of new blood capillaries from pre-existing ones. It is regulated by several anti-angiogenic molecules involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The endothelial angiopoietin Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT growth receptor pathway is necessary for healthy vascular development.

Vaccine-based therapeutic interventions in lung cancer management: A recent perspective.

The incidence of lung cancer continues to grow globally, contributing to an ever-increasing load on healthcare systems. Emerging evidence has indicated lowered efficacy of conventional treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, surgical interventions and radiotherapy, prompting the need for exploring alternative interventions. A growing focus on immunotherapy and the development of personalized medicine has paved the way for vaccine-based delivery in lung cancer.

Garcinol in gastrointestinal cancer prevention: recent advances and future prospects.

Gastrointestinal cancers continue to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of new cases diagnosed each year. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for many patients remains poor. This article explores the potential of garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone found in various Garcinia species, as a therapeutic agent against gastrointestinal malignancies.

Allicin: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the foremost cause of mortality globally. Various phytochemicals from natural sources have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties. Allicin, a powerful organosulfur compound derived from garlic, exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.

Exosomal Dynamics and Brain Redox Imbalance: Implications in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Diagnosis.

Oxidative burden plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, fostering protein aggregation, inflammation, mitochondrial impairment, and cellular dysfunction that collectively lead to neuronal injury. The role of exosomes in propagating the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases including AD is now well established. However, recent studies have also shown that exosomes are crucial responders to oxidative stress in different tissues.

Chitosan-PEI passivated carbon dots for plasmid DNA and miRNA-153 delivery in cancer cells.

These days carbon dots have been developed for multiple biomedical applications. In the current study, the transfection potential of synthesized carbon dots from single biopolymers such as chitosan, PEI-2kDa, and PEI-25kDa (S-CDs, PEI2-CDs, and PEI25-CDs) and by combining two biopolymers (CP2-CDs and CP25-CDs) through a bottom-up approach have been investigated. The characterization studies revealed successful synthesis of fluorescent, positively charged carbon dots <20 nm in size.

Exosomal miRNAs as Next-generation Therapy Vehicles in Breast Cancer.

The second most pervasive cancer affecting the survival of women across the world is breast cancer. One of the biggest challenges in breast cancer treatment is the chemoresistance of cancer cells to various medications after some time. Therefore, highly specific blood-based biomarkers are required for early breast cancer diagnosis to overcome chemoresistance and improve patient survival.

Polymer-mediated nanoformulations: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

Engineering polymer-based nano-systems have attracted many researchers owing to their unique qualities like shape, size, porosity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Both natural and synthetic polymers can be tuned to get desired surface chemistry and functionalization to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by promoting targeted delivery to the tumor site. Recent advancements in cancer immunoediting have been able to manage both primary tumor and metastatic lesions via activation of the immune system.

Sustainable Nanoparticles from Stephania glabra and Analysis of Their Anticancer Potential on 2D and 3D Models of Prostate Cancer.

In pursuit of a novel effective treatment for prostate cancer, methanolic extract of Stephania glabra tubers (Sg-ME) was utilized to fabricate silver (Sg-AgNP), copper oxide (Sg-CuONP), and silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles (Sg-BNP). The characterization of the nanoparticles confirmed spherical shape with average diameters of 30.72, 32.

Nanoformulations of quercetin for controlled delivery: a review of preclinical anticancer studies.

One of the well-studied older molecules, quercetin, is found in large quantities in many fruits and vegetables. Natural anti-oxidant quercetin has demonstrated numerous pharmacological properties in preclinical and clinical research, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Due to its ability to control cell signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p53, activated protein-1 (AP-1), STAT3, and epidermal growth response-1 (Egr-1), which is essential in the initiation and proliferation of cancer, it has gained a lot of fame as an anticancer molecule.

Application of curcumin nanoformulations to target folic acid receptor in cancer: Recent trends and advances.

Curcumin, derived from turmeric, has a strong anticancer potential known for millennia. The development of this phytochemical as a medicine has been hampered by several significant deficiencies, including its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. This review article discusses possibilities to overcome these bottlenecks by focusing on this natural polyphenol's nanoformulation.

Novel Biocompatible Green Silver Nanoparticles Efficiently Eliminates Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogens and Mycobacterium Species.

Unlabelled: Bacterial infection is a major crisis of 21st era and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens cause significant health problems. We developed, green chemistry-based silver nanoparticles (G-Ag NPs) using fruit peel extract. G-Ag NPs has a spherical shape in the range of ~ 40 nm with a surface charge of - 31 Mv.

Aberrant protein glycosylation: Implications on diagnosis and Immunotherapy.

Glycosylation-mediated post-translational modification is critical for regulating many fundamental processes like cell division, differentiation, immune response, and cell-to-cell interaction. Alterations in the N-linked or O-linked glycosylation pattern of regulatory proteins like transcription factors or cellular receptors lead to many diseases, including cancer. These alterations give rise to micro- and macro-heterogeneity in tumor cells.

GLUT inhibitor WZB117 induces cytotoxicity with increased production of amyloid-beta peptide in SH-SY5Y cells preventable by beta-hydroxybutyrate: implications in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Inhibitors of glucose transporters are being explored as potential anti-cancer drugs. Decreased cerebral glucose utilization with reduced levels of several glucose transporters is also an important pathogenic signature of neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, but its exact role in the pathogenesis of this disease is not established. We explored in an experimental model if inhibitors of glucose transporters could lead to altered amyloid-beta homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death, which are relevant in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.